Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vascular dysmorphogenesis is usually investigated by invasive microdissection or time-consuming reconstruction of serial sections. Stereomicroangiography (SMA) was used for detection and analysis of vascular abnormalities in a murine trisomy 13 model demonstrating pulmonary atresia. Twenty-two litters from doubly heterozygous Robertsonian translocation Rb(6.13)3Rma/Rb(5.13)70Lub male matings to NMRI females were studied. Embryos (13-17 days gestation) were prepared by umbilical vein perfusion with buffered fixative and umbilical artery perfusion with 5% AgNO3. After immersion fixation specimens were infiltrated with paraffin, mounted on stubs, and stereoradiographed at multiple angles. Transverse serial sections were prepared of the thoracic area. Thoracic vascular morphology was satisfactorily imaged and trisomy 13 embryos were correctly distinguished from normals in 105 of 120 embryos (87.5%). When independent SMA and histologic interpretations were compared anomalous vasculature was correctly identified in all 27 trisomic embryos and one control, and falsely interpreted in one normal embryo. Normal vascular morphology was demonstrated in the remaining 76 normal embryos. Separate SEM evaluation of five microdissected hearts from nontrisomic embryos following this perfusion schedule showed normal distension of the ventricular cavity and metallic silver deposition on the surface and at junctions of endocardial cells. Light microscopy revealed silver staining at the endothelial surface and within the endocardial cushions. SMA accurately records embryonic vascular morphology for rapid screening of viable embryos.
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PMID:Stereomicroangiography in embryologic and teratologic investigation. 376 70

Pleurodesis provoked by instillation of silver nitrate as prevention against recurrence in primary spontaneous pneumothorax has been used for many years in the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen. The treatment was originally instituted on a theoretical empiric basis. In a prospective, controlled investigation of pleurodesis versus simple drainage the empiric observations have been confirmed. With simple drainage we found ipsilateral recurrence of pneumothorax in 45%, while no recurrences in the pleurodesis group were found during an observation period of 5-19 months. The difference was statistically significant. The therapeutical gain using pleurodesis was 45% +/- 30%. Silver nitrate pleurodesis results in a longer hospitalization, raises the number of pleurocentesis because of increased pleural effusion and results in more pain than simple drainage. It is, however, our experience that the considerable therapeutical gain more than compensates for these negative effects. We recommend pleurodesis as the treatment of choice in primary spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with only tiny blebs on the surface of the lungs.
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PMID:Silver nitrate pleurodesis in spontaneous pneumothorax. 675 38

Prior attempts at in vivo reversible vagal denervation of the gastrointestinal tract have been limited to cervical cooling techniques that also denervate both sympathetic and vagal pulmonary and cardiac branches. Denervation of vagal efferent fibers at this level has produced results that are inconsistent with those obtained after surgical truncal vagotomy. We have, therefore, developed a technique to provide reversible vagal denervation below the pulmonary and cardiac branches for the study of gastric motility. Five dogs, previously equipped with gastric strain gages and electrodes, underwent implantation of a tubular cooling jacket around a distal thoracic vagal trunk with contralateral vagotomy (4 dogs), or around both vagal trunks (1 dog). The jacket was made of stainless steel tubing in a "J" design. Its inside channel was lined with a sterling silver sheet, and a thermistor was attached to record temperature change. Silicone tubing coursed externally to a pump and flask to which 95% ethanol at -70 degrees C was circulated at variable speeds. Thoracic vagal cooling, extending up to 5 h, reversibly blocked gastric contractions induced by insulin hypoglycemia. Contractile waves were terminated at device temperatures of 2 degrees-6 degrees C but promptly returned with warming. Dogs were tranquil during denervation, and enclosed nerves remained functional for greater than 40 days.
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PMID:Reversible truncal vagotomy in conscious dogs. 687 4

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major public health problem in the United States that is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Of the therapeutic modalities available to treat AF, the use of percutaneous catheter ablation of AF is expanding rapidly. Randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy and safety of AF ablation are currently underway; however, such trials can only partially determine the safety and durability of the effect of the procedure in routine clinical practice, in more complex patients, and over a broader range of techniques and operator experience. These limitations of randomized trials of AF ablation, particularly with regard to safety issues, could be addressed using a synergistically structured national registry, which is the intention of the SAFARI. To facilitate discussions about objectives, challenges, and steps for such a registry, the Cardiac Safety Research Consortium and the Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, in collaboration with the US Food and Drug Administration, the American College of Cardiology, and the Heart Rhythm Society, organized a Think Tank meeting of experts in the field. Other participants included the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the Society of Thoracic Surgeons, the AdvaMed AF working group, and additional industry representatives. The meeting took place on April 27 to 28, 2009, at the US Food and Drug Administration headquarters in Silver Spring, MD. This article summarizes the issues and directions presented and discussed at the meeting.
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PMID:Planning the Safety of Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Registry Initiative (SAFARI) as a Collaborative Pan-Stakeholder Critical Path Registry Model: a Cardiac Safety Research Consortium "Incubator" Think Tank. 2010 62

Histopathological analysis of lung biopsy material allows the diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias; however, the strength of this diagnosis is sometimes subverted by interobserver variation and sampling. The American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society recommendations of 2002 provide a framework for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and proposed an integrated clinical, radiological and histopathological approach. These recommendations represent a break with tradition by replacing the 'gold standard' of histopathology with the combined 'silver standards' of clinical, imaging and histopathological information. One of the pitfalls of a rigid classification system for the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease is its failure to accommodate the phenomenon of overlapping disease patterns. This article reviews the various ways that interstitial lung disease may be classified and discusses their applicability. In addition the issue of overlap disease patterns is considered in the context of histopathological interobserver variation and sampling error and how a pigeonhole approach to disease classification may overlook these hybrid entities.
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PMID:Diffuse interstitial lung disease: overlaps and uncertainties. 2020 44

A 1-year and 7-months-old neutered male toy poodle was presented with persistent respiratory distress, gradual weight loss and melaena. Thoracic radiography showed an unstructured interstitial lung pattern. Histopathological examination of tissues collected at necropsy examination revealed disseminated infection by Pneumocystis carinii. The organisms were detected in the lungs, lymph nodes, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. In the lungs, the organisms were present in the alveolar space and interstitial tissue, and calcified foci containing P. carinii were observed. The presence of the organism in non-thoracic lymph nodes provided evidence of lymphogenous spread. A definitive diagnosis of disseminated pneumocystosis was achieved through the use of Grocott methenamine silver staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and polymerase chain reaction for P. carinii. Depletion of cells expressing immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG was confirmed by IHC of lymphoid tissue, suggesting possible underlying immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Disseminated Pneumocystosis in a Toy Poodle. 3213 48