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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (c-AMP) and creatinine were measured in full-term and premature infants. In normals, values for c-AMP were highest on days 1 and 2 (1.3-1.5 nmol/ml) and decreased thereafter. In prematures the c-AMP values were significantly lower than in the full-term infants. There was a rough correlation with birth weight. Creatinine values were closely reflected by the c-AMP levels. Changes found in neonatal jaundice, hypocalcaemia, respiratory distress syndrome, and anoxia could be attributed to prematurity. No diurnal variation in c-AMP values was found.
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PMID:Urinary content of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and creatinine in full-term and premature infants. 20 64

Tyrosyluria and for a part also tyrosinemia were studied in 60 healthy prematures of various birth weights and gestational ages. The first analyses were performed between the 6th and the 14th day after birth. A normal milk diet was given and the protein-intake was between 3 and 4 g/kg. After the first collection of urine half the patients received extra ascorbic acid, 100 mg/kg daily. Urinary analyses of tyrosine and p-hydroxyphenyl metabolites were performed once a week, until the excretion of p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic plus p-hydroxyphenyllactic acids was lower than 5 mmoles per gram creatinine. In 22 out of the 60 prematures (or 37%) a tyrosyluria of more than 5 mmoles/g creatinine and in 19 out of 44 (43%) patients analysed serum tyrosine was higher than 5 mg/100 ml at first analysis. No inverse correlation between tyrosyluria and tyrosinemia on the one hand and birth weight and gestational age on the other hand existed. But in children with a delayed intra-uterine development the incidence of tyrosyluria was higher as prematurity was more pronounced. Ascorbic acid had no effect on the rate of disappearance of tyrosyluria. It was concluded that the addition of extra vitamin C to the diet of prematures is not useful for the normalization of tyrosine metabolism.
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PMID:Tyrosinemia and tyrosyluria in healthy prematures: time courses not vitamin C-dependent. 117 92

Many centers still recommend avoidance of pregnancy after renal transplantation because of fears for the safety of both mother and fetus. These fears are in part based on a lack of information concerning the effects of newer immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine on the course and outcome of pregnancy. The present study examines the experience of first pregnancies following renal transplantation in a single center, with emphasis on the role of CsA. Data on the first pregnancies of 22 women transplanted between 1977 and 1988 were studied. The mean age of patients at the time of transplant was 23.4 +/- 3.1 years and interval from transplant to pregnancy was 34.5 +/- 24.5 months (range 1-75 months). Twelve patients received CsA alone or in combination with other immunosuppressives, while the remaining 10 patients received azathioprine and prednisone. Mean serum creatinine fell progressively during pregnancy in both CsA- and azathioprine-treated mothers. Mean CsA dose rose during pregnancy while mean CsA blood concentration fell during the 2nd trimester (P = 0.042). The gestation period ranged from 27 to 40 weeks (35.5 +/- 3.3) with 14 pregnancies ending prematurely prior to 37 weeks. Thirteen deliveries occurred by Caesarian section. Hypertension complicated 10 pregnancies. Birth weight correlated directly with both maternal weight gain (r = 0.57; P less than 0.02) and gestational age (r = 0.9; P less than 0.01). Ten of 23 offspring were below the 10th percentile for weight. Mean birth weight ranged from 0.72 to 3.7 kg (2.3 +/- 0.84 kg). The mean birth weight and gestational age of children born to mothers taking CsA were lower than those in azathioprine treated mothers but these differences were not statistically significant. Successful pregnancy is possible following renal transplantation, although there is a high rate of prematurity, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. CsA dose requirements may be increased. Maternal risks including hypertension require that such pregnancies be handled by a multidisciplinary team approach.
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PMID:The outcome of pregnancy following renal transplantation--the experience of a single center. 141 22

