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 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumour but with increasing incidence and a poor prognosis. In 2008, the European Respiratory Society/European Society of Thoracic Surgeons Task Force brought together experts to propose practical and up-to-dated guidelines on the management of MPM. To obtain an earlier and reliable diagnosis of MPM, the experts recommend performing thoracoscopy, except in cases of pre-operative contraindication or pleural symphysis. The standard staining procedures are insufficient in approximately 10% of cases. Therefore, we propose using specific immunohistochemistry markers on pleural biopsies. In the absence of a uniform, robust and validated staging system, we advice use of the most recent TNM based classification, and propose a three step pre-treatment assessment. Patient's performance status and histological subtype are currently the only prognostic factors of clinical importance in the management of MPM. Other potential parameters should be recorded at baseline and reported in clinical trials. MPM exhibits a high resistance to chemotherapy and only a few patients are candidates for radical surgery. New therapies and strategies have been reviewed. Because of limited data on the best combination treatment, we emphasise that patients who are considered candidates for a multimodal approach should be included in a prospective trial at a specialised centre.
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PMID:Guidelines of the European Respiratory Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons for the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma. 1971 82

A new lung adenocarcinoma classification is being proposed by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, American Thoracic Society and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS). This proposal has not yet been tested in clinical datasets to determine whether it defines prognostically significant subgroups of lung adenocarcinoma. In all, 514 patients who had pathological stage I adenocarcinoma of the lung classified according to the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer 7th Edition, and who had undergone a lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Comprehensive histological subtyping was used to estimate the percentage of each histological subtype and to identify the predominant subtype. Tumors were classified according to the proposed new IASLC/ATS/ERS adenocarcinoma classification. Statistical analyses were made including Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. There were 323 females (63%) and 191 males (37%) with a median age of 69 years (33-89 years) and 298 stage IA and 216 stage IB patients. Three overall prognostic groups were identified: low grade: adenocarcinoma in situ (n=1) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (n=8) had 100% 5-year disease-free survival; intermediate grade: non-mucinous lepidic predominant (n=29), papillary predominant (n=143) and acinar predominant (n=232) with 90, 83 and 84% 5-year disease-free survival, respectively; and high grade: invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (n=13), colloid predominant (n=9), solid predominant (n=67) and micropapillary predominant (n=12), with 75, 7170 and 67%, 5-year disease-free survival, respectively (P<0.001). Among the clinicopathological factors, stage 1B versus 1A (P<0.001), male sex (P<0.008), high histological grade (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P=0.002) and necrosis (P<0.001) were poorer prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Both gross tumor size (P=0.04) and invasive tumor size adjusted by the percentage of lepidic growth (P<0.001) were significantly associated with disease-free survival with a slightly stronger association for the latter. Multivariate analysis showed the prognostic groups of the IASLC/ATS/ERS histological classification (P=0.038), male gender (P=0.007), tumor invasive size (P=0.026) and necrosis (P=0.002) were significant poor prognostic factors. In summary, the proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma identifies histological categories with prognostic differences that may be helpful in identifying candidates for adjunctive therapy. The slightly stronger association with survival for invasive size versus gross size raises the need for further studies to determine whether this adjustment in measuring tumor size could impact TNM staging for small adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Impact of proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of lung adenocarcinoma: prognostic subgroups and implications for further revision of staging based on analysis of 514 stage I cases. 2125 58

Strategies for the follow-up of lung cancer patients after potentially curative treatment are known to vary widely. The optimal regimen remains unknown. We investigated whether the age of the surgeon affects choice of surveillance strategy. The 3,700 members of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) were surveyed using a detailed questionnaire to measure how these surgical experts deal with lung cancer patient follow-up. Subjects were asked how they use 10 specific follow-up modalities during years 1-5 following primary treatment for patients with lung cancer (TNM stages I-III). Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare practice patterns by surgeon age, as well as by TNM stage and year post-surgery. Evaluable responses from 768 STS members (21%) were received. Follow-up strategies for most of the ten modalities were highly correlated across TNM stages and years post-surgery, as expected. The pattern of testing varied significantly by surgeon age for only one modality (LFTs). Even in this instance, the absolute differences in surveillance strategies among age groups were small. This analysis indicates that the post-treatment surveillance practice patterns of surgeons caring for patients with lung cancer do not vary substantially with practitioner age. The data provide credible evidence that post-graduate education is effective in homogenizing practitioner behavior.
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PMID:How practice patterns in lung cancer patient follow-up are affected by surgeon age. 2159 67

