Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The objective of this study was to measure serum IGF-I, IGFBP-3, copper and zinc levels and to analyze their relationship to perinatal growth. Serum IGF-I (RIA after acid-ethanol extraction), IGFBP-3 (RIA), copper and zinc (atomic absorption spectrophotometry) levels were measured in cord blood (n = 78) and in newborn children 1 (n = 110) and 3 (n = 42) weeks after birth. Anthropometric variables were measured and the weekly average intake of energy and nutrients were calculated. We found that IGF-I and zinc levels during the 1st week of postnatal life were lower in fullterm LGA and AGA and in preterm (PT) AGA infants than in cord blood. The highest IGF-I levels were obtained in LGE fullterm infants (37.9 +/- 29.5 ng/mL) and the lowest in SGA preterm infants (9.3 +/- 10.3 ng/mL). Serum zinc levels in preterm neonates continued decreasing at the 3rd week after birth. However, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels increased significantly (IGF-I: 13.2 +/- 15.5 vs 34.5 +/- 27.3 ng/mL, p < 0.01; IGFBP-3: 364.3 +/- 185.1 vs 634.1 +/- 306.9 ng/mL, p < 0.01). Serum copper levels in the control group increased in relationship to the levels found at the 1st week of life, while this increase neither happened in fullterm SGA infants nor in preterm infants. A positive relationship was found between IGF-I and IGFBP-3. Both were directly connected to energy and protein intake. We conclude that intrauterine over-nutrition is related to higher IGF-I levels, whereas prematurity and intrauterine growth retardation are associated with lower zinc, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels and with a lack of increase in copper serum levels.
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PMID:[Trace elements and growth factors in the perinatal period]. 884 86

The aims of this study were: (1) to determine whether premature and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children have alterations to the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-IGF binding protein axis and (2) to evaluate growth in premature children. Three groups of children were evaluated: (i) premature children of </= 32 weeks gestation, which included appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) subgroups; (ii) term children of >36 weeks gestation, which included AGA and SGA subgroups; and (iii) children born at term and AGA with normal childhood heights and weights. Fasting plasma IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and IGF-II (all expressed as microgm/L) were drawn on available subjects. To examine the influence of SGA on the IGF-IGFBP axis, term SGA subjects were compared with term AGA subjects. To examine the influence of prematurity on the IGF-IGFBP axis, preterm SGA subjects were compared with term SGA subjects and preterm AGA subjects were compared with the normal-stature AGA controls. This ensured that groups of very similar stature and nutritional statuses were compared. Auxological data were available for 24 premature children, and biochemical data were available for 77 children, including the premature children. Across the height standard deviation score (SDS) range, premature children did not reach mid-parental height (MPH) SDS and were approximately 0.6 standard deviations (SDs) below the MPH SD (P < 0.0001). Plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels were higher in term SGA subjects compared with term AGA subjects (P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, IGF-I and IGFBP-3 values were lower in the premature SGA subgroup compared with the premature AGA subgroup (P < 0.001 for both), and both were also lower in the premature AGA subgroup compared with the normal-statured AGA subgroup (P < 0.001 for both). IGF-II values were higher in the preterm group than in the term group (P < 0.001). In conclusion, very low birth weight (VLBW) children, regardless of whether they were AGA or SGA, have low plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in mid-childhood, suggesting partial growth hormone (GH) resistance. Conversely, term SGA children have elevated plasma IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels. When combined, premature birth plays a more dominant role than SGA on the IGF-IGF binding protein axis.
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PMID:The endocrine consequences for very low birth weight premature infants. 1513 95

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) may be classified into partial isolated GHD (partial IGHD), severe IGHD or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) by the severity of GHD or associated with deficiency of one or more other anterior pituitary hormones during provocative tests. Morphological alterations on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with GHD include pituitary hypoplasia, absence or interruption of pituitary stalk, and absence or ectopic posterior lobe. This study investigated the auxological, clinical severity, and anatomical characteristics of the pituitary hypothalamic region by MRI and correlated their relationships. We evaluated these parameters in 45 Taiwanese children with GHD (31 males and 14 females), aged from 3.13 to 17.91 years (10.5+/-2.5), who were divided into diagnostic subgroups of partial IGHD (18 patients), severe IGHD (13 patients), and MPHD (14 patients). We found that BA-CA, peak GH, IGF-I, IGF-I SDS, and height SDS were significantly different among these three groups. The partial IGHD group had significantly higher IGF-I than the MPHD group. There was no significant difference in prematurity, cesarean delivery, birth order, neonatal jaundice, and target height among these three groups. On MRI, patients with MPHD had significantly smaller pituitary height (PHt) SDS (p = 0.0012) and higher frequency of pituitary hypoplasia, pituitary stalk interruption, and ectopic posterior lobe (p = 0.026, 0.008, 0.005, respectively) than the other two groups. Furthermore, PHt SDS was correlated not only with peak GH (r = 0.40, p = 0.0058), but also with basal IGF-I SDS (r = 0.49, p = 0.0007) and body height SDS (r = 0.44, p = 0.025). In conclusion, morphological alterations on MRI of the hypothalamic-pituitary area are correlated with the severity of hypopituitarism. Meticulous evaluation of auxological, clinical and MRI findings can help evaluation of the severity of hypopituitarism and facilitate appropriate treatment in children with GHD.
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PMID:Auxological, clinical and MRI findings in Taiwanese children with growth hormone deficiency. 1557 Sep 89

