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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thoracic surgery is done in the Research Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis for about 25 years. 2463 lung resections on account of tuberculosis, 934 lung resections on account of intrathoracic tumors, among them 795 suffering from bronchial carcinoma, 422 operations because of nonspecific pulmonary diseases (bronchiectasis, lung abscess a.s.o.) and nearly the same number of operations because of spontaneous pneumothorax were performed in this time. Cystic lung disease, bullous emphysema, pulmonary mycosis and diseases of diaphragm and oesophagus were rarer indications for surgery. Since 1970 an increasing number of thoracic injuries by accidents were treated (70 patients). At the beginning collapse therapy (1953/54) was still in use (305 operations). In all the number of great thoracic operations 1978 was 5417. Besides, experimental investigations dealing with lung transplantation were done in dogs. These results are published in several papers. The technical experience gained by this research work could be utilized for clinical practice.
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PMID:[Contributions of thoracic surgery in the Research Institute for Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis since its founding and under the presence conditions in the treatment of specific and nonspecific lung diseases (author's transl)]. 51 7

Ultrasonography is useful in the detection of mass lesions in the collapsed lung, using the collapsed lungs as a "sonic window". Twenty-four patients suspected of having a tumor causing lung collapse, as shown on their chest radiographs, were examined by ultrasonography. Eighteen out of 24 patients were found to have mass lesions in their collapsed lungs. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) was also performed in 12 of these 18 patients; of those, 11 showed compatibility with sonographic findings in the detection of mass lesions in their collapsed lungs. The remaining six of these 24 patients with no mass lesions detected by ultrasonography were proven to have collapsed lung due to sputum impaction (n = 2) and lung cancer (n = 4). The fact that four patients had lung cancer that was not detectable by ultrasonography, might have been due to relatively small mass lesions at deep locations (main or intermediate bronchus) and narrowing of the "sonic window" (partial lung collapse). Though it has some limitations, ultrasonography is helpful in detecting mass lesions in collapsed lungs. Sono-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (SGFNAB) can also be performed simultaneously, smoothly and without any major complications. In our series, SGFNAB was performed in eight out of 18 patients to make a cytopathologic diagnosis. We recommend this safe, convenient, and noninvasive method to screen for lesions in the collapsed lung, especially when bronchoscopic examination is impossible.
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PMID:Detection of mass lesions in the collapsed lung by ultrasonography. 135 36

The authors present a rare case of a 58-year-old female who had cardiac arrest due to massive abdominal hemorrhage because of the rupture of pancreatic pseudocyst during an emergency operation. We succeeded in resuscitation by performing emergency thoracotomy and internal cardiac compression. Thoracic aortic cross clamping was employed to control bleeding, and we could perform the operation. She recovered without any neurological deficits. Thoracic descending aortic cross clamping should be always considered both before and during operation for the control of massive abdominal hemorrhage to avoid circulatory collapse.
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PMID:[A case report of emergency thoracotomy and aortic cross clamp for massive abdominal hemorrhage due to the rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst]. 281 Jul 3

Thoracic CT for patients in intensive care is cumbersome but provides important additional information in the presence of complicated lung changes. Total opacification of a lung field visualised on conventional portable films may be due to infiltration and/or fluid and/or collapse by using the clinical information in conjunction with densitometric measurements. CT may help in the differentiation of pulmonary oedema, particularly in the presence of ARDS and its complications. It is also possible to accurately localise abscesses and empyemas in the presence of extensive consolidation. This makes it possible to drain abscesses or empyemas, or pleural fluid in unusual situations, which has become loculated, or to aspirate a pneumothorax.
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PMID:[Computerized tomography of the thorax in intensive care patients]. 303 34

We submitted eight asthmatics (age range 24-51 years) to progressively increasing doses of inhaled methacholine. Mechanical studies were done before and after each dose of methacholine and also after an inhalation of 240 micrograms of Ipratropium Bromide (IB). Recordings included: Thoracic gas volume at FRC (TGV), airways resistance (Raw), flow volume loops and static pressure/volume relationship (Pst/V). Exponential fitting of Pst/V curve was done according to previous studies, and maximal flow/static recoil curves were drawn with the data previously obtained. Considering the variation of SGaw as an index of airway reaction we found a good correlation between this parameter and MEF. Cdyn and the slope between MEF. The increase of TGV was in good correlation with SGaw as a percentage of control value. We could not find any significant variation in Specific Distensibility (Dsp) or Pst max. Our results support previous studies that have shown a insignificant modification of the elastic properties of the lung. The volume increases observed by plethysmography must be cautiously interpreted. We suggest that this modification may be the result of various factors, i.e. technical, mechanical (airways collapse, air trapping) and biological factors (surface forces, alveolar relaxation). Our data confirms the predominant central action of Ipratropium Bromide.
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PMID:Pulmonary mechanics in methacholine induced asthma. 315 43

