Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although CT has assumed a major role in the preoperative evaluation of the mediastinum in patients with lung carcinoma, there is no consensus as to its accuracy or efficacy in this setting. A potential source of CT error is inaccurate detection or sizing of lymph nodes in particular mediastinal locations because of inadequate contrast with surrounding tissue or partial volume effects. We imaged five cadavers with CT and then meticulously dissected the mediastinal nodes. The nodes were measured and categorized by using the lymph node mapping scheme of the American Thoracic Society. The short axis nodal diameter was the best CT predictor of nodal volume. Excellent correlation was found between CT and autopsy for lymph node detection in right-sided mediastinal lymph nodes; poorer CT/autopsy correlation was found for left-sided lymph nodes, especially in the lower left peribronchial region. These findings suggest that CT may be less accurate in identifying left-sided mediastinal metastases.
AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986 Sep
PMID:Mediastinal lymph node detection and sizing at CT and autopsy. 348 47

Thoracic impedance apnea monitors may fail to detect obstructive apnea, may falsely alarm when the infant is breathing, and may confuse cardiac artifact with respiratory impedance. Therefore, we compared the performance of a respiratory inductive plethysmograph and a thoracic impedance monitor with a reliable measure of airflow, either nasal CO2 or pneumotachograph, during 29 studies in 28 patients referred for sleep laboratory evaluation. Sleep time averaged 72 +/- 37 (SD) minutes. The inductance plethysmography and the impedance monitor detected 99.6% +/- 0.6% and 98.3% +/- 3.0% of breaths, respectively. However, in two studies, the impedance monitor detected many extra breaths, once because of cardiac-induced impedance changes and once because of partial airway obstruction-induced impedance changes. In 11 studies, cardiac artifact was sometimes misinterpreted as a breath by the impedance monitor. The impedance monitor, but not the inductance plethysmograph, missed breaths following sighs in 16 of 29 studies. Both monitors detected all 60 episodes of central apnea. The inductance plethysmography detected 35 of 38 episodes of obstructive apnea, but the impedance monitor identified only two such events. Apnea was detected falsely four times by the inductance plethysmograph and 14 times by the impedance monitor. These results suggests that a respiratory inductive plethysmograph would have significant advantages over impedance monitoring, including the ability to detect obstructive apnea, and freedom from cardiac artifact.
J Pediatr 1987 Sep
PMID:Comparison of respiratory inductive plethysmography and thoracic impedance for apnea monitoring. 362 4

Sarcoidosis is being increasingly recognized in India. Over the last 7 years we studied 40 patients. Older males out numbered young females. Thoracic (98%), constitutional (50%) and ocular (40%) involvement dominated the clinical profile. In addition, erythema nodosum (20%), facial palsy (13%), parotid enlargement (8%), lymphadenopathy (42%), hepatomegaly (37%) and splenomegaly (17%) were also observed. Radiologically, 53%, 30% and 15% of patients were in Stage I, II and III respectively at presentation. Kveim test was positive in 45% of those tested. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 80% of patients. The remaining eight patients (20%) were relatively asymptomatic, all had bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and either erythema nodosum or uveitis or both. 88% were tuberculin negative. Systemic steroids were used in 60% and topical steroid eye drops in a further 20%. Response to therapy was excellent except in Stage III disease where radiological and spirometric deterioration was observed in three patients. There were no fatalities. The overall clinical behaviour of north Indian patients with sarcoidosis was quite similar to that of patients in England but different from previously reported Indian patients.
Sarcoidosis 1987 Sep
PMID:Sarcoidosis in north India: the clinical profile of 40 patients. 365 20

The anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase following injections into the cervical, thoracic, or lumbosacral spinal cord was used to examine the organization of spinocervical tract terminations in the lateral cervical nucleus (LCN) of the cat. A somatotopic organization of the labeling originating from different spinal levels was observed in the mediolateral dimension. Cervical labeling generally occurred in the ventromedial portion and lumbosacral labeling in the dorsolateral portion of the LCN. Thoracic labeling occurred both in the middle and the most lateral edge of the nucleus. In all cases, labeling was distributed over most of the rostrocaudal extent of the LCN. In addition, distinct patches of labeling were present in the medialmost portion of the nucleus, regardless of the spinal level injected. These observations corroborate the topographical organization of the LCN described previously on the basis of physiological and retrograde labeling data, and support the identification of the medialmost part of the LCN as a distinct portion of the nucleus. Terminal labeling in the LCN always occurred in multiple, longitudinally distributed fields. The afferent input to each terminal field coursed in separate, loose bundles of fibers that descended from the superficial dorsolateral funiculus. Large injections resulted in more extensive, overlapping terminal fields. These observations indicate that collateral projections result in several discrete representations of a given portion of the skin over the longitudinal extent of the LCN, but that topographical relationships are longitudinally maintained. It is suggested that these multiple terminal fields are the anatomical correlate of the functionally selective convergence of spinocervical tract terminations, that has previously been postulated on physiological grounds to explain the generation of LCN receptive fields with homogenous receptor input within a somatotopic framework.
J Comp Neurol 1987 Sep 08
PMID:Organization of anterogradely labeled spinocervical tract terminations in the lateral cervical nucleus of the cat. 366 77

The rapid and widespread development of imaging techniques during the last decade has markedly modified the previous algorithms used in the staging of pulmonary carcinoma, particularly M0/M1 in the TNM classification and the directives of the American Thoracic Society. Sensitivity and specificity of each method are reviewed according to the most frequent metastatic sites of bronchopulmonary carcinoma. Presently, CT is the most efficient technique for detection and display of metastases of the contralateral lung, brain, adrenal glands and retroperitoneal lymph nodes. Ultrasound is equal or even slightly superior to CT for the detection of liver metastases. The superiority of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over CT in the detection of brain metastases has already been demonstrated. The results of MRI using fast sequences have recently been demonstrated for imaging of thoracic, abdominal and bone metastases, but confirmation of these first results by prospective studies is needed. Skeletal survey is still obtained by radioisotope scanning.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1987 Sep 26
PMID:[Staging of pulmonary cancer, establishment of M1]. 367 84

Detailed post mortem examination of the lungs of horses with exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) has demonstrated significant small airway disease and intense bronchial arterial proliferation in the dorsocaudal lungfields. The purpose of this study was to investigate ventilation and perfusion distribution in the lungs of a similar group of horses to compare changes in the live animal with the previously reported post mortem findings. Thoracic radiography and ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scintigraphy were performed on five racing Thoroughbreds with recent histories of EIPH. Parametric images of V/Q ratios for left and right lungfields were also generated from the scan images. In all horses, ventilation and perfusion deficits were demonstrated in the dorsocaudal areas of the lung corresponding closely to the observed radiographic lesions. In particular, the perfusion images and V/Q ratio displays indicated that, in affected areas of lung, pulmonary arterial perfusion was the more seriously impaired. This finding appears to confirm the post mortem evidence of reduced pulmonary arterial perfusion and bronchial arterial dominance in these areas. Ventilation deficits in the same areas also confirmed the likelihood of partial airway obstruction consistent with the small airway disease noted in previous post mortem observations. These results suggest that the vascular and airway lesions demonstrated in detailed post mortems of horses with EIPH are also functionally important in affected horses, even at rest. As a consequence of the apparent persistent, insidious and progressive nature of the lesions associated with EIPH there are serious long term implications for management of the condition.
Equine Vet J 1987 Sep
PMID:Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in the horses: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study. VII. Ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy in horses with EIPH. 367 85

