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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated the prevalence of asthma and its predictors in studies of several male working groups: 619 cedar sawmill, 724 grain elevator, 399 pulpmill, 798 aluminum smelter, and 1,127 unexposed workers. These workers had taken part in health studies for assessment of chronic respiratory effects of various workplace exposures between 1979 and 1982. The American Thoracic Society Adult Questionnaire (ATS-DLD-78) was used for these studies. Allergy skin tests were also performed. The participation rates were > 80%. The overall prevalance of physician-diagnosed asthma was 4.6%, and current asthma 3%. The prevalence of asthma after employment in the current industry, as a surrogate for work-related asthma, was 3.9 times higher in cedar sawmill workers, 2.2 times higher in pulpmill and aluminum smelter workers, and 1.7 times higher in grain elevator workers compared with unexposed workers. Atopy and a positive parental history of asthma, but not smoking, were important risk factors for asthma before the onset of first employment. Also, for asthma after employment in the current industry, atopy and a positive parental history of asthma were important risk factors. Smoking was associated with a significant reduction in the risk for asthma after employment in the current industry. Within specific work groups, the prevalence of atopy was significantly higher among pulpmill workers with asthma after employment in current industry than those without asthma. Conversely, cedar sawmill workers who had asthma after employment in the current industry were nonatopic and nonsmokers.
Am J Ind Med 1995 Sep
PMID:Prevalence and predictors of asthma in working groups in British Columbia. 748 94

This article presents the examination of 78 accidents in horseback riding, referring to their origin and kind of injury. It was found that 76% of all injuries did not occur during the active phase of riding, but in the time just before and right after it. Children without any experience in horseback riding were most susceptible to injuries. Referring to lesions occurring before and after the active phase, the longer extremity was predominantly involved (40%); furthermore, the skull was injured in 18% and the hand in 14% of all lesions. During the active phase of horseback riding, skull injuries increased to 34%. Thoracic and spinal lesions occurred in 15% each. The frequency of all lesions shows a reversed proportional dependence on the amount of experience in this sport. Severity of the accidents increases significantly with increasing demand on performance. In consideration of these studies the thesis can be advanced that coordinated prevention directly before and after the active riding phase can decrease the frequency of all accidents and especially the involvement of the lower extremity and the skull.
Sportverletz Sportschaden 1995 Sep
PMID:[Injuries in horseback riding--incidence and causes]. 750 17

Diabetes is known to cause impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of blood vessels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether this endothelial dysfunction is a permanent defect or is reversible after acute arginine supplementation in vitro or by surgical intervention in vivo using syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation. Lewis rats were injected with streptozotocin to induce diabetes and were studied either 8 or 12 weeks later. Another group received syngeneic islets via intraportal injection at 8 weeks of diabetes and were allowed to become euglycemic for 4 weeks before study. Thoracic aortic rings were tethered in isolated muscle baths, contracted with a submaximal concentration of norepinephrine, and challenged with either the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine or the endothelium-independent vasodilator nitroglycerin. Relaxation to acetylcholine (but not nitroglycerin) was reduced in both 8- and 12-week diabetic rings compared with age-matched control rings. Preincubation of diabetic rings in vitro with L-arginine (but not D-arginine) restored relaxation to acetylcholine to normal to rings from 8-week but not 12-week diabetic animals. Plasma basic amino acids (arginine, lysine, and histidine) were reduced by diabetes, whereas other neutral or acidic amino acids were unchanged (phenylalanine, proline, and glutamate), reduced (serine, cysteine, threonine, tyrosine, tryptophan, and aspartate), or elevated (isoleucine, leucine, and valine). Islet transplantation restored to normal the changes in plasma amino acids. Elevation in blood glucose and total glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic animals was normalized after islet transplantation. Furthermore, islet transplantation completely restored the defective endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine in diabetic rings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Diabetes 1995 Sep
PMID:Syngeneic pancreatic islet transplantation reverses endothelial dysfunction in experimental diabetes. 765 36

