Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on pulmonary function data collected annually for six years on 540 Vermont granite workers, FEV1 in survey 1 was estimated by extrapolating back from subsequent measurements. The extrapolation method was found to fit the observed data of subjects with reproducible initial values very well (R2 = 0.87). Extrapolated FEV1s for workers unable to perform an adequate pulmonary function test according to the standards of the American Thoracic Society were compared to extrapolated values in the rest of the cohort. After adjusting for confounding, subjects with test failure in survey 1 had a lower extrapolated FEV1 than the rest of the cohort (p = 0.07). The mean extrapolated FEV1 of the 71 workers with an initial test failure was only 95% of a predicted value derived from the group with reproducible data, and the per cent predicted decreased from 98% to 71% as the number of test failures in the follow-up surveys increased (p = 0.0004). The American Thoracic Society and the Epidemiology Standardization Project currently recommend that test failures be excluded from the analysis of epidemiological data. Our findings suggest that alternative strategies for handling non-reproducible lung function may need to be explored in order to avoid selection bias.
Int J Epidemiol 1986 Sep
PMID:Estimation of ventilatory capacity in subjects with unacceptable lung function tests. 377 Oct 69

Thoracic trauma induces pulmonary injury by functional as well as by structural damage. Injury at the cellular level causes changes seen 24 to 48 hours after initial trauma. Treatment should be aimed at stabilizing the patient upon initial presentation, and one should be aware of potential problems that may arise as the injury progresses. An animal with tracheobronchial tree injury is usually presented a few days after the initial injury with a client complaint of dyspnea. The only treatment is surgical repair.
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 1985 Sep
PMID:Thoracic trauma. Newer concepts. 387 25

Immunoblot analyses have been performed on extracts prepared from Drosophila melanogaster. Those analyses have revealed two subunit forms of enzyme glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) in larval tissues and in adult abdominal tissues. Thoracic tissue, which accounts for the bulk of the adult GPDH, has only one subunit form, the smaller. The two subunit forms differ by approximately 2400 daltons. In agreement with previous genetic and biochemical data indicating that this enzyme is encoded by a single structural gene, analyses of extracts prepared from a strain carrying a GPDH null mutation detect no GPDH polypeptides in larvae or adults. Similarly, analyses of extracts prepared from a strain carrying a mutation which produces a GPDH polypeptide that differs in size from wild-type reveal a change in the adult thoracic GPDH polypeptide as well as a change in both GPDH polypeptides found in larvae. Total Drosophila RNA prepared from larvae or newly eclosed adults has been translated in a mRNA-dependent cell-free system. GDPH was immunoprecipitated from the translation products and analyzed. Two subunit forms of GPDH were immunoprecipitated from translation products whose synthesis was directed by larval RNA and only one was detected in the polypeptides synthesized from adult RNA. The GPDH polypeptides synthesized in vitro are approximately the same size as the corresponding polypeptides found in vivo. The relative proportion of total GPDH represented by each subunit form synthesized in vitro is similar to those found in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
EMBO J 1985 Sep
PMID:Developmentally regulated alternate modes of expression of the Gpdh locus of Drosophila. 393 31