A new lung adenocarcinoma classification has been published by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, the American Thoracic Society, and the European Respiratory Society. This new classification is needed to provide uniform terminology and diagnostic criteria, most especially for bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. It was developed by an international core panel of experts representing all 3 societies with oncologists/pulmonologists, pathologists, radiologists, molecular biologists, and thoracic surgeons.This summary focuses on the aspects of this classification that address resection specimens. The terms bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and mixed subtype adenocarcinoma are no longer used. For resection specimens, new concepts are introduced, such as adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma for small solitary adenocarcinomas with either pure lepidic growth (adenocarcinoma in situ) and predominant lepidic growth with invasion of 5 mm or less (minimally invasive adenocarcinoma), to define the condition of patients who will have 100% or near 100% disease-specific survival, respectively, if they undergo complete lesion resection. Adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma are usually nonmucinous, but rarely may be mucinous. Invasive adenocarcinomas are now classified by predominant pattern after using comprehensive histologic subtyping with lepidic (formerly most mixed subtype tumors with nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), acinar, papillary, and solid patterns; micropapillary is added as a new histologic subtype. Variants include invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (formerly mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma), colloid, fetal, and enteric adenocarcinoma.It is possible that this classification may impact the next revision of the TNM staging classification, with adjustment of the size T factor according to only the invasive component pathologically in adenocarcinomas with lepidic areas.
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PMID:Diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma in resected specimens: implications of the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification. 2354 33

We summarize significant changes in pathologic classification of lung cancer resulting from the 2011 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS) lung adenocarcinoma classification. The classification was developed by an international core panel of experts representing IASLC, ATS, and ERS with oncologists/pulmonologists, pathologists, radiologists, molecular biologists, and thoracic surgeons. Because 70% of patients with lung cancer present with advanced stages, a new approach to small biopsies and cytology with specific terminology and criteria focused on the need for distinguishing squamous cell carcinoma from adenocarcinoma and on molecular testing for EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangement. Tumors previously classified as non-small-cell carcinoma, not otherwise specified, because of the lack of clear squamous or adenocarcinoma morphology should be classified further by using a limited immunohistochemical workup to preserve tissue for molecular testing. The terms "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" and "mixed subtype adenocarcinoma" have been discontinued. For resected adenocarcinomas, new concepts of adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma define patients who, if they undergo complete resection, will have 100% disease-free survival. Invasive adenocarcinomas are now classified by predominant pattern after using comprehensive histologic subtyping with lepidic, acinar, papillary, and solid patterns; micropapillary is added as a new histologic subtype with poor prognosis. Former mucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinomas are now called "invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma." Because the lung cancer field is now rapidly evolving with new advances occurring on a frequent basis, particularly in the molecular arena, this classification provides a much needed standard for pathologic diagnosis not only for patient care but also for clinical trials and TNM classification.
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PMID:New pathologic classification of lung cancer: relevance for clinical practice and clinical trials. 2340 43

Therapeutic approaches to lung adenocarcinomas differ because of their heterogeneous morphologies, prognoses, and clinical features. For this reason, new histopathologic classifications for lung adenocarcinomas were done by the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society to form subtypes with homogeneous prognoses. There are limited clinical data in the literature on the prognosis of the subgroups formed according to the new classification. A total of 86 patients with adenocarcinoma who had undergone pathologic stages I and II curative resection and mediastinal lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed according to the seventh TNM staging system revised by the Union for International Cancer Control/American Joint Committee on Cancer. Histologic subtyping was reassessed according to the dominant histopathologic morphology. When survival rates of lung adenocarcinomas were compared according to their localizations, it was observed that adenocarcinomas localized to the right hemithorax had a longer survival than the ones with left hemithorax localization (P = 0.026). When necrosis was taken into account, it was seen that necrosis rate was higher in solid predominant type compared with other types, whereas it was lower in acinary type (P = 0.046). When peritumoral lymphovascular invasion data were assessed, it was observed that disease-free survival was influenced in a negative fashion (P = 0.018). New histopathologic classification of adenocarcinomas has been a step forward to attaining homogeneous groups, but when the biologic heterogeneity of the adenocarcinomas is taken into account, the authors believe that considering the peritumoral lymphatic vascular invasion, left hemithorax localization, and tumoral necrosis entities in the upcoming TNM classification will contribute to evaluating the prognosis.
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PMID:Clinical and pathologic prognostic factors that are influential in the survival and prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas and invasive predominant subtypes. 2397 69

Recently, the 1999/2004 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of adenocarcinoma became less useful from a clinical standpoint as most adenocarcinomas belonged to the mixed subtype and the term bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) gave rise to much confusion among clinicians. For these reasons a new adenocarcinoma classification was introduced in 2011 by a joint working group of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), American Thoracic Society (ATS), and European Respiratory Society (ERS). This represents an international, multidisciplinary effort joining pathologists, molecular biologists, pulmonary physicians, thoracic oncologists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons. Currently, a distinction is made between pre-invasive lesions, minimally invasive and invasive lesions. The confusing term BAC is not used anymore and new subcategories include adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma. Several aspects of this classification are discussed with main emphasis on its correlation with imaging techniques and its impact on diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. On chest computed tomography (CT) a distinction is made between solid and subsolid nodules, the latter comprising ground glass opacities (GGO), and partly solid lesions. Several studies incorporating CT and positron emission tomographic (PET) data show a good imaging-pathologic correlation. With the implementation of screening programs early lung cancer has become a hotly debated topic and sublobar resection is currently reconsidered for early lesions without lymph node involvement. This new classification will also have an impact on the TNM classification. Thoracic surgeons will continue to play a major role in the application, evaluation and further refinement of this new adenocarcinoma classification.
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PMID:Pathologic classification of adenocarcinoma of lung. 2400 16