A rare complication after delayed re-expansion of pneumothorax is reported. A polytraumatized patient with stable vital functions was admitted to our ICU immediately after surgery. Later, oxygenation worsened treated by a rise in FiO2. Concomitant tachycardia was thought to be due to increasing body temperature. On day 3 of treatment in the ICU further deterioration in gas exchange (and in hemodynamics, with complete collapse of the left lung) was diagnosed on X-ray examination. Retrospectively, the development of this condition could be traced on the X-ray films taken during the previous 3 days. Thoracic drainage and suction resulted in complete re-expansion of the lung. After re-expansion worsening of gas exchange and unilateral ARDS-like configurations were observed on chest X-ray. Reversal of the I:E ration and a rise in PEEP improved gas exchange and the X-ray appearance immediately. In the next few days the intensity of the respiratory treatment could be reduced, and after a short period of CPAP the patient was discharged from the ICU. Three mechanisms for development of this "unilateral ARDS" are discussed: loss and suppressed regeneration of surfactant in prolonged atelectic alveolar compartments; increased capillary fluid escape due to suction; and increased complement activation and reduced degradation of edematogenic bradykinin in hypoxic alveolar compartments. Possible clinical implications for the treatment of longer duration pneumothorax are: fractionated drainage and respirator settings, reopening collapsed alveoli in an inhomogeneously diseased lung such as IRV.
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PMID:[Treatment of re-expansion edema ('unilateral ARDS") after rapid pneumothorax drainage]. 342 73

In an attempt to find prognostic factors for mild scoliosis, the first clinical and radiologic data of 159 subjects with idiopathic scoliosis less than 30 degrees were correlated with the annual speed of progression estimated graphically by further examinations. Thoracic and double major are more progressive than thoracolumbar and lumbar. The correlation with rate of progression is better for supine angle than for standing angle. Curves with low supine angles are those that have great relative collapse and low risk of progression. Only the rib hump of thoracic and thoracolumbar are correlated with evolutivity. Predictive equations give less approximation for individual prognosis than a previous graphic method, so they are not used. Approximately 73% of scoliosis have evolutivities less than 6 degrees per year and required nocturn corrective treatment.
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PMID:Scoliosis at less than 30 degrees. Properties of the evolutivity (risk of progression). 404 8

A bottlenose porpoise was trained to dive untethered in the open ocean and to exhale into an underwater collecting funnel before surfacing from prescribed depths down to 300 meters. The animal was also taught to hold its breath for periods up to 4 minutes at the surface and then blow in the funnel. Alveolar collapse is probably complete at around 100 meters, and little pulmonary respiratory exchange occurs below that depth. Thoracic collapse was observ visually at 10 to 50 meters and by underwater television to 300 meters.
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PMID:Respiration and deep diving in the bottlenose porpoise. 536 May 92

Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to anaphylactic shock were evaluated in anaesthetized pigs sensitized by natural exposure to Ascaris suum as verified by antibodies. In six animals with such antibodies, Ascaris antigen injection produced a plasma histamine increase of 52 (42-196) fold (median and range; P < 0.05), while four pigs without such antibodies served as controls with only insignificant increases in histamine. In the anaphylactic group, two of the animals died during the investigation due to cardiovascular collapse. In the sensitized pigs resting heart rate (HR), 104 (86-118) beats min-1, increased to 204 (164-240) beats min-1 as mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased from 94 (83-102) to 45 (31-90) mmHg (P < 0.05). In contrast, the non-sensitized pigs maintained the resting HR of 101 (79-113) beats min-1, as MAP decreased to 50 (41-97) mmHg (P < 0.05). In the sensitized group systemic vascular resistance (SVR) fell from 1114 (843-1811) to 990 (588-1173) dyne s-1 cm-5 and then increased to 3617 (2593-4166) dyne s-1 cm-5, while in the control group there was only a reduction to a minimum value of 730 (458-1307) dyne s-1 cm-5 (P < 0.05). Thoracic electrical impedance increased only in the sensitized group [from 28.3 (24.7-31.4) to 29.9 (24.0-31.4)], indicating central volume depletion. Plasma catecholamines increased markedly only in the sensitized pigs, and plasma pancreatic polypeptide, vasopressin, aldosterone and renin responses confirmed to those established during central hypovolaemia. During anaphylaxis, this study demonstrated cardiovascular responses similar to those established during a major blood loss. However, as indicated by plasma catecholamines, sympathetic activity was many times that previously demonstrated during haemorrhage, and sympathoactivation may explain the marked vasoconstriction noted in the sensitized pigs.
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PMID:Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to anaphylactic shock in the pig. 771 95

Thoracic complications associated with the use of the high-speed air turbine dental drill have been reported sporadically in the anesthesia literature. This case report documents the potential sequelae associated with air entrainment from utilization of the high-speed air turbine dental drill in general dentistry. Signs and symptoms of air entrainment include chest fullness, periorbital and facial edema, and crepitus. Prompt recognition of this phenomena is essential because of potential airway obstruction and additional complications, as the infused air dissects through the fascial planes. Cardiovascular collapse, associated with the development of venous air embolism, has also been reported as a life-threatening complication associated with the high-speed air turbine dental drill. This is a case report of a patient who developed pneumomediastinum while receiving dental preparatory treatment for multiple crowns, veneers, and impressions.
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PMID:Thoracic complications associated with utilization of the air turbine dental drill. 909 1


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