Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

75 out of 77 children surviving IRDS with the aid of intermittent positive pressure ventilation have been followed up by age 2.6-7.6 years together with 68 matched controls. The morbidity of lower respiratory tract illnesses was significantly higher in IRDS survivors than in controls affecting a total of 48%, half whom were admitted to hospital on at least on occasion. Only 3 IRDS survivors had pneumonias beyound their third year, however. One child suffered from a moderate stridor due to a partial laryngeal stenosis and one from some dyspnoea at function caused by broncho-pulmonary dysplasia. Thoracic X-ray changes were found significantly more often and more marked in IRDS survivors but on the whole the changes were discrete. Neither the occurrence of pneumonia nor X-ray changes in the IRDS survivors were statistically relatable to a number of neonatal or therapeutical characteristics. Measurements of heart volume, respiratory frequency, oxygen saturation and acid-base values did not differ between the groups. Ventilated IRDS survivors, even with some degree of radiographic demonstrable residua, thus seem to have a good long-term prognosis with regard to lung function, irrespective of a preliminary high morbidity of lower respiratory tract illnesses.
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PMID:Long term prognosis of infants with severe idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. II. Cardio-pulmonary outcome. 34 87

Thoracic gas volume, airway resistance (Raw), and dynamic lung compliance (CL) were measured in 48 infants surviving after hyaline membrane disease. Some infants were found to have a small reduction in CL after recovery from the acute phase of the illness but no other abnormalities were detected, irrespective of the type of treatment received. When studied again between the ages of 4 and 10 months, CL had returned to normal, but all infants who had been treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) during the neonatal period were found to have developed a raised Raw. In contrast, all nonventilated infants, including those who had received up to five days of oxygen therapy in concentrations above 80%, had normal lung function. We conclude that IPPV, and not the increased inspired oxygen concentration, damaged the airways and interfered with their growth.
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PMID:Airway resistance in infants after various treatments for hyaline membrane disease: special emphasis on prolonged high levels of inspired oxygen. 34 7

Rats were subjected to 3,500 r of X-irradiation in a single dose while breathing oxygen at 1 ATM pressure. Comparison was made between the delayed effects of irradiating thoracic, lumbar, and the cauda equina fields. The lumbar field involved the alpha-motoneurons and spinal roots supplying the sciatic nerve, while the cauda equina field involved these spinal roots but spared the alpha-motoneurons in the spinal cord. Thoracic irradiation produced paraplegia after an interval of 127-150 days. In the irradiated zone, the spinal cord was severely damaged, but the thoracic spinal roots were spared. Lumbar irradiation produced paraplegia after an interval of 83-211 days. In the irradiated zone, the alpha-motoneurons were largely spared, the spinal cord showed mild to moderate white matter damage, but the most severe damage was of the lumbosacral spinal roots. The posterior roots were more affected than the anterior. In longer interval cases the degeneration of the roots appeared to be due to focal devitalization. Evidence is advanced that root degeneration had been progressing for at least 4 weeks before the onset of paraplegia. In the cauda equina series the lumbosacral spinal root changes were similar to those in the lumbar series. This study indicates that different levels of the neuraxis have different degrees of susceptibility to X-irradiation. The thoracic cord appears more susceptible than the lumbosacral; the lumbosacral roots appear more susceptible than the thoracic; the posterior roots are more susceptible than the anterior. These findings may have relevance to the study of radiation damage in man, even though the dose schedule used in this experimental study differs greatly from that used for radiotherapy.
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PMID:Delayed myeloradiculopathy produced by spinal X-irradiation in the rat. 83 11

