Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The number of cases of neonatal Haemophilus influenzae sepsis reported in the literature has increased. The predominant serotypes (80%) involved in neonates appear to be non-type b whereas in older infants type b is responsible for the great majority of cases. It appears that most cases of neonatal H. influenzae sepsis begin before or at the time of delivery, as the disease is strongly associated with early postnatal onset (83%), prematurity (83%), and a variety of maternal complications (44%). The mortality rate is 55.5% overall but 90% among babies born at less than or equal to 30 weeks of gestation.
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PMID:Characteristic features of neonatal sepsis due to Haemophilus influenzae. 353 17

Several important issues regarding chemoprophylaxis for H. influenzae type b infections should be resolved before general adoption of the recommendations of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. Unfortunately the recommendations place the practicing pediatrician in a medical-legal dilemma if he does not comply. The prematurity of the recommendations may preclude further placebo-controlled, prospective evaluation of the efficacy of rifampin or other agents in the prevention of secondary disease. In any event the administration of chemoprophylaxis must not replace close surveillance of all members of the contact group. Band et al. estimated that 150 to 200 of the approximately 20,000 cases of invasive H. influenzae type b disease that occur each year in the United States may be preventable by prophylaxis. Primary prevention with a safe effective vaccine would have a much greater impact.
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PMID:Counterpoint: the red book opts for red urine. 681 50

Polysaccharide-encapsulated organisms such as S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b and N. meningitidis are the leading causes of serious invasive bacterial diseases and pneumonia in children. The use of conjugate vaccines in developed countries has markedly decreased the burden of disease and mortality from these organisms through direct protection of the immunised and through herd immunity. Although conjugate vaccines are highly immunogenic, antibody levels after immunisation in early infancy wane, leading to the need for programmes which include booster doses. Understanding the generation of long-term immunity could lead to improvements in vaccine formulation and scheduling with the ultimate goal of providing more sustained protection. Prematurity is a risk factor for disease caused by polysaccharide-encapsulated bacteria and the available data indicate that preterm infants should be immunised according to their chronological age to provide early protection.
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PMID:Challenges in immunisation against bacterial infection in children. 2085 37