A compact electronic spirometer, the turbine pocket spirometer, which measures the FEV1, forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in a single expiration, was compared with the Vitalograph and the Wright peak flow meter in 99 subjects (FEV1 range 0.40-5.50 litres; FVC 0.58-6.48 l; PEF 40-650 l min-1). The mean differences between the machines were small--0.05 l for FEV1, 0.05 l for FVC, and 11.6 l min-1 for PEF, with the limits of agreement at +/- 0.25 l, +/- 0.48 l, and +/- 52.2 l min-1 respectively. The wide limits of agreement for the PEF comparison were probably because of the difference in the technique of blowing: a fast, long blow was used for the pocket spirometer and a short, sharp one for the Wright peak flow meter. The FEV1 and FVC showed a proportional bias of around 4-5% in favour of the Vitalograph. The repeatability coefficient for the pocket spirometer FEV1 was 0.18 l, for FVC 0.22 l, and for PEF 31 l min-1. These compared well with the repeatability coefficients of the Vitalograph and the Wright peak flow meter, which gave values of 0.18 l, 0.28 l, and 27 l min-1 respectively. At flow rates of over 600 l min-1 the resistance of the pocket spirometer marginally exceeded the American Thoracic Society recommendations. The machine is easy to operate and portable, and less expensive than the Vitalograph and Wright peak flow meter combined. It can be recommended for general use.
Thorax 1987 Sep
PMID:Evaluation of the turbine pocket spirometer. 368 60

The effects of changing blood volume within the thoracoabdominal cavity (Vtab) have been studied in four male subjects trained in respiratory maneuvers. Subjects were studied lying supine in a pressure plethysmograph with inflatable fracture splints placed around both arms and legs. Changes in Vtab were produced by inflating the splints to 30 cmH2O. Thoracic gas volume (Vtg) measured by Boyle's law, and the change in chest wall volume (delta Vw), measured by anteroposterior magnetometers on rib cage and abdomen, were measured almost simultaneously and at two respiratory system volumes. The quantity of blood moved by splint inflation was estimated for each subject at both respiratory system volumes and varied between 215 and 752 ml. The chest wall increased 64 +/- 11.8% (mean +/- SD) of the increase in Vtab. Thus increases in thoracoabdominal blood volume increase Vw about twice the decrease in Vtg.
J Appl Physiol (1985) 1986 Sep
PMID:Thoracoabdominal blood volume change and its effect on lung and chest wall volumes. 375 80

Human arterial endothelial cells were cultured in vitro for up to 40 cumulative population doublings. Culture conditions similar to those required for long-term propagation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were employed. These included fibronectin-coated culture vessels, 5 to 20% fetal bovine serum, endothelial cell growth factor, and heparin. Thoracic aorta endothelial cells were larger than iliac artery endothelial cells. Both cell types stained positively for Factor VIII antigen by immunofluorescence. A decrease in confluent density as a function of population doubling level was correlated with the appearance of large, senescent cells in the cultures. Serum growth factors to which the arterial endothelial cells responded included insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor, thrombin, and somatomedins. The effect of thrombin did not require the availability of the active site of the protease. The effect of the somatomedins was only seen in the presence of heparin. Neither platelet-derived growth factor nor hydrocortisone induced arterial endothelial cell proliferation. These growth factor responses were also observed on the part of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 1986 Sep
PMID:Growth factor responses of human arterial endothelial cells in vitro. 375 96

While penetrating wounds of the thorax are rather uncommon in The Netherlands, they are frequently encountered in the emergency centres of the United States. Thoracic wall penetration may occur during times of warfare, during social altercations or as a result of industrial accidents. In civilian practice, such wounds are most often the result of injury with guns, knives or other sharp objects. Patients with penetrating thoracic wounds should be expeditiously transported to a trauma centre. Pre-hospital intravenous fluids, pleural decompression and anti-shock garments are contraindicated. On arrival in the emergency room, establishment of a patent airway, administration of intravenous fluids, pleural decompression and early X-ray examination of the chest are mandatory.
Injury 1986 Sep
PMID:Penetrating wounds of the thorax. 377 Sep 33


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>