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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thoracic spine fractures are most commonly flexion injuries resulting from vehicular accidents or falls. The initial evaluation of any multiple trauma victim should include AP and cross-table lateral radiographs of the thoracic spine. Conventional and computed axial tomography can add additional information regarding posterior element integrity and spinal canal encroachment. MRI can also be useful in that it directly images the effects of fractures on the spinal cord.
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PMID:Thoracic spine trauma. 143 88

In this retrospective study twelve histologically confirmed cases of spinal chordoma have been reviewed. Plain radiographs were performed in all cases, and CT scans in 11 patients. Four patients had post-myelography CT. Five patients were explored by MRI, and two had a post-DOTA-gadolinium MR study. Ten patients underwent spinal arteriography. Cervical spine chordomas (3 cases) were osteolytic, developed laterally to the vertebral body and involved one of more adjacent vertebrae. Thoracic and lumbar chordomas (9 cases) were usually centrally located in the vertebral body with no adjacent involvement and presented as osteo-sclerotic or mixed osteolytic-osteosclerotic lesions. CT scans provide a good view of the extravertebral component of the tumour, but MRI is the best imaging method to evaluate tumoral extension. Intravenous gadolinium injection seems to produce a better delineation of the epidural extent of the tumour at cervical level. Angiography remains useful for presurgical evaluation.
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PMID:Imaging of chordomas of the mobile spine. 176 12

22 patients with intrathoracic malignant tumors suspected of invading the chest wall were examined with CT and MRI. Chest wall invasion was operatively confirmed in 19 cases and excluded in the other 3 cases. CT showed tumor infiltration of the chest wall in 14/19 cases, no morphological changes in 5/19 cases. Thoracic wall invasion was demonstrated by MR in all 19 cases. Typical MR finding of malignant invasion was local lesion within the chest wall showing high signal intensity in post-Gd T1-weighted images and in T2-weighted images. Reactive inflammatory changes as well as malignant infiltration of the pleura showed high signal intensity on enhanced T1-weighted images and on T2-weighted images.
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PMID:[MRI of an intrathoracic malignant tumor invading the chest wall]. 232 72

A 42-year-old house wife had suffered from abnormal mass lesion in the right pulmonary hilum on her chest X-ray film. MRI showed another mediastinal mass between IVC and descending aorta with high T1 and T2 intensity. Thoracic CT done before MRI missed the latter lesion because only upper mediastinal scanning had been performed. At operation subcarinal and right paraesophageal cysts were successfully removed. Histological examination of the subcarinal cyst showed ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining, and its thin wall consisted of partly smooth muscle bundle, lymph node, calcification, inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhage. The paraesophageal cyst lined by a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, and the wall consisted of mostly fibrous connective tissue with partly smooth muscle bundle. Although the both cysts were diagnosed as bronchogenic origin, definitive bronchial glands and cartilage could not be recognized. The postoperative course was uneventful. This is the first case report of mediastinal double bronchogenic cysts appeared in the Japanese literature.
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PMID:[A case of double bronchogenic cysts in the mediastinum]. 238 26

Thoracic spondylotic myelopathies are exceptional, only 29 observations could be found in the literature; we intend to describe three new cases here. The patients, two women and one man, 64, 69 and 72 years old, complained of weakness of the lower limbs, more marked on one side, which had been progressing slowly from several months to eight years. Examination revealed asymmetrical paraparesis with distal sensitivity deficits without thoracic sensory level. In the first case, the myelography remained virtually unchanged in front of T11, T12; in the second and third cases, there was slight extradural compression at T9 and T10 respectively. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (M.R.I.) performed in two patients was evocative of a thoracic disk herniation. A chest CT scan enabled us to establish correct diagnosis: in the three cases irregular hypertrophy of the posterior elements was evident at T11 and T12, T9 and T10, T10 and T11 respectively, with osteophytes originating in the articular process and deeply embedded in the spinal canal. Decompressive laminectomy associated with medial facetectomy resulted in the gradual improvement of walking in all three patients. Myelography and MRI are both useful in demonstrating the level compression, usually situated in the low thoracic spine, however only the CT allows differential diagnosis with other etiologies, especially anterior compression such as disk herniation.
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PMID:[Myelopathies caused by dorsal spinal canal spondylotic stenosis. 3 cases and a review of the literature]. 269 79