The new the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/the European Respiratory Society (ERS) pathologic classification of lung cancer has markedly changed the pathologic diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma. This classification deals with many aspects that directly affect clinical practice, and opens new gateways for future research. By means of a multidisciplinary approach, it differs significantly from the former 2004 the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, which was mainly written by pathologist. The present review, in line with the consensus article, is divided in two components: the diagnosis and classification of lung adenocarcinoma in resection specimens and the diagnosis of lung cancer in small biopsies and cytology. Resection specimens are currently classified according to the predominant histologic pattern after comprehensive subtyping in 5% increments. This approach has led to the addition of new pathologic subtypes [adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and micropapillary predominant adenocarcinoma)] and to the discontinuation of some heterogeneous entities included in the former 2004 WHO classification (mixed subtype adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma). Overall, these changes have resulted in a better stratification of lung adenocarcinoma tumors in more homogeneous morphologic, clinical and biological subgroups. Pathologic subtyping has demonstrated prognostic utility in resected stage I-III patients, and recent data support their predictive role for the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Moreover, comprehensive pathologic subtyping may potentially affect TNM staging and surgical management or early-stage tumors. On the other hand, for the first time, the novel pathologic classification provides standardized terminology and diagnostic criteria of small biopsies and cytology. Criteria are proposed not only for adenocarcinoma but also for other histologies, but special emphasis was put on the distinction between adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma due to its major clinical implications. This review outlines the main issues of the new lung adenocarcinoma classification from a clinical perspective. We describe the different pathologic subtypes in resection specimens, with their most relevant clinical implications. Further on, we address the new terminology and diagnostic criteria for lung adenocarcinomas in small specimens, oriented to their importance for the management and treatment of metastatic lung cancer patients. Finally, we discuss some unanswered questions and relevant issues for the near future.
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PMID:The new IASLC/ATS/ERS lung adenocarcinoma classification from a clinical perspective: current concepts and future prospects. 2534 3

In 2011 the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC), the American Thoracic Society (ATS), and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), have proposed a new subclassification of lung adenocarcinomas. This new classification was founded on an evidence-based approach to a systematic review of 11,368 citations from the related literature. Validation has involved projects relating to histologic and cytologic analysis of small biopsy specimens, histologic subtyping, grading, and observer variation among expert pathologists. As enormous resources are being spent on trials involving molecular and therapeutic aspects of adenocarcinoma of the lung, the development of standardized criteria is of great importance and should help advance the field, increasing the impact of research, and improving patient care. This classification is needed to assist in determining patient therapy and predicting outcome. The 2011 IASLC/ATS/ERS adenocarcinoma classification can have an impact on TNM staging. It may help in comparing histologic characteristics of multiple lung adenocarcinomas to determine whether they are intrapulmonary metastases versus separate primaries. Use of comprehensive histologic subtyping along with other histologic characteristics has been shown to have good correlation with molecular analyses and clinical behavior. Also, it may be more meaningful clinically to measure tumor size in lung adenocarcinomas that have a lepidic component by using invasive size rather than total size to determine the size T factor.
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PMID:The lung adenocarcinoma guidelines: what to be considered by surgeons. 2534 7

The Thoracic Surgery and Thoracic Oncology groups of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR) have backed the publication of a handbook on recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to the high incidence and mortality of this disease, the best scientific evidence must be constantly updated and made available for consultation by healthcare professionals. To draw up these recommendations, we called on a wide-ranging group of experts from the different specialties, who have prepared a comprehensive review, divided into 4 main sections. The first addresses disease prevention and screening, including risk factors, the role of smoking cessation, and screening programs for early diagnosis. The second section analyzes clinical presentation, imaging studies, and surgical risk, including cardiological risk and the evaluation of respiratory function. The third section addresses cytohistological confirmation and staging studies, and scrutinizes the TNM and histological classifications, non-invasive and minimally invasive sampling methods, and surgical techniques for diagnosis and staging. The fourth and final section looks at different therapeutic aspects, such as the role of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, a multidisciplinary approach according to disease stage, and other specifically targeted treatments, concluding with recommendations on the follow-up of lung cancer patients and surgical and endoscopic palliative interventions in advanced stages.
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PMID:Executive summary of the SEPAR recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. 2723 92


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