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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data collected from standardized temporomandibular joint examination forms and treatment records of patients diagnosed as having Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome and treated using occlusal adjustment as the primary mode have been presented. A higher success rate was found in those patients: (1) with a chief complaint of pain confined to the area of one or both temporomandibular joints only, (2) whose answer to location of pain on initial examination was identified as confined solely to the region of one or both temporomandibular joints, (3) with muscle tenderness to palpation to one or both lateral pterygoid muscles with no other muscle involvement, (4) recorded as having a centric discrepancy in the absence of a balancing side prematurity, and (5) in the 31 to 40-year-old age group.
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PMID:Statistical analysis of an urban population of 236 patients with head and neck pain. Part III. Treatment modalities. 28 15

Necrotizing funisitis is associated with an increased rate of stillbirth, perinatal infection, and preterm delivery. No one organism has been associated with necrotizing funisitis, although this condition has been linked with congenital syphilis in some studies. We report a case of necrotizing funisitis in a 24-year-old G2P0A2 woman who experienced preterm labor at 31 weeks of gestation. Examination of the placenta revealed severe chorioamnionitis and necrotizing funisitis; large numbers of gram-positive filamentous branching organisms could be seen on the surface of the cord and within Wharton jelly. Initial cultures of the placenta, which had not been maintained under anaerobic conditions after delivery, were negative. A fragment of the cord was then homogenized; anaerobic culture on brain-heart infusion agar yielded Actinomyces meyeri. This organism usually resides in the periodontal sulcus and has not been previously reported in the female genital tract. The mother gave a history of a dental abscess that flared up and drained with each of her three pregnancies; the pain was particularly severe during the last 2 months of this pregnancy, so she had the tooth removed after delivery. The infant was treated for prematurity and presumed sepsis and did well.
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PMID:Necrotizing funisitis associated with Actinomyces meyeri infection: a case report. 785 12

In a prospective study of 36 children who were extremely low birthweight (ELBW: < 1000 g) preterm infants and 36 matched full-term controls, differences were found in somatization at age 4 1/2 years. Only children who had been extremely premature, and thereby experienced prolonged hospitalization and repeated medical intervention in infancy, had clinically high somatization scores on the Personality Inventory for Children. The combination of family relations at age 4 1/2 years, neonatal intensive care experience, poor maternal sensitivity to child cues in mother-child interaction observed at age 3 years, and child avoidance of touch or holding at age 3, predicted somatization scores, prior to school entry. Due to the known higher incidence of actual medical problems among children with a history of extreme prematurity, the high somatization ELBW children were compared with the normal somatization ELBW children. There were no differences in prevalence of actual medical problems between the 2 ELBW groups, and the importance of maternal factors in relation to somatization was confirmed. Child temperament at age 3, but not personality at 4 1/2, was related to somatization. The etiology of recurrent physical complaints of no known medical cause appears to be a multi-dimensional problem. Non-optimal parenting may contribute to the development of inappropriate strategies for coping with common pains of childhood, or of chronic pain patterns, in some children who have experienced prolonged or repeated pain as neonates.
Pain 1994 Mar
PMID:Early pain experience, child and family factors, as precursors of somatization: a prospective study of extremely premature and fullterm children. 802 28

Bacterial vaginosis are characterized by a polymicrobial proliferation of anaerobic organisms and the disappearance of the commensal lactobacilli, which can cause ascending utero-adnexitis and endanger ongoing pregnancy. The role of anaerobes in utero-adnexitis and tubal abscess was first raised in 1973 par Eschenbach. Several authors have since established correlations between bacterial vaginosis and both pain from the uterine appendages and gynecologic infections, particularly post-abortum. Bacterial vaginosis is a major problem in pregnant women, given its high prevalence (15-20 p. cent) and significant relationship with premature delivery and premature rupture of the membranes (at less than 37 weeks of amenorrhea) in epidemiological case-control and cohort studies taking into account demographic and concomitant obstetric characteristics. In particular, histological lesions indicative of chorioamniotitis have been correlated with prematurity and with the presence of bacteria (usually those involved in vaginosis) in the amniochorial space. Bacterial vaginosis can give rise to ascending infections which reach the amniochorial space and cause uterine contractions or alter the amniochorial membrane, leading to premature rupture of the membranes. These epidemiological data must, however, be confirmed by controlled trials of antibiotics active in bacterial vaginosis and their preventive effect on prematurity and premature rupture of the membranes. Finally, bacterial vaginosis can play a role in endometritis following both natural and caesarean delivery; this has been shown in multivariate analyses with adjustment for maternal age, duration of labor and rupture of the membranes, and isolation of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis from the endometrium.
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PMID:[Bacterial vaginosis: what risks for the mother and child?]. 848 90

The members of the Section on Surgery of the American Academy of Pediatrics were surveyed to determine the practice of North American pediatric surgeons in infants with inguinal hernia (IH). Case-scenario multiple-choice-design questionnaires regarding hernias and hydroceles were sent to all members of the Surgical Section, and responses were received from 292 (50%). In healthy full-term infant boys with asymptomatic reducible IH, 82% of responders perform repair electively, no matter what the age or weight. In full-term girls with a reducible ovary, 59% perform surgery at the next available time; if the ovary is nonreducible but asymptomatic, 44% operate emergently or urgently and 42% at the next elective slot. In former preemies, the pattern of repair is as follows. (1) For those recently discharged after 2 months in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with reducible IH, 65% perform the repair when convenient. (2) A general anesthetic is used in 70%; 15% use spinal anesthesia, and 11% use caudal block with sedation. (3) If the repair is done in the hospital outpatient (same-day) unit, 36% wait until 50 weeks postconception (PC) and 33% wait until 60 weeks PC. (4) if the baby's weight is at least 1,000 g. 71% perform the repair before discharge. The pain control choice after childhood IH repair is Tylenol for 30%, local infiltration biquivacaine for 30%, caudal block for 22%, regional block for 11%, and Tylenol/codeine combined for 7%. In 6-week-old full-term infants with communicating hydroceles without definite "hernia," two thirds treat as an IH with elective repair as soon as possible. With respect to contralateral exploration in infants with unilateral IH, 65% perform it in males if they are < or = 2 years of age and 84% use it in females of up to 4