1. Mean thoracic temperature of free-flying H. lineata in the field and in the laboratory increased from about 40 degrees C at Ta=16 degrees C to 42-5 degrees C at Ta=32 degrees C. At a given Ta, thoracic temperature was independent of body weight and weakly correlated with wing loading. 2. The difference between abdominal temperature and air temperature increased from 2 degrees C at low Ta to 4-2 degrees C at high Ta. At a given Ta, the difference between Tab and Ta was positively correlated with thoracic temperature. 3. Oxygen consumption per unit weight did not appear to vary with Ta from 15 to 30 degrees C and was inversely proportional to body weight. 4. Thermal conductance of the abdomen (Cab) was greater than thermal conductance of the thorax (Cth) in still air and at wind velocities up to 2-5 m/s. In moving air at speeds approximating flight, Cth was twice as high as in still air. Under the same conditions Cab was 3-4 times as high as in still air. 5. Thoracic and abdominal conductance are inversely proportional to their respective weights. 6. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that thoracic temperature is controlled by regulation of heat loss. However, a heat budget derived from these data suggests that heat dissipation may not be sufficient to offset the decrease in passive cooling of the thorax at high ambient temperatures.
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PMID:Flight energetics in sphinx moths: heat production and heat loss in Hyles lineata during free flight. 93 32

A criterion based audit was performed on 90 admissions with acute asthma to a specialist respiratory unit using the guidelines set by the British Thoracic Society. Three main areas were audited including: documentation of severity markers in the case notes on admission, acute treatment given on admission, and further investigations performed. Case notes were found to be deficient in documentation of objective severity markers such as peak expiratory flow rate (52% recorded) and blood gases (72% recorded), as well as subjective markers such as speech (27%), air entry (58%) and exhaustion (4%). Of the total 90 admissions, 78% were identified as having at least three out of five objective markers for acute severe asthma. Most of these severe cases (93%) were given corticosteroids but none were prescribed greater than 35% concentration of inspired oxygen. The majority of admissions had a chest radiograph (87%), and 56% had measurement of serum potassium. These results show that even in a specialised respiratory unit, guidelines such as those produced by the British Thoracic Society are not in general being adhered to. It also indicates that assessment of severity is inadequate, particularly for peak flow measurement, and that management is deficient in established treatments such as the use of high flow oxygen. As a result of the audit, a severity marker stamp for the case notes along with guidelines for treatment have been implemented in order to improve the quality of care delivered to patients admitted with acute asthma.
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PMID:An audit of acute asthma admissions to a respiratory unit. 139 86

Twenty-four healthy dogs > 8 years old were recruited. In each instance, arterial blood gas tensions were analyzed. The alveolar-to-arterial oxygen gradient (P[A-a]O2) was calculated to assess adequacy of pulmonary gas exchange. Thoracic radiographs were evaluated to ensure lack of visible signs of pulmonary disease and that lung features were similar to those in aged dogs of previous reports. Unlike findings in aged human beings, arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) was not decreased in this group of aged dogs (mean +/- SD, 102.9 +/- 7.8 mm of Hg). Similarly, P(A-a)O2 also was not increased. The thoracic radiographic findings were consistent with those of previous reports of pulmonary changes in aged dogs. The extent of radiographic abnormalities and the PaO2 were not correlated.
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PMID:Arterial blood gas tensions in healthy aged dogs. 145 12

Pulmonary diffusing capacity (DICO), together with spirometric variables, arterial oxygen tension (paO2) and cardiac output were determined before and at intervals after maximal arm cranking, treadmill running and ergometer rowing. Independent of the type of exercise, D1CO increased immediately post-exercise from a median 13.6 (range 7.3-16.3) to 15.1 (9.3-19.6) mmol min-1 kPa-1 (P < 0.01). However, it decreased to 11.6 (6.9-15.5) mmol min-1 kPa-1 (P < 0.01) after 24 h with cardiac output and paO2 at resting values, and D1CO normalized after 20 h. Thoracic electrical impedance at 2.5 and 100 kHz increased slightly post-exercise, indicating a decrease in thoracic fluid balance, and there were no echocardiographic signs of left ventricular failure at the time of the decrease in D1CO. Also, active muscle (limb) circumference and volume, and an increase in haematocrit from 43.8 (38.0-47.0) to 47.1 (42.7-49.8) (P < 0.01), had normalized at the time of the decrease in D1CO. Vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak and peak mid-expiratory flows did not change. However, total lung capacity increased from 6.8 (5.0-7.6) to 7.0 (5.1-7.8) litres (P < 0.05) immediately after exercise and remained elevated at 6.9 (5.1-8.7) litres (P < 0.05) when a decrease in D1CO was noted. The results demonstrate that independent of the type of maximal exercise, an approximate 15% reduction in D1CO takes place 2-3 h post-exercise, which normalizes during the following day of recovery.
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PMID:Recovery of pulmonary diffusing capacity after maximal exercise. 148 98