Medical records of 117 dogs with digit masses were reviewed. Of 124 digit masses, 76 (61%) were malignant neoplasms, 25 (20%) were benign neoplasms, and 23 (19%) were pyogranulomatous inflammation. Of 29 digits with radiographic evidence of bone lysis, 24 (83%) were affected by malignant masses, whereas only 5 of 29 (17%) digits with radiographic evidence of bone lysis were affected by benign or pyogranulomatous masses. Only 1 of 19 (5%) dogs with melanoma had radiographic evidence of lysis, but 20 of 25 (80%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had radiographic evidence of bone lysis. Thoracic radiographs of 95 dogs were available. Six of 19 (32%) dogs with melanoma had radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis, whereas 3 of 24 (13%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma had radiographic evidence of pulmonary metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Twenty-nine digit neoplasms were squamous cell carcinoma, and 19 of 29 (66%) arose from the subungual epithelium. Of 19 dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating from the subungual epithelium, 18 (95%) survived for at least 1 year, whereas only 6 of 10 (60%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating in other parts of the digit survived for at least 1 year. Furthermore, of 19 dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating from the subungual epithelium, 14 (74%) survived at least 2 years, whereas only 4 of 9 (44%) dogs with squamous cell carcinoma originating in other parts of the digit survived for 2 years. Dogs with melanoma of the digits had a median survival time of 12 months, with 10 of 24 (42%) alive at 1 year and 3 of 23 (13%) alive at 2 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Am Vet Med Assoc 1995 Sep 15
PMID:Evaluation of dogs with digit masses: 117 cases (1981-1991). 765 70

A 37-year-old man who had suffered a thoracic trauma presented night release of whitish urine 2 years later. Thoracic computed tomography and aortography demonstrated an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Lymphography confirmed the compression of the thoracic duct by the aneurysm. After surgical repair the patient has remained asymptomatic.
Ann Thorac Surg 1995 Sep
PMID:Thoracic aneurysm as a cause of chyluria: resolution by surgical treatment. 767 3

There is no consensus about reproducibility and reliability of spirometry in young children. We evaluated forced expiratory maneuvers from 98 children aged 3 to 5 years with a variety of respiratory disorders before and after bronchodilator treatment. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) were analyzed for reproducibility by the American Thoracic Society criteria and for reliability based on the coefficient of variation (CV%). Over 90% of the patients cooperated, however, while 95% could exhale for at least 1 second, very few generated an FEV1 on all 6 "best" efforts. This clearly improved with age. Of all patients nearly 60% performed reproducible pre- and postbronchodilator sets of FVC but only 32% performed reproducible sets of FEV1. Based on the CV%, those patients who could reproducibly perform an FVC and FEV1 did it quite reliably (mean CV%, 9.38 and 7.01 for FVC and FEV1, respectively). We conclude that while some very young children can perform spirometry, reliability of performance cannot be assumed in this age group.
Pediatr Pulmonol 1994 Sep
PMID:Forced expiratory maneuvers in children aged 3 to 5 years. 780 Apr 30

The purpose of this study was to characterize the cellular responses in the peritoneal cavity and draining lymph in a sterile peritonitis model in conscious sheep. Lymph was collected from lymphatics that drained the peritoneal space (caudal mediastinal and thoracic ducts) as well as from lymph vessels that drained peripheral tissues (prescapular). Casein was used as the inflammatory agent. Dialysis solution (Dianeal 4.25%) containing 1g% casein and 25 microCi 125I-human serum albumin was infused into the peritoneal cavity in 50 ml/kg volumes. Peritoneal volumes increased from a mean infused volume of 1572 +/- 51 ml to a maximum of 2119 +/- 77 ml at 3 hours. Over 6 hours, the number of macrophages and lymphocytes in the peritoneal cavity remained relatively constant but the number of neutrophils increased from 9.9 +/- 4.2 x 10(7) to 9.2 +/- 1.9 x 10(9) total cells. Caudal lymph which drains directly from the peritoneal cavity through diaphragmatic stomata, demonstrated a 5 fold increase in flow rate over 6 hours following the Dianeal-casein infusion. Thoracic duct and prescapular flows declined approximately 70% and 50% respectively in the same time period. the concentration of lymphocytes and the lymphocyte outputs (product of volume and concentration) declined in all lymph compartments. No elevations in neutrophil numbers in the thoracic and prescapular lymph compartments were observed but neutrophil output in the caudal lymph increased steadily from 3.1 +/- 1.5 x 10(6) to 4.6 +/- 1.3 x 10(7)/hr at the 6 hour mark. We conclude that the major route of removal of inflammatory cells and fluid from the peritoneal cavity is through diaphragmatic lymphatics.
Lymphology 1994 Sep
PMID:Lymph flow and lymphatic drainage of inflammatory cells from the peritoneal cavity in a casein-peritonitis model in sheep. 780 84