IGF-I is important for somatic growth and development of the human fetus and neonate. IGF-I also plays an important role in normal vascularization of human retina, as it has been suggested that insufficient IGF-I may be a factor in the development of retinopathy of prematurity. The principal regulator of the bioavailability of IGF-I in the circulation is IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3). The aim of this study was to study factors associated with postnatal serum concentrations of IGF-I and of IGFBP-3 in preterm infants from birth to an age corresponding to 40 wk postmenstruation. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study in which we measured serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 concentrations in 76 preterm infants from birth (postmenstrual ages 23-32 wk) until discharge from hospital around 40 wk. Information regarding nutrition, weight gain, maternal factors, and treatment with corticosteroids were collected weekly. Variables found to be associated with postnatal change over time of serum IGF-I and IGFBP-3 were postmenstrual age (p<0.001), weight gain (standard deviation score) (p<0.001), and enteral intake of protein (p<0.001). Male gender was associated with lower IGF-I levels (p<0.001). The relationship between protein intake and IGF-I (and also between protein intake and IGFBP-3) was positive, as was the relationship between weight gain and IGF-I (and between weight gain and IGFBP-3). These results indicate that the degree of prematurity, low enteral protein intake, male gender, and slow weight gain are associated with a slower postnatal increase of IGF-I in preterm infants.
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PMID:The role of maternal factors, postnatal nutrition, weight gain, and gender in regulation of serum IGF-I among preterm infants. 1569 99

The perinatal period is known to be a critical period for pancreatic development, and the impact of prematurity on the development of insulin secretion and sensitivity is poorly defined. Premature infants are at risk of hyperglycaemia which is a marker of relative insulin deficiency which impacts on anabolism both directly and indirectly by regulation of insulin like growth factors. The use of insulin in preterm infants and prevention of hyperglycaemia could also effect immune function, lipid metabolism, growth and IGF-I generation leading to improved short term clinical outcomes such as retinopathy of prematurity. It may also have longer term health effects however the outcomes of clinical trials are currently awaited.
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PMID:Insulin therapy in preterm newborns. 1884 11

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I represents one of the most important growth regulators, playing a central role in fetal and neonatal growth. Plasma IGF-I levels increase rapidly after birth, and they are influenced by numerous factors, including sex, age, nutritional state, and premature birth. The aims of this study were: (1) to evaluate the IGF-I plasma profile in healthy newborn foals during the first 2 weeks of life; (2) to assess the possible influence of sex and birth weight on this hormone; (3) to analyze the percentage increment of IGF-I values in healthy foals; (4) to evaluate the influence of prematurity on IGF-I profile; (5) to verify the role of IGF-I as a diagnostic marker of prematurity; and (6) to analyze the percentage increment of IGF-I in premature foals. Thirty-four healthy term foals were enrolled as the control group and from each foal plasma was collected within 6 hours from birth, at 12 hours, daily from Day 1 to Day 7, and at Days 10 and 14 after birth. Eleven foals aged younger than 1 week and diagnosed as premature and hospitalized at a Equine Perinatology Unit were also enrolled; from each foal plasma was collected daily from the day of admission to discharge or death. Insulin-like growth factor I was analyzed by RIA. In the control group, an increasing trend of IGF-I concentrations was found, with higher values from Day 4 to 10 compared with data obtained at less than 6 hours of life, and from Day 5 to 10 compared with 12 and 24 hours and 3 days. No differences were found in healthy foals analyzed in relation to birth weight and sex. In premature foals an increasing trend was observed but no statistical differences were found among sampling times, and no differences were found between healthy and premature foals. The IGF value in premature foals at admission was always higher compared with the lowest recorded level in healthy age-matched foals, thus this parameter does not seem to have a diagnostic role for prematurity in foals. Finally, the evaluation of the percentage increment of IGF-I concentrations showed a significant increase in full-term foals on Day 5, 6, 7, and 10 compared with 12 and 24 hours, and no differences were observed in premature foals. In conclusion, prematurity in newborn foals seems to affect only partially IGF-I plasma concentrations and it does not seem to be a reliable marker for this pathological condition.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor I: could it be a marker of prematurity in the foal? 2321 97