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Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A standardised procedure in contacts of patients with all types of newly diagnosed tuberculosis was undertaken by the British Thoracic Association Research Committee to assess the present relevance of contact examination in Britain. The results suggest that the tracing and examination of contacts remains a worthwhile procedure, resulting in the detection of significant numbers of previously unsuspected cases of tuberculosis in the contact population. The yield of new cases of tuberculosis is very similar for the Asian and non-Asian (mainly British) communities, namely 3.4% and 3.6% respectively, of the close contacts examined. The yield of new cases is about three times as great as the above percentages when the index case is positive on sputum smear, and about a third as great when the index case has non-respiratory tuberculosis. The examination of close contacts represents a larger workload in the Asian communities, where there are about five close contacts per index case, compared with about three in the other communities. Most close contacts were diagnosed at initial examination, but contacts of Asian index cases had an appreciable morbidity on re-examination at one or two years, as did the close contacts of smear-positive index cases of other ethnic groups. Prior BCG vaccination has a protective effect in both populations and chemoprophylaxis seems to be used infrequently in close contacts at high risk. All close contacts should be examined once. Close contacts of Asian index cases with respiratory disease, and close contacts of smear positive non-Asian index cases should be examined annually for at least two years; BCG vaccination or chemoprophylaxis should be considered in these groups. Casual contacts need be examined only if unusual exposure to a highly infectious case has occurred.
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PMID:A study of a standardised contact procedure in tuberculosis. Report by the Contact Study Sub-Committee of The Research Committee of the British Thoracic Association. 72 82

Two cases of the latent form of Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy or Asphyxiating Thoracic Dystrophy without respiratory disease or respiratory problems are reported. The skeletal survey was diagnostic in both of them. In the first case it was performed after the pelvic film, ordered because of externally rotated thighs, showed triradiate acetabulum. In the second case the skeletal survey was requested because of undiagnosed mental retardation syndrome.
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PMID:Asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy without respiratory disease: report of two cases of the latent form. 82 32

A new method for objective assessment of cough under normal or pathological conditions is described. Thoracic coughing can be discriminated from any other pressure wave because of its relatively high frequency. This method was applied in a double blind crossover trial in 18 patients with respiratory disease.
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PMID:Objective evaluation of antitussive agents under clinical conditions. 110 26

A 16-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was evaluated for respiratory disease and found to have a primary lung tumor on postmortem examination. A tentative antemortem diagnosis was made on the basis of results of radiography and cytologic examination of a needle aspirate guided by ultrasonography. A histologic diagnosis of bronchioalveolar adenocarcinoma was made. Thoracic neoplasia is rare in horses. The most frequently reported primary pulmonary tumor is the granular cell tumor.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary neoplasm in a horse. 133 Oct 2

To further investigate the possibility of a cause and effect relationship between exposure to house-dust mite (HDM) allergens and respiratory disease associated with dust mite sensitivity, we compared schoolchildren living in the Alps, where exposure to HDM is low, with those living at sea level, where it is high. The study included 933 schoolchildren from the fourth and fifth grades. The protocol included the standardized 1978 American Thoracic Society (ATS) questionnaire for children, skin testing using common aero-allergens and controls, and antigenic measurements of dust samples from mattresses (Group I antigen). The prevalence of asthma with positive skin test to HDM and the overall prevalence of positive skin test to HDM were significantly lower in mountain schoolchildren. The mean geometric HDM antigenic level in mattresses was much lower in the Alps (0.36 micrograms/g dust) than at sea level (15.8 micrograms/g dust). In contrast, the prevalence of hay fever and positive skin test to grass pollens as well as the overall prevalence of positive skin tests to grass pollens were significantly higher in the Alps. These data illustrate a striking relationship between exposure to environmental allergens and atopic sensitization.
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PMID:Altitude and allergy to house-dust mites. A paradigm of the influence of environmental exposure on allergic sensitization. 202 54

A voluntary scheme for the surveillance of work related and occupational respiratory disease (SWORD) was established in January 1989 with help from the British Thoracic Society and the Society of Occupational Medicine and support from the Health and Safety Executive. Three hundred and fifty four chest physicians representing 90% of the chest clinics in the United Kingdom and 361 occupational physicians submit reports regularly of newly diagnosed cases of work related respiratory illness with information on age, sex, residence, occupation, and suspected causal agent. In 1989 2101 cases were notified, of which frequent diagnoses were asthma (26%), mesothelioma (16%), pneumoconiosis (15%), benign pleural disease (11%), and allergic alveolitis (6%). Incidence rates calculated against denominators from the Labour Force Survey showed very large differences between occupational groups, especially for asthma and asbestos related diseases. Substantial regional variation in the incidence of asthma was not explained by the geographical distribution of high risk industries and was probably due to differing levels of ascertainment. The results imply that the true frequency of acute occupational respiratory disease in the United Kingdom may have been three times greater than that reported.
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PMID:Occupational respiratory disease in the United Kingdom 1989: a report to the British Thoracic Society and the Society of Occupational Medicine by the SWORD project group. 203 41