There are many factors resulting in a changing pattern of pneumonia. This varies from the impact of an aging population, patients surviving longer with underlying chronic disease, severe illness, and various causes of immunosuppression and the effect of new investigations, new antibiotics, and the recognition of new pathogens. Numerous studies have been performed over the last few years regarding the cause and outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Marked variation in results has been seen related to the criteria used for defining and diagnosing pneumonia, the population studied, and the use of differing investigations and diagnostic criteria. This is particularly apparent when comparing the different incidence of pneumococcal infection as a cause of CAP in studies from different parts of the world. Extrapolation of the findings from the multicenter British Thoracic Society (BTS) study of pneumonia suggests that pneumococcal infection is more common than several studies suggest. Having said that, it is clear from examination of the many studies that CAP is a diverse disease and that different part of the world will have to develop individual management strategies based on a critical analysis of the best available study data appropriate to their local or national situation.
Semin Respir Infect 1994 Sep
PMID:An overview of community acquired pneumonia with lessons learned from the British Thoracic Society Study. 783 37

Maximal expiratory flow-volume and volume-time curves were studied with a rolling-sealed, computer-based pulmonary function analyzer in 354 nonsmoking healthy Chinese (210 men and 144 women) aged 18-78 years. The testing procedures were in accordance with those recommended by the American Thoracic Society. Both volume and flow rate parameters had a negative correlation with age and had a positive correlation with height in both sexes except for FEV1/FVC. The coefficients of variation (CV) for FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC were much smaller than those for PEFR, Vmax75, Vmax50 and Vmax25, with FEV1/FVC having the lowest CV. Prediction equations of FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75%, Vmax75, Vmax50 and Vmax25 were generated for Chinese aged 20-80 years, using age, height and body weight as independent variables, to define normal reference values. A comparison of the predicted values for FVC and FEV1, with those calculated from the equations developed in this laboratory 15 years ago, reveal that the present set of equations have higher values for the younger age group for FVC and FEV1 but lower values for the elderly of both sexes, except for FVC in men. The predicted values for Vmax50 and Vmax25 in the present study were also lower than those of the previous survey. Better nutritional status, improved respiratory muscle strength, increased body size in women and a prolonged life-expectancy, which made the inclusion of more elderly subjects possible, were attributed to explain the differences observed between these two studies.
J Formos Med Assoc 1993 Sep
PMID:[Re-evaluation of the ventilatory function in a normal Chinese: comparison with the results of a survey conducted 15 years ago]. 790 68

The pathogenesis of paraplegia after repair of thoracic aortic aneurysms is controversial. Using direct spinal cord evoked potential monitoring, critical intercostal arteries (CICA) were identified to evaluate the impact of backbleeding and ligation versus that of preservation during simulated aneurysm repair. Thirty pigs (40 kg) were randomly assigned to one of five groups. In groups 1 through 4, a thoracic segment containing CICA was cross-clamped for 60 minutes and distal aortic perfusion was provided by a centrifugal pump. In groups 1 and 2, the thoracic segment was vented, maintaining segment pressure at 0 mm Hg; CICA were ligated in group 1 and preserved in group 2. Thoracic segment was perfused at 70 mm Hg in groups 3 and 4; CICA were ligated in group 3 and preserved in group 4. Critical intercostal artery ligations were performed at the end of the cross-clamp period. In group 5 simple cross-clamping at the left subclavian artery was performed as a control. The combination of venting and ligation of CICA correlated with impaired neurologic outcome according to Tarlov's score (median, 1.5 in group 1 versus 3 in group 2; p = 0.015), indicated by a significant difference in median values of direct spinal cord evoked potential amplitude (expressed as a fraction of baseline values) at 120 minutes after cross-clamping (0.76 in group 1 versus 0.98 in group 2; p = 0.0082).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ann Thorac Surg 1994 Sep
PMID:Pathogenesis of spinal cord injury during simulated aneurysm repair in a chronic animal model. 794 90


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