The pattern of pulmonary involvement from ovarian cancer was evaluated in 357 patients who were seen at the Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1966 to 1975. Thoracic involvement by tumor was found in 169 patients (44.5%), a figure considerably higher than in previous reports. Pleural effusions were present in nearly 75% of patients who had thoracic involvement. Only 73% of the effusions contained identifiable malignant cells. Solid metastases to the pulmonary parenchyma were present in 12.3% of the patients; lymphangitic and nodal spread was observed in only 1% of the patients. The incidence of metastases did not correlate with tumor histologic features. Five-year survival figures were 29% for the control group; 5.6% of the patients who had evidence of thoracic involvement were alive after 5 years compared with a 49% 5-year survival of those patients with no evidence of thoracic involvement. Right-sided lesions produced thoracic metastases more frequently than left-sided lesions. No significant differences with respect to age, race, menopause, smoking history, or autopsy rate were found between those patients with and without pulmonary metastasis. Chest x-ray was found to be of great value in determining pulmonary metastasis; only 6% of patients who were proven by autopsy to have spread of cancer to the thoracic cavity had a chest x-ray that did not show malignancy. The majority of these ten patients had lymphangitic or microvascular disease. No cases of second primary occurring in the lung were noted in this review, although two case reports have appeared in the literature. Only three patients with pulmonary involvement by tumor had no other evidence of Stage IV disease.
Cancer 1985 Sep 01
PMID:Pulmonary metastases in ovarian cancer. Analysis of 357 patients. 401 9

Thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from normal rats will restore a primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in irradiated recipients and cause a graft-versus-host reaction in F(1) hybrid rats; lymphocytes from rats immunized with either tetanus toxoid or dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin (DNP BGG) will generate specific antibody after cell transfer and challenge. The ability of TDL to mediate each of these responses is severely depressed by giving a single intravenous dose of the specific antigen shortly before cannulation of the thoracic duct, although the lymphocyte donors themselves respond normally. The injection of antigen does not decrease the output of lymphocytes in the thoracic duct and the effect is specific for the antigen injected. The findings are most readily accounted for by assuming that small subpopulations of specific lymphocytes are selected from the recirculating pool by antigen which has localized in lymphoid tissue. The observation that passive antibody abolishes selection by SRBC supports this interpretation. The strong selection exerted by a subcutaneous injection of SRBC in Freund's complete adjuvant, which induces delayed hypersensitivity but little early antibody, suggests that a common cell type may be involved in the induction of both delayed hypersensitivity and antibody formation. The anti-DNP antibody response generated by TDL from rats immunized with DNP BGG was abolished by a selecting injection of the homologous conjugate. The response was depressed to a smaller degree by injections of either BGG or dinitrophenylated human serum albumin, suggesting that carrier-specific (T) and hapten-specific (B) lymphocytes could be separately selected from the recirculating pool. The regional selection of recirculating lymphocytes by antigen may explain a number of phenomena in which the prior injection of antigen has been found to inhibit a subsequent immune response.
J Exp Med 1972 Sep 01
PMID:The specific selection of recirculating lymphocytes by antigen in normal and preimmunized rats. 411 30

The production of large quantities of the lymphokine(s) histamine-releasing activity (HRA) and its partial purification by Sephadex G-75 and ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl (CM) Sepharose 6B have been detailed (M. A. Lett-Brown, D. O. Thueson, D. E. Plank, M. P. Langford, and J. A. Grant, Cell. Immunol. 87, 434-444, 1984). Two peaks of activity (HRA I and II) were recovered. Preparations of HRA have now been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Thoracic duct lymphocytes stimulated with 200 U/ml streptokinase were used as a source of HRA. Gel-filtration HPLC on a TSK 3000 column separated HRA into two peaks of activity (10,000-20,000 and 1300 Da). Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a Nucleosil C-8 column showed that HRA II (the activity eluted at a conductivity of 18-20 mmho on the CM-Sepharose column) eluted as a single sharp peak, the main protein contaminant being cytochrome c, the carrier protein added to enhance the yield of HRA. High-performance liquid chromatography was found to be a useful analytical tool and may be suitable for the large-scale purification of HRA.
Cell Immunol 1984 Sep
PMID:Histamine-releasing activity. V. Characterization and purification using high-performance liquid chromatography. 620 71