Patients scheduled for vascular surgery are considered at risk for perioperative cardiac complications. Choice of anesthetic in such patients is guided by a desire not to adversely affect myocardial function. On the basis of data from laboratory studies, thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) has been advocated to prevent myocardial ischemia. The aim of this study was to assess whether TEA combined with general anesthesia has any effect on segmental wall motion (SWM) monitored by transesophageal echocardiography in these patients. Patients received alfentanil, midazolam, vecuronium, and 50% N2O in oxygen, and ventilation was controlled after orotracheal intubation; 12.5 mL of 2% lidocaine HCl was injected through an epidural catheter placed at T6-7 or T7-8. Hemodynamic measurements and transesophageal echocardiographic recordings were obtained before and 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 min after lidocaine injection. Segmental wall motion was graded a posteriori by two independent experts on a predetermined scale (from 1 = normal to 5 = dyskinesia). A decrease greater than or equal to 2 grades was considered an SWM abnormality indicative of ischemia. Thoracic epidural anesthesia induced a decrease in systemic arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and cardiac index. The SWM score decreased slightly from 1.34 +/- 0.68 to 1.27 +/- 0.64 (mean +/- SD) (at 10 and 20 min, respectively) (P less than 0.05). Patients were a posteriori analyzed according to whether they had documented coronary artery disease or not. The SWM score before TEA was significantly higher in patients with documented coronary artery disease (1.51 +/- 0.88 vs 1.17 +/- 0.51, respectively; P less than 0.05) and did not change significantly after TEA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of thoracic epidural anesthesia combined with general anesthesia on segmental wall motion assessed by transesophageal echocardiography. 151 Feb 52

Mechanical assisted ventilation for neonatal respiratory failure is associated with residual lung disease. Because ECMO rests the lungs, it has been suggested that ECMO will prevent chronic lung disease in survivors. To determine whether or not ECMO survivors have evidence of pulmonary sequelae, we studied 19 infants who were treated with ECMO for neonatal respiratory failure. Ten infants still required supplemental oxygen or pulmonary medications or both to treat clinical lung disease during the first six months of life. Thoracic gas volume was normal. Pulmonary mechanics in ECMO survivors were compared with those of 13 preterm infants with BPD at similar age. We conclude that a significant proportion of ECMO survivors have residual abnormalities in pulmonary mechanics at 6 months of age. We speculate that neonatal lung injury due to meconium aspiration and other causes is a more important determinant of abnormal pulmonary sequelae than the method of treatment.
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PMID:Pulmonary sequelae at six months following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 155 25

Body temperatures, metabolic rate, haemostatic parameters, and cardiovascular reactions to thoracic skin cooling were compared between incubating (broody) and non-broody Bantam hens. Under resting conditions, without thoracic skin cooling, cardiac output of broody hens was twice that of non-broody hens. However, their metabolic rate (VO2) was increased by only one-third over that of non-broody hens, and the arteriovenous difference in oxygen concentration was smaller for broody birds. This indicates a higher rate of non-nutrient blood flow during incubation. A higher thoracic skin temperature (Tths) for broody hens compared to non-broody hens suggests that brood patches are the probable site of this increased flow through arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs). Thoracic skin cooling increased metabolic rate and Q significantly more in broody hens, but did not increase AVA blood flow. The relation between metabolic rate and total peripheral resistance indicated more intense vasodilation for broody hens at the relatively low metabolic rates during moderate cooling, and more intense vasoconstriction for the broody hens at the high metabolic rates during stronger cooling. This corresponds to Tths measurements indicating dilation of brood patch AVAs with moderate cooling and AVA constriction with severe cooling. During moderate cooling, vasoconstriction in the feet and wattles of broody hens (but not of non-broody hens) freed non-nutrient blood flow for redistribution to the brood patches. Thus, the cardiovascular system of the hen seems to adjust to the special demands of incubation by a permanent increase of AVA flow in the brood patch, and by an additional capacity for brood patch vasodilation induced by cold stimuli in the range from 35 to 25 degrees C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardiovascular responses to thoracic skin cooling: comparison of incubating and non-incubating Bantam hens. 156 Jan 17


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