Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thoracic cage tumors are infrequently encountered and may present a dilemma in diagnosis and treatment. A case of hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to rib, an unusual chest wall tumor, is presented here, and an orderly and effective approach to chest wall lesions is described. Computerized tomography and biopsy are the most efficacious diagnostic modalities.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma metastatic to rib: an approach to an unusual chest wall tumor. 631 51

Abdominothoracic shape during the forced vital capacity was studied in 10 normal subjects using magnetometers to monitor anteroposterior diameters at the level of the manubrium, xiphoid, and epigastrium, lateral rib cage diameter at the xiphoid level, and vertical motion of the rib cage. Thoracic cross-sectional area change at the xiphoid level was found to lag lung volume change, due to an early paradoxical increase (or lack of change), of lower anteroposterior rib cage diameter. To the extent that the resulting rib cage deformation can influence the pleural pressure gradient, the observed shape changes provide a potential mechanism for early preferential emptying of the upper lobes and later more homogeneous emptying in forced, compared to slow, vital capacity maneuvers. Comparisons of shape changes during Valsalva and abdominal expiratory ("expulsive") maneuvers suggest that lower rib cage deformation may not simply be due to the action of rib cage muscles affecting predominantly the lateral rib cage but rather the results of diaphragmatic activity and the influence of abdominal shape on the lower rib cage.
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PMID:Chest wall shape during forced expiratory maneuvers. 720 95

An adult male Muscovy (Cairina moschata) X Peking (Anas platyrhynchos) duck had a primary malignant uveal melanoma with periocular extension involving the left eye. The periocular mass displaced the globe 1.5 cm laterally. Thoracic metastasis of the ocular neoplasm infiltrated the pectoral muscles, rib cage, and cranial lung lobe on the left side, causing diminished voluntary motion of the left wing. The left orbit was exenterated, but tumor regrowth was evident within 2 weeks. This case was unusual because melanocytic neoplasms are rare in birds.
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PMID:Uveal malignant melanoma in a duck. 777 38

The effects of thoracic epidural anesthesia on the performance of the parasternal intercostal muscles were investigated by measuring electromyographic activity and length changes of the parasternals (EMG activities and length, respectively, of the parasternals) in seven pentobarbital anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. Epidural injection of 0.1 mL/kg of 2% lidocaine decreased tidal volume and minute ventilation during unstimulated breathing. These changes were accompanied by complete abolishment of EMG activities of the parasternals and passive elongation of the parasternals during inspiration. At equivalent end-tidal PCO2 values (70 and 80 mm Hg) during CO2 rebreathing, tidal volume and minute ventilation were lower after epidural block compared to the corresponding values before the block. Thoracic epidural anesthesia impaired contraction of the parasternals and conceivably other respiratory muscles in the rib cage as well and could induce a distortion of the rib cage. The authors conclude that respiratory muscles in the rib cage contribute considerably to the maintenance of ventilation in anesthetized dogs.
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PMID:Thoracic epidural anesthesia causes rib cage distortion in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs. 836 50

The aim of this study was to determine whether tetraplegics can learn to activate accessory inspiratory muscles of the upper rib cage, and how this learning affects respiratory motion. Ten tetraplegics with lesional levels ranging from C5 to C7 were trained to increase the upper rib cage expansion during nine 20-min sessions. They were shown an electromyogram (EMG) feedback of the inspiratory muscles of the upper thorax and a signal indicating their current breathing phase (inspiration or expiration). The subjects were instructed to increase EMG during inspiration and to decrease it during expiration. Analysis of variance with session and respiratory phase as factors showed that the subjects progressively learned to increase inspiratory EMG. Thoracic motion, tidal volume and minute ventilation were correlated with inspiratory EMG and tended to increase as a function of practice. These preliminary results lend some support to the clinical use of EMG feedback in breathing therapy aimed at increasing thoracic motion and preventing or reducing paradoxical breathing in tetraplegics.
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PMID:Learned activation of thoracic inspiratory muscles in tetraplegics. 839 24

CD-1 mice were exposed in utero to one of 14 treatment regimes, several of them being replicated, with close agreement between series. Prenatal exposure to a teratogenic dose at a sensitive time enabled detection of 10 of 14 teratogen regimes by alterations in frequency or severity of a substantial number of the 88 variants in the Skeletal Variant Assay System (SVAS) screen when examined at 60-65 days post natal (DPN). These included 2,4,5-T (245T), Trifluralin (TFL), Maneb (MNB), Decamethrin (DMT), Acetazolamide (ACZM) either at 8 days post-coitus (DPC) or days 9-11 PC, trypan blue (TB), or 5' Bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) on either 7 DPC, 8 DPC, or 9 DPC. Most of these observations have been reported elsewhere. All of the treatment regimes mentioned above, and another group of treatments, could be detected in the exposed CD-1 cohorts when additional endpoints were employed. One such endpoint was "frequently responding variants." These were: Interfrontals (IF), Parted Frontals (PF), Preoptic Sutures (PS), Foramina Transversaria Imperfecta of the first cervical (C) vertebra (FTI C1), FTI of the axis (C2), Accessory (Acc) Transverse Foramina (TF) of C3-C6, malformations of C3-C7, Fourteen (14) Ribs, Carpal Fusions (Fus), Lumbar Fus, 27-Presacral Vertebrae (PSV), and Sacral Fus. This endpoint revealed significant differences in the initial group of 10, plus Captan (CAPT) and Phenytoin (DPH). Yet another useful endpoint reported here was the existence of high magnitude effects (i.e., dramatic alterations in frequency of occurrence of a variant). These included IF in TB and ACZM; PF in ACZM; PS in BUDR; FTI-C1 in TB and 245T; FTI-C2 in 245T; 14 Ribs in ACZM, BUDR, and TFL; Carpal Fus in TB; 27-PSV in ACZM; Fewer than (<) 30 Caudal Vertebrae (Vert) in 245T, TFL; Caudal Fus in TB, ACZM-D9. Eight treatment regimes in all could be detected by the existence of 3 or more high magnitude effects (245T, MNB, TB, ACZM8, ACZM9-11, phenytoin, and possibly BUDR on days 7 or 8, each seen in one of two series only). Clusters of related variants were affected in 9 of the 14 groups: Frontal (F) bones and C Vert in 245T; F bones in ACZM-D8; Fus in Posterior Vert Column in ACZM-D9-11; C Vert and Fus in Vert and articular skeleton in TB; Thoracic (Th) Vert and rib-cage effects in BUDR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Additional endpoints and overview of a mouse skeletal variant assay for detecting exposure to teratogens. 844 28