Gram-negative bacterial infections were documented in 6 neonatal New World camelids (5 Ilamas and 1 alpaca). The organisms isolated from blood before death or from multiple organs after death were Escherichia coli (n = 3), Actinobacillus sp (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1). Only 2 crias survived, and 1 became blind secondary to retinal detachment and ocular inflammation, which developed after treatment for bacterial infection. Abnormal events during the perinatal period (prematurity, dystocia, cesarean section, weak at birth) were reported in all 6 crias. Signs of depression, convulsions, and/or coma were observed in all animals. Diarrhea and respiratory distress were also noticed in the 3 crias that died shortly after admission. Serum immunoglobulins were assessed, but without the benefit of a stall-side test specific for Ilama immunoglobulins. All crias were suspected to have poor transfer of maternal immunoglobulins. Hemograms and serum biochemical values prior to the initiation of treatment were obtained on 5 of the 6 crias. Total nucleated cells ranged from 1,400 to 23,100 cells/microliter. Four of the 5 crias has a left shift, and 2 crias had toxic neutrophils. Serum glucose concentrations, measured in 5 of 6 crias, ranged from 83 to 293 mg/dl. Serum creatinine values were high in 2 of 5 crias, 1 of which had acute tubular necrosis. Three crias with high serum electrolyte (sodium, chloride, or potassium) values subsequently died. Arterial blood gas values were assessed in 3 crias, 1 of which had respiratory alkalosis and mild hypoxemia.
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PMID:Gram-negative bacterial infection in neonatal New World camelids: six cases (1985-1991). 142 94

Fourteen foals less than four days of age were treated with the aminoglycoside, amikacin sulphate, and either penicillin or ampicillin for septicaemia, pneumonia, and/or failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer. Serum amikacin concentrations were determined at three times during an 8 or 12 h dosing interval. A 7.0 mg/kg bodyweight dose of amikacin every 8 h was appropriate. Prematurity did not influence mortality. All seven premature foals survived, whereas four of the seven full term foals died. Uraemia in three foals was caused by urinary bladder rupture; amikacin-induced nephrotoxicity was not recognised by clinical chemistries (elevations in serum creatinine or blood urea nitrogen concentrations) or post-mortem findings.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in critically ill neonatal foals treated for presumed or confirmed sepsis. 229 86

Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH), ionized calcium, the urinary cyclic AMP/creatinine ratio (cAMP/Cr) and some indices of bone turnover (alkaline phosphatase (AP), serum osteocalcin, and the urinary total hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio (OH-P/Cr)) were measured in 26 preterm infants during the first 4 weeks of life. Despite of stimulated parathyroid gland activity cAMP/Cr, AP, osteocalcin and OH-P/Cr were low during the first week. Thereafter iPTH decreased, whereas cAMP/Cr, and the indices of bone turnover increased, reaching high-normal values (in comparison to full-term infants) during the second and third week of life. Serum iPTH was negatively correlated to cAMP/Cr in the first week (r = -0.61, p less than 0.01), whereas the relationship became positive during the second (r = 0.47, p less than 0.05) and third (r = 0.54, p less than 0.05) week of life indicating maturation of the renal response to PTH. The study supports the concept that in premature infants a transient pseudohypoparathyroid-like state is present during the first week of life reflecting an immaturity of renal and possibly bone response to PTH. This may be an etiological factor in hypocalcemia of prematurity.
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PMID:Evidence for transient peripheral resistance to parathyroid hormone in premature infants. 303 25

Hepatic dysfunction is one of the frequent manifestations of multisystemic involvement in preeclampsia. This study was conducted to establish the impact of liver dysfunction on maternal and neonatal outcome in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). The prevalence of liver dysfunction as determined by an elevated serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) concentration was 21% in a population of 355 patients with PIH. Liver dysfunction was associated with the presence of severe hypertension, proteinuria, a lower platelet count, and renal compromise (elevated blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid serum concentrations). Abdominal pain was also associated with an SGOT elevation. Liver dysfunction was associated with intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity. Furthermore, the association with these neonatal complications was independent from the severity of the hypertension and the presence of proteinuria. Thus, we conclude that liver dysfunction is a frequent complication of PIH and that it is an independent risk factor for maternal and perinatal complications.
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PMID:Clinical significance of liver dysfunction in pregnancy-induced hypertension. 334 61

