Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0729233 (Thoracic)
 6,478 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical manifestations of thoracic tuberculosis are highly varied and unspecific, and can be superimposed on that of any other bacterial infection that affects the same organs. What is especially notable is the high frequency with which the primary infection goes unnoticed and the persistence of the symptomology in the secondary infection. This review analyses the most common signs and symptoms and the frequency of their presentation. Thoracic tuberculosis has a series of patterns of presentation and cure that, although equally varied and non-pathognomonic, are on occasion highly characteristic, with their discovery making possible a high level of diagnostic suspicion. We describe all the patterns of presentation of all the classically accepted primary and post-primary tuberculosis and their frequency, as well as the radiological characteristics of the most relevant complications and sequels.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical manifestations and radiology of thoracic tuberculosis]. 1789 27

A two-year-old female German shepherd dog was presented with chronic cough and haemoptysis. Thoracic radiographs revealed a thin-walled cavitary lesion within a consolidated left cranial lung lobe. Bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed a concurrent bacterial infection; however, despite antibiotic and anthelmintic therapy the clinical signs failed to resolve. A left cranial lung lobectomy was performed. Histopathology and fungal culture confirmed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus. The necrotic cavity had features compatible with a bronchial origin, possibly a form of cystic bronchiectasis, arising either as a congenital anomaly or acquired secondary to infection. Surgery provided resolution of clinical signs for just over a year before the dog deteriorated again and was subsequently euthanised. Necropsy was declined by the owners. This case report presents a unique presentation in which the predominant clinical sign was coughing due to pulmonary involvement. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the left cranial lung lobe.
 ...
PMID:Cavitary pulmonary lesion associated with Aspergillus fumigatus infection in a German shepherd dog. 2213 51

A 37-year-old woman with body mass index > 30 was admitted to hospital with severe pneumonia due to H1N1v. Thoracic X-ray showed bilateral, diffuse infiltrates. There was no sign of complicating bacterial infection and all microbiological tests of tracheal secretion, blood and urine were negative. Polymerase chain reaction test for H1N1v was positive until day ten. No mutations were found in the virus. The patient was given oseltamivir tablets and inhalable zanamivir as well as antibiotics. The patient was treated with extra-corporal membrane oxygenation (EcmO) for 12 days followed by ventilator weaning. The patient had no neurological sequelae.
 ...
PMID:[Influenza A H1N1v treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]. 2072

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by Actinomyces species. Actinomyces israelii is the organism most commonly found in human disease. Actinomycosis usually manifests with abscess formation, dense fibrosis, and draining sinuses. The disease is further characterized by the tendency to extensively spread beyond normal fascial and connective tissue planes. Actinomycosis occurs most commonly in the cervicofacial region (50%-65%), followed by the thoracic (15%-30%) and abdominopelvic (20%) regions, but rarely involves the central nervous system. Most cases of cervicofacial actinomycosis are odontogenic in origin. In the acute form, cervicofacial disease can manifest with soft-tissue swelling, a painful pyogenic abscess, or a mass lesion. In the subacute to chronic form, a painless indurated mass can spread to the skin, leading to draining sinus tracts. Thoracic manifestations include parenchymal, bronchiectatic, and endobronchial actinomycosis. At computed tomography, pulmonary actinomycosis usually appears as chronic segmental airspace consolidation containing necrotic low-attenuation areas with peripheral enhancement. Abdominopelvic actinomycosis preferentially involves the ileocecal region, ovary, and fallopian tube. The imaging findings favoring abdominopelvic actinomycosis include strong enhancement in the solid portion of the mass after contrast material administration, small rim-enhancing abscesses within the mass, and extensive inflammatory extensions. Actinomycosis in the central nervous system may produce brain abscess, meningitis, subdural empyema, actinomycetoma, and spinal and cranial epidural abscess. In general, actinomycosis responds well to antibiotic therapy, but long-term follow-up after treatment is needed because of frequent relapses.
 ...
PMID:Imaging of actinomycosis in various organs: a comprehensive review. 2442 79

