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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Before the first experiences performed in space, it was already known that the lung and the chest are sensitive to gravity. In the vertical position, the weight of the lung causes top to bottom differences in ventilation, perfusion and gas exchange. Furthermore, the functional residual capacity is position dependent. Thoracic mechanics allows for the explanation of large modifications observed in weightlessness, such as a 40% increase of abdominal respiration. We review few results obtained in weightless conditions and will focus on those where the results were contradicted by predictions. For example, the classical indexes of ventilation inhomogeneity derived from the single and multiple inert gas washout are not sensitive to weightless conditions. These results led to the demonstration of the dependence of these indexes on the structure of the alveolar zone of the lung and found an application on the follow up of lung transplanted subjects and smokers. Contrary to predictions, lung tissue volume decreases after one week in space. The study of aerosol deposition has shown that particles of diameter between 0,5 and one micron diameter penetrate deeper than predicted in the lungs.
Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg 2006
PMID:[Contribution of weightlessness in respiratory physiology]. 1730 78

The degree to which mechanical ventilation induces ventilator-associated lung injury is dependent on the initial acute lung injury (ALI). Viral-induced ALI is poorly studied, and this study aimed to determine whether ALI induced by a clinically relevant infection is exacerbated by protective mechanical ventilation. Adult female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 10(4.5) plaque-forming units of influenza A/Mem/1/71 in 50 microl of medium or medium alone. This study used a protective ventilation strategy, whereby mice were anesthetized, tracheostomized, and mechanically ventilated for 2 h. Lung mechanics were measured periodically throughout the ventilation period using a modification of the forced oscillation technique to obtain measures of airway resistance and coefficients of tissue damping and tissue elastance. Thoracic gas volume was measured and used to obtain specific airway resistance, tissue damping, and tissue elastance. At the end of the ventilation period, a bronchoalveolar lavage sample was collected to measure inflammatory cells, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and protein leak. Influenza infection caused significant increases in inflammatory cells, protein leak, and deterioration in lung mechanics that were not exacerbated by mechanical ventilation, in contrast to previous studies using bacterial and mouse-specific viral infection. This study highlighted the importance of type and severity of lung injury in determining outcome following mechanical ventilation.
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PMID:Protective mechanical ventilation does not exacerbate lung function impairment or lung inflammation following influenza A infection. 1974 94