Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CD-1 mice were exposed in utero to one of 14 treatment regimes, several of them being replicated, with close agreement between series. Prenatal exposure to a teratogenic dose at a sensitive time enabled detection of 10 of 14 teratogen regimes by alterations in frequency or severity of a substantial number of the 88 variants in the Skeletal Variant Assay System (SVAS) screen when examined at 60-65 days post natal (DPN). These included 2,4,5-T (245T), Trifluralin (TFL), Maneb (MNB), Decamethrin (DMT), Acetazolamide (ACZM) either at 8 days post-coitus (DPC) or days 9-11 PC, trypan blue (TB), or 5' Bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) on either 7 DPC, 8 DPC, or 9 DPC. Most of these observations have been reported elsewhere. All of the treatment regimes mentioned above, and another group of treatments, could be detected in the exposed CD-1 cohorts when additional endpoints were employed. One such endpoint was "frequently responding variants." These were: Interfrontals (IF), Parted Frontals (PF), Preoptic Sutures (PS), Foramina Transversaria Imperfecta of the first cervical (C) vertebra (FTI C1), FTI of the axis (C2), Accessory (Acc) Transverse Foramina (TF) of C3-C6, malformations of C3-C7, Fourteen (14) Ribs, Carpal Fusions (Fus), Lumbar Fus, 27-Presacral Vertebrae (PSV), and Sacral Fus. This endpoint revealed significant differences in the initial group of 10, plus Captan (CAPT) and Phenytoin (DPH). Yet another useful endpoint reported here was the existence of high magnitude effects (i.e., dramatic alterations in frequency of occurrence of a variant). These included IF in TB and ACZM; PF in ACZM; PS in BUDR; FTI-C1 in TB and 245T; FTI-C2 in 245T; 14 Ribs in ACZM, BUDR, and TFL; Carpal Fus in TB; 27-PSV in ACZM; Fewer than (<) 30 Caudal Vertebrae (Vert) in 245T, TFL; Caudal Fus in TB, ACZM-D9. Eight treatment regimes in all could be detected by the existence of 3 or more high magnitude effects (245T, MNB, TB, ACZM8, ACZM9-11, phenytoin, and possibly BUDR on days 7 or 8, each seen in one of two series only). Clusters of related variants were affected in 9 of the 14 groups: Frontal (F) bones and C Vert in 245T; F bones in ACZM-D8; Fus in Posterior Vert Column in ACZM-D9-11; C Vert and Fus in Vert and articular skeleton in TB; Thoracic (Th) Vert and rib-cage effects in BUDR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Additional endpoints and overview of a mouse skeletal variant assay for detecting exposure to teratogens. 844 28

A long thoracolumbar sagittal rectitude is sometimes present in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The purpose of this study was to identify typical patterns, by comparing frontal plane deformities and vertebral rotation leading to this rectitude. Surgical thoracolumbar alignment correction by three-dimensional in situ bending of rods was then analyzed. Pre- and postoperative radiographs of 24 patients with scoliosis (36-104 degrees) were reviewed using Spineview software. Frontal curves and levels of sagittal rectitude were determined. Thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, T9 and T1 tilt were measured. Vertebral rotation was measured by computed tomography, Perdriolle's, Nash and Moe's methods. The intervertebral mobility of the rectitude was analyzed on side bending radiographs. Three patterns leading to sagittal rectitude were identified: 11 main thoracic curves (Lenke 1, King 3) with cranial prolongation of the physiological thoracolumbar junction (T7T12) and maximal vertebral rotation above this zone, 13 double major or thoracolumbar curves (Lenke 3 or 5, King 1 or 2) with cranial and caudal prolongation (T9L3) and maximal rotation above and below, 1 lumbar curve (Lenke 5) with caudal rectitude (T12L4) and maximal rotation at L1. There was no relationship between intervertebral mobility and rectitude. Postoperatively, this zone of rectitude disappeared in 17 out of 24 patients after anterior release followed by posterior instrumentation using the in situ bending technique. In situ bending realizes a stepwise correction of the three-dimensional deformity at different levels. An accurate preoperative analysis is mandatory to achieve an adequate sagittal balance, frontal curve correction and vertebral derotation simultaneously. The determined patterns of thoracolumbar rectitude are helpful to plan surgical correction accurately.
 ...
PMID:Sagittal alignment correction of the thoracolumbar junction in idiopathic scoliosis by in situ bending technique. 1881 3