To evaluate the ventilatory consequences of high chest wall compliance during anesthesia in infants, we assessed the effects of halothane at different fractions of minimal alveolar concentration (0.75, 1.0, and 1.5 MAC) on ventilation and movements of the rib cage and abdomen in infants < or = 12 mo of age (group I) and children (group II) > or = 12 mo of age. Minute ventilation decreased in group I, (20.6%, 0.75 to 1.5 MAC), but the change in group II did not reach the level of statistical significance. Tidal volume decreased with halothane level between 0.75 and 1.5 MAC, and its fall was greater in group I (32.7 +/- 11.2 vs. 22.6 +/- 9.3% in group II, P < 0.05). Duty cycle, or ratio of inspiratory to total time (TI/TT), increased in group II with halothane level but did not change in group I, resulting in a decreased TI in group I at higher halothane levels. Thoracic paradox increased with halothane level in group I but not group II. The increase in thoracic paradox in association with the fall in tidal volume between 0.75 and 1.5 MAC was greater in group I than group II (P < 0.05). We conclude that smaller infants depend more on inspiratory intercostal muscle activity to stabilize the thorax, leading to a greater degree of depression of ventilation during halothane depression of inspiratory intercostal activity.
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PMID:Ventilation and thoracoabdominal asynchrony during halothane anesthesia in infants. 851 72

Thoracic impedance (TTI) and rib cage inductance band (IB) signals were measured in 10 patients during the first night after abdominal surgery, and compared by successive correlation of the change in each signal. Poor matching of the signals occurred, on average, for 94 min either because of movement of differences in the waveform. There were frequent episodes of transient poor correlation, generally associated with transient respiratory disturbance, predominantly airway obstruction (58%). Thoracic impedance measurements are simpler than inductance band methods for detecting rib cage movement and may be useful for large studies of respiratory abnormalities in patients after operation.
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PMID:Thoracic impedance used for measuring chest wall movement in postoperative patients. 894 3

To determine the role of mediastinal shift after pneumonectomy (PNX) on compensatory responses, we performed right PNX in adult dogs and replaced the resected lung with a custom-shaped inflatable silicone prosthesis. Prosthesis was inflated (Inf) to prevent mediastinal shift, or deflated (Def), allowing mediastinal shift to occur. Thoracic, lung air, and tissue volumes were measured by computerized tomography scan. Lung diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide (DL(CO)) and its components, membrane diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dm(CO)) and capillary blood volume (Vc), were measured at rest and during exercise by a rebreathing technique. In the Inf group, lung air volume was significantly smaller than in Def group; however, the lung became elongated and expanded by 20% via caudal displacement of the left hemidiaphragm. Consequently, rib cage volume was similar, but total thoracic volume was higher in the Inf group. Extravascular septal tissue volume was not different between groups. At a given pulmonary blood flow, DL(CO) and Dm(CO) were significantly lower in the Inf group, but Vc was similar. In one dog, delayed mediastinal shift occurred 9 mo after PNX; both lung volume and DL(CO) progressively increased over the subsequent 3 mo. We conclude that preventing mediastinal shift after PNX impairs recruitment of diffusing capacity but does not abolish expansion of the remaining lung or the compensatory increase in extravascular septal tissue volume.
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PMID:Preventing mediastinal shift after pneumonectomy does not abolish physiological compensation. 1090 51

A prospective study was undertaken to reconcile radiographic cardiomegaly and normal echocardiography in obese cats and to test a radiographic technique for better distinguishing between pericardial fat and the heart. Ten obese, but otherwise normal cats and 10 non-obese normal cats were used. A body condition scoring system was used to objectively group obese and non-obese normal cats. Two-dimensional echocardiograms were made to verify that all cats had a normal heart. Thoracic radiographs then were made using standard and altered exposure techniques. The hearts were measured on these radiographs using the metric and a vertebral scale system. Obese cats consistently had excessive fat around the heart especially if they also had a large amount of falciform fat. Altering exposure technique by increasing mAs and decreasing kVp sometimes enhanced the radiographic contrast between fat and myocardium. Enhanced radiographic contrast accentuated the double silhouette identifying the true cardiac silhouette within the fat expanded silhouette. Pericardial fat usually was distinguished more readily in lateral than in VD radiographs. In two cats, pericardial fat had a characteristic prominent square corner to the right cranial margin of the cardiac silhouette in VD radiographs. Obesity caused increased width and depth of the thoracic cage. 2D echocardiograms revealed normal cardiac dimensions in both groups of cats and increased precordial distance in the obese group.
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PMID:Radiographic and echocardiographic measurement of the heart in obese cats. 1095 93


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