Urinary free immunoreactive cortisol excretion was measured in 20 full term, 20 premature and 20 premature newborns of mothers who had been treated with 12 mg betamethasone 48 hours before delivery. In 10 full term newborns delivered normally, values were 40 +/- 20 nmol/mmol creatinine on the first, 23 +/- 8 on the second and 21 +/- 6 on the third day of life. In 10 full term newborns with stressful delivery, the corresponding values were 63 +/- 39, 44 +/- 33 and 32 +/- 17 nmol/mmol creatinine in the first three days of life. The levels of urinary free immunoreactive cortisol of 10 premature newborns delivered without stress were 170 +/- 116, 91 +/- 75 and 70 +/- 61 nmol/mmol creatinine respectively, on days one, two and three of life. Ten premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome had values of 471 +/- 187, 526 +/- 465 and 636 +/- 906 nmol/mmol creatinine, respectively. The 10 premature newborns whose mothers had received betamethasone, had urinary free immunoreactive cortisol levels of 109 +/- 120, 55 +/- 42 and 66 +/- 84 nmol/mmol creatinine, lower than the other premature infants. This difference, however, was not statistically significant. We conclude that premature infants regardless of stress or normal labor have high urinary free immunoreactive cortisol excretion, suggesting that prematurity per se is a potent stress.
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PMID:Free urinary cortisol immunoreactive levels in premature and full term infants. 356 73

Bloodspot 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, plasma cortisol, plasma sodium and urinary 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, cortisol, sodium and creatinine levels were determined in 24 term and 32 pre-term infants on the third, eighth and fourteenth days of life. Pre-term infants, whether 'well' or 'sick', had significantly raised bloodspot 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels (up to 158 nmol/L) compared with those found in term infants (up to 18.8 nmol/L). Urinary 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone creatinine ratios were also higher in pre-term infants. Plasma cortisol results showed similar ranges for term and pre-term infants, and bloodspot 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone/plasma cortisol ratios for day 3 specimens correlated with the degree of prematurity. These results may be due either to immature enzyme systems in the pre-term baby or to an excess of related steroids cross-reacting in the 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone assay. We propose the use of two distinct upper limits of normal of 20 nmol/L (term infants) and 200 nmol/L (pre-term infants), for the interpretation of bloodspot 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels at the end of the first week of life.
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PMID:The interpretation of bloodspot 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels in term and pre-term neonates. 376 91

Early reports on SLE were too small in number to determine that pregnancy was contraindicated in patients with renal involvement. Later reports show that patients with lupus nephropathy can have successful pregnancies provided certain preconditions are established. Optimal preconditions include prepregnancy remission of at least 6 months, renal function with serum creatinine 1.5 mg/dl or less or creatinine clearance of 60 ml/min or more or proteinuria of 3 g/24 hr or less. Successful pregnancies have been recorded in some patients with more severe renal impairment. Renal function will remain unchanged in approximately 60% of pregnancies; and although deterioration may occur, it is only severe or permanent in less than 10%. In 26% of patients, mild to severe renal impairment was transient, with recovery to prepregnancy levels of renal function. Proteinuria with good creatinine clearance may not be dangerous. Hypertension or superimposed preeclampsia jeopardizes the outcome. Fetal outcome averaged approximately 70% (range, 41-77%) live births, 17.8% (range, 5.1-40%) spontaneous abortions, 19.7% (range, 3.0-38.5%) prematurity, and 8.2% SGA. Therapeutic abortion is not a modality of treatment of lupus nephropathy. Management of patients with lupus nephropathy is twofold and includes suppression of underlying lupus activity as well as the serial evaluation of chronic renal disease. In chronic lupus nephropathy with inactive SLE maternal and fetal outcome is the same as for pregnant patients with chronic renal disease of other causes. Strict fetal surveillance must be performed to decrease the stillbirth rate. The concomitant increase in prematurity demands the services of a tertiary care neonatal unit. Management necessitates the team approach of the obstetrician, nephrologist, rheumatologist, and neonatologist working in collaboration. The reports which contain large numbers of patients now allow better counseling of these patients who are contemplating pregnancy.
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PMID:Lupus nephropathy and pregnancy. 389 19


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