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death after acute spinal cord injury and is associated with poor neurological outcome. In contrast to the current understanding, attributing enhanced infection susceptibility solely to the patient's environment and motor dysfunction, we investigate whether a secondary functional neurogenic immune deficiency (spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome, SCI-IDS) may account for the enhanced infection susceptibility. We applied a clinically relevant model of experimental induced pneumonia to investigate whether the systemic SCI-IDS is functional sufficient to cause pneumonia dependent on spinal cord injury lesion level and investigated whether findings are mirrored in a large prospective cohort study after human spinal cord injury. In a mouse model of inducible pneumonia, high thoracic lesions that interrupt sympathetic innervation to major immune organs, but not low thoracic lesions, significantly increased bacterial load in lungs. The ability to clear the bacterial load from the lung remained preserved in sham animals. Propagated immune susceptibility depended on injury of central pre-ganglionic but not peripheral postganglionic sympathetic innervation to the spleen. Thoracic spinal cord injury level was confirmed as an independent increased risk factor of pneumonia in patients after motor complete spinal cord injury (odds ratio = 1.35, P < 0.001) independently from mechanical ventilation and preserved sensory function by multiple regression analysis. We present evidence that spinal cord injury directly causes increased risk for bacterial infection in mice as well as in patients. Besides obvious motor and sensory paralysis, spinal cord injury also induces a functional SCI-IDS ('immune paralysis'), sufficient to propagate clinically relevant infection in an injury level dependent manner.
...
PMID:Spinal cord injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome enhances infection susceptibility dependent on lesion level. 2675 88

Objective: To summarize the experience of selection and maintainence for the lungs from donation. Methods: From January 2015 to June 2016, 62 cases had been evaluated by Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. All the clinic data had been collected to evaluate the donor lungs, including the basic information, physical examination, results of radiology and laboratory, the bronchoscope, etc. All the satisfactory donors had been harvested and transplanted to the receipient and then follow up. Results: Forty cases of donor lung had been harvested from 62 cases. There were 31 male and 9 female cases with average age of 28.7 years. There were 34 cases form donation after brain death and 6 cases from donation after circulatory death. In addition, 8 cases which were considered to be the marginal donors became satisfied after the donor maintanence. The microbe in all 40 cases had been detected and the bacterial infection rate was 82.5% (33/40). The microbe below could be detected in the bronchial stump or lung tissue, including Klebsiella Pneumonia, Baumanii, Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococcus Faecium, etc. In the end, 22 bilateral lung transplantations, 17 single lung transplantations, 1 heart-lung transplantation had been implemented successfully and the survival rate in the perioperative period was 90.0%. Conclusions: The utilization ratio of donation can be increased and the waste of medical resource in unacceptable donor can be reduced by the sufficient donor selection and maintanence. The participation of multi-department is needed in the process of donor selection and maintanence.
 ...
PMID:[Experience of the selection and maintainence for donor lung: 62 cases attached]. 2791 31

While the world is grappling with the consequences of a global pandemic related to SARS-CoV-2 causing severe pneumonia, available evidence points to bacterial infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae as the most common cause of severe community acquired pneumonia (SCAP). Rapid diagnostics and molecular testing have improved the identification of co-existent pathogens. However, mortality in patients admitted to ICU remains staggeringly high. The American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America have updated CAP guidelines to help streamline disease management. The common theme is use of timely, appropriate and adequate antibiotic coverage to decrease mortality and avoid drug resistance. Novel antibiotics have been studied for CAP and extend the choice of therapy, particularly for those who are intolerant of, or not responding to standard treatment, including those who harbor drug resistant pathogens. In this review, we focus on the risk factors, microbiology, site of care decisions and treatment of patients with SCAP.
 ...
PMID:Updates on community acquired pneumonia management in the ICU. 3280 98