Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 25-year period (1972-1996), 585 patients with esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula were treated at the Department of Pediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, India. Increasing awareness of the anomaly has led to early detection and referral with fewer pulmonary complications. For purposes of analysis the period has been divided into five phases, with a steady decline in overall mortality observed from 95.4% in phase 1 to 41% in phase V. Although postoperative complications have also shown a declining trend, delay in diagnosis, prematurity, low birth weight, delayed arrival at the surgical centers, sepsis, pulmonary complications including pneumonitis, and inadequate nursing care all continue to contribute substantially to lower the survival in developing countries such as ours.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: a review of 25 years' experience. 1105 45

This article analyzes an intervention by the Rio de Janeiro Municipal Health Department (SMS-RJ), Brazil, to reduce the neonatal mortality rate (strategies for organizing and upgrading neonatal care in the municipal system, including an increase in the number of neonatal high-risk beds). We studied the trends in neonatal mortality rate (1995/2000), neonatal care provided in different public hospitals (1994/2000), and admissions profile and mortality in four neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) under the SMS-RJ (2000). There was a concentration of high-risk neonatal care in the municipal hospitals (an increase from 28.0% of the care provided for live premature neonates in 1994 to 67.0% in 2000) and a reduction in the neonatal mortality rate in units under the Unified National Health System (from 19.9 deaths per thousand live births in 1996 to 15.5 in 2000). There was no reduction in the prematurity and low birth weight rates among mothers residing in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Analysis of admissions to the NICUs showed a high proportion of neonates born to mothers from municipalities outside Rio de Janeiro, while 14.0% of the mothers had not received prenatal care, and the mortality rate among newborns with birth weight < 1.500g was 32.0%.
 ...
PMID:[Neonatal care and mortality in public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1994/2000]. 1602 Dec 65

Traditionally, nicotine from second hand smoke (SHS), active or passive, has been considered the most prevalent substance of abuse used during pregnancy in industrialized countries. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with a variety of health effects, including lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Tobacco is also a major burden to people who do not smoke. As developing individuals, newborns and children are particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of SHS. In particular, prenatal ETS has adverse consequences during the entire childhood causing an increased risk of abortion, low birth weight, prematurity and/or nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Over the last years, a decreasing trend in smoking habits during pregnancy has occurred, along with the implementation of laws requiring smoke free public and working places. The decrease in the incidence of prenatal tobacco exposure has usually been assessed using maternal questionnaires. In order to diminish bias in self-reporting, objective biomarkers have been developed to evaluate this exposure. The measurement of nicotine and its main metabolite, cotinine, in non-conventional matrices such as cord blood, breast milk, hair or meconium can be used as a non-invasive measurement of prenatal SMS in newborns. The aim of this review is to highlight the prevalence of ETS (prenatal and postnatal) using biomarkers in non-conventional matrices before and after the implementation of smoke free policies and health effects related to this exposure during foetal and/or postnatal life.
...
PMID:Transgenerational exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. 2503 41

Clinical presentation and management modalities for 585 patients of esophageal atresia and/or tracheo-esophageal fistula reporting to Department of Paediatric Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur over twenty five years (1972-1996) were analyzed in five phases of five years each retrospectively. Over the period of observation, the incidence of new cases as well the number of associated anomalies have shown a steady increase due to availability of modern diagnostic facilities. The operative mortality has shown a progressive decline from 95% early in the series to 40% in last few years. Post-operative anastomotic leaks occurred in 21% of cases, strictures in 8% and recurrent fistula in 1% of cases. The presence of severe associated anomalies, prematurity, pulmonary complications and sepsis still remain the major killers in our setup. Early detection and referral has lead to more infants reaching the specialized centres with less pulmonary complications. In the last decade, the survival rate for infants in Waterston's risk group A has improved to 86% but there is still a substantial difference in the survival rate reported from developed countries. The various factors resulting in poorer results in our set up have been highlighted.
 ...
PMID:TWENTY FIVE YEARS OF INTERACTION WITH ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA AND TRACHEO-ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA. 2877 59