We report a case of acute spinal epidural hematoma diagnosed by MRI-CT. A 76-year-old woman was admitted in our hospital for the purpose of the gastrectomy against her early cancer of stomach. Thoracic epidural anesthesia (Th8/9) was attempted for the operation and soft tube was continuously remained in the epidural space after successful gastrectomy. On the second day after operation, the tube was pulled out from the epidural space safely. However, the patient complained severe thoracic-back pain and complete paraplegia of legs with sensory loss beneath Th10 level of dermatoma. X-ray CT and MRI-CT showed spinal epidural hematoma, especially MRI-CT made clear the relationship between spine and hematoma and the level of longitudinal expansion. The hematoma was recognized in MRI-CT as high signal intensity spindle-shape area (spine echo Tr/Te 1800/100). The spinal epidural hematoma existed from 4th to 12th thoracic vertebra level on sagittal slice. Her symptom recovered completely about three hours and a half after the onset spontaneously, and there is no recurrence of paraplegia. The mechanism of spontaneous recovery from paraplegia is assumed that the spreading of the hematoma in epidural space up- and downwards to the rostro-caudal direction results in decompression. Acute spinal epidural hematoma occurred by continuous epidural anesthesia, and with spontaneous recovery is very rare. The hematoma disappeared in MRI-CT on the 26th day after the onset. MRI-CT is useful to detect spinal epidural hematoma safely and accurately for its diagnosis.
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PMID:[Acute spinal epidural hematoma in MRI-CT, following continuous epidural anesthesia with spontaneous recovery]. 275 53

We report two cases of ventrolateral thoracic and lumbar meningoceles associated with neurofibromatosis type 1, and present a review of the literature. Thoracic and lumbar meningoceles are rare lesions which are associated with neurofibromatosis in 60% to 85% of cases. Large meningoceles may cause pain, neurological signs, or respiratory complaints when located intrathoracically. Surgery is indicated in such cases, as well as when small meningoceles enlarge with time. The etiology of meningoceles in neurofibromatosis remains controversial. The authors postulate that ventrolateral lesions of the thoracic and lumbar spine are secondary to congenital mesodermal dysplasia and hypoplastic bone changes. MRI is the diagnostic method of choice, since it most adequately visualizes the pathological anatomy of the spinal cord, meninges, and adjacent structures in every sectional plane. CT scans are particularly useful in assessing the spinal bony changes.
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PMID:Thoracic and lumbar meningocele in neurofibromatosis type 1. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 747 16

Two cases of thoracic periaortal fibrosis as a manifestation of retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond's disease) are shown on CT and MRI. Thoracic periaortal fibrosis can result in an inflammatory aneurysmo with chronic dissection. Manifestation of thoracic periaortal fibrosis may typically occur intermittently over decades.
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PMID:[Thoracic peri-aortic fibrosis and Ormond disease]. 760 15

Previous studies suggest that Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) may be a systemic disorder with manifestations in organs other than the optic nerves. To evaluate nervous system involvement 38 men and eight women with LHON were re-examined. The patients were divided into three groups according to mtDNA analysis--namely, patients with the 11778 or with the 3460 mutation and patients without these primary mutations. Fifty nine per cent of patients had neurological abnormalities but there was no significant difference between the three groups. Movement disorders were the most common finding; nine patients had constant postural tremor, one chronic motor tic disorder, and one parkinsonism with dystonia. Four patients had peripheral neuropathy with no other evident cause. Two patients had a multiple sclerosis-like syndrome; in both patients MRI showed changes in the periventricular white matter. Thoracic kyphosis occurred in seven patients, five of whom had the 3460 mutation. In one patient the 3460 mutation was associated with involvement of the brain stem. It is suggested that various movement disorders, multiple sclerosis-like illness, and deformities of the vertebral column may associate pathogenetically with LHON.
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PMID:Leber's "plus": neurological abnormalities in patients with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. 762 30

A retrospective review of percutaneous needle biopsy due to the vertebral metastatic neoplasms performed in 92 patients treated from 1975 to 1992 at Department of Neurosurgery, K. Marcinkowski University of Medical Sciences. Thoracic biopsies constituted 45 per cent, lumbar-32 per cent, cervical-18 per cent and sacral ones 5 per cent of all procedures. An accurate diagnosis was made in 70 per cent of all cases. The highest accuracy rate was noted in lesions compromising the entire vertebral body (84 per cent) and posterior elements of the vertebrae (89 per cent). Tomographic X-rays, CT and MRI were helpful in visualization of concomitant paravertebral mass. In these cases accuracy rate of the biopsy was 82 per cent. The technique of percutaneous biopsy and histological results were also discussed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic significance of percutaneous needle biopsy in metastatic neoplasms of the spine]. 773 6


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