Peak flow has become widely used as in independent measure of lung function, particularly in asthma, because it can be quickly and easily determined by simple portable instrumentation. Three relatively inexpensive devices, the Armstrong mini-Wright peak flow meter, Vitalograph pulmonary monitor, and HealthScan peak flow meter, were tested for accuracy and reproducibility. Five units of each type were individually connected in series to a pneumotachograph, and 20 measurements (five in each of four flow ranges) were made on each unit at pulsatile flows ranging from 120 to 480 Lpm. The mean percentage of discrepancy (D%) for each instrument of a particular model was calculated at each flow range, and these subsequently averaged to give an inter-instrument percentage of discrepancy at each flow for each model. Intra-instrument variability was also assessed as the mean percentage of discrepancy for all flow rates for each individual instrument. While only the Armstrong mini-wright peak flow meter meets flow range criteria established by the American Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physicians for flow devices, only the HealthScan-Organon peak flow meter meets the established criteria for accuracy and reproducibility.
Chest 1982 Sep
PMID:An assessment of three portable peak flow meters. 621 83

Twenty-one patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) were treated with cyclophosphamide (1250 mg/m2), Adriamycin (40 mg/m2), vincristine (2 mg) every three weeks. Thoracic radiotherapy (3000 rad: 10 or 15 fractions) began four weeks after starting chemotherapy. Patients with brain metastases received cranial irradiation. Thirteen of 19 evaluable patients responded to therapy (four complete responses). Sixteen of 19 had significant intrathoracic response (eight complete). Of the three patients without an intrathoracic tumor response, two had simultaneous progression in systemic locations and only one had intrathoracic progression preceding systemic progression. Intrathoracic relapse preceded systemic relapse in two patients, was simultaneous with it in six and followed systemic relapse in four others. Therefore only three patients had intrathoracic tumor progression or relapse preceding systemic progression or recurrence. The more intensive course of radiotherapy was significantly better in preventing intrathoracic tumor progression. Although intrathoracic tumor control is important, primary failure of therapy or relapse appears to be multifocal. Future attention must be directed toward control of multiple potential sites of relapse.
Cancer 1982 Sep 01
PMID:Multifocal relapse after concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy of small cell lung cancer. 628 46

Factors associated with outcome were investigated in the British Thoracic Society's study of smoking withdrawal in 1550 patients attending hospital with smoking related diseases. A long term abstinence rate of 9.7% was found. Men did better than women, 12.2% of them succeeding in stopping smoking compared with 5.3% of the women. Success rate increased with age, and people with heart disease did better than those with any other diagnosis. The success rate of the best group, men with heart disease, was 21%. Sex, age, and diagnosis appeared to act independently. If the most important other person in the patient's life was a non-smoker success was more likely. Weight increased by an average of 5.9 kg over a year in those who stopped smoking.
Thorax 1984 Sep
PMID:Smoking withdrawal in hospital patients: factors associated with outcome. Subcommittee of the Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society. 638 74

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest (late model) was done preoperatively in 56 candidates for resection of lung cancer. Precise borders for each node region were defined by the American Thoracic Society modification of the classification of the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and were used to "map" nodes seen on CT and nodes removed surgically. Metastatic involvement of mediastinal nodes was proven by mediastinoscopy in 11 patients; nodes were removed from multiple regions at thoracotomy in 45 patients. The mediastinum was clearly delineated by CT in 46 patients with determinate scans and was judged normal in 32 (CT-negative scans) and abnormal in 14 (CT-positive scans). A node was considered metastatically involved if it measured greater than 1.5 cm in diameter. Positive nodes were found at surgical staging in 3 of 32 patients with CT-negative scans and in all patients with CT-positive scans. Thus, for the 46 patients with determinate scans, sensitivity was 82%, specificity was 100%, and accuracy (true positive and true negative) was 93%. The high accuracy of CT in these patients suggests that mediastinoscopy is not necessary before thoracotomy in the patient with a CT-negative scan, but that for the patient with a CT-positive or CT-indeterminate scan, the indications for mediastinoscopy remain the same.
Ann Thorac Surg 1984 Sep
PMID:Computed tomography for evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in lung cancer: correlation with surgical staging. 647 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>