Standardized French and English versions of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) respiratory disease questionnaire were administered to 204 English-speaking and 406 French-speaking male blue-collar aviation workers unexposed to occupational respiratory hazards. After adjusting for smoking status, age, years of education, foreign birth and maternal language other than French or English, no significant differences between the two questionnaires were found for response rates to usual cough, usual phlegm, mild or moderate dyspnoea, and chronic bronchitis. French-speaking workers reported significantly less wheeze with colds (OR = 0.60, p less than 0.02) and wheeze apart from colds (OR = 0.55, p less than 0.05) than the English-speaking group, but, the occurrence of wheeze on most days or nights was similar for both groups (OR = 1.02, NS). For 66 bilingual workers who completed both French and English questionnaires at a time interval of approximately two months, highly consistent results were found for sociodemographic data, smoking habits, cough, phlegm, breathlessness and chronic bronchitis, but not for wheeze with or apart from colds (agreement less than 90%; Kappa less than 0.50). These results reflect the difficulties in translating the concept of 'wheeze' from English to French. We conclude that most symptoms elicited by the French questionnaire may be generalized to English-speaking populations, but that questions pertaining to wheeze on most days or nights may be preferable to other questions concerning wheeze.
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PMID:Comparison of French and English versions of the American Thoracic Society respiratory questionnaire in a bilingual working population. 206 12

The American Thoracic Society (ATS) respiratory disease questionnaire for adults was translated by two fluently bilingual Quebec health professionals into simple, everyday French easily understood by an adult population of varying age and educational background. After independent assessment by professional translators, it was field-tested on 165 silicon carbide production workers. Responses to the ATS cough questions were significantly related to those obtained by a semiquantitative estimate of cough frequency. ATS questions on cough and phlegm were significantly associated with the physical sign of productive cough on request. A significant association was found between answers to questions on mild or moderate breathlessness and self-evaluation of breathing on a linear scale. Workers with cough, wheeze, or breathlessness had significantly lower percent-predicted FEV1, and FEV1 decreased as the severity of breathlessness increased. Highly significant, dose-dependent associations with current cigarette smoking habit were found for cough, phlegm and wheeze. Significant, dose-dependent associations with phlegm, wheeze and mild breathlessness also occurred with exposure to sulfur dioxide. All of these relationships are similar to findings from studies of English-speaking populations. Minor problems with the original English ATS questionnaire were discovered on translation, and suggestions for improvements were made. Preliminary experience with this French translation suggests that it is a useful, comparable version of the English ATS questionnaire.
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PMID:Evaluation of the ATS respiratory diseases questionnaire among French-speaking silicon carbide workers. 231 Oct 54

Seven dogs with pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis were reviewed. The disease occurred in six large-breed and one small-breed dogs. The dogs were five to 14 years old (mean, 8.4; median, 7), and four of seven dogs were males. Three dogs had been previously treated with adulticide therapy for canine dirofilariasis. Clinical histories included a progressive respiratory disease characterized by varying degrees of cough, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, and weight loss. Thoracic radiographic features included hilar lymphadenopathy, pulmonary masses of varying sizes, and mixed pulmonary patterns of lobar consolidation with ill-defined interstitial and alveolar pulmonary infiltrates. Cardiovascular changes compatible with chronic dirofilariasis were present in three dogs. The clinical course was usually progressive and fatal. The survival time ranged from six days to four years (mean, 12.5 mos; median, 3 mos). Gross and histologic features included mass lesions with areas of necrosis that replaced normal pulmonary architecture. Cytologically, these lesions were characterized by infiltration with pleomorphic, angioinvasive mononuclear cells that often resulted in vascular obliteration. The infiltrating cells resembled large lymphoid cells that possessed large hyperchromatic nuclei and small amounts of cytoplasm. Systemic lymphoid neoplasia with peripheral lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in two dogs. In both cases, lymph-node cytology was similar to the cellular infiltrates found in the lungs and consistent with a diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis. These features are compared with previously reported cases of canine lymphomatoid granulomatosis and those features identified in a similar disease described in man.
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PMID:Pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis in seven dogs (1976-1987). 236 26

Some patients may experience respiratory side effects on betaxolol in spite of the greater safety which is claimed for this ocular hypotensive drug compared with timolol. Six of 29 patients using betaxolol complained of wheeze or respiratory distress and five of these patients were rechallenged with betaxolol and a placebo in a double-masked clinical study, respiratory function being measured before and after each medication according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. No patient showed any change in respiratory function either with betaxolol or the placebo. The findings further support the safety of betaxolol even in patients with respiratory disease, though some caution should be observed.
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PMID:The significance of reactions to betaxolol reported by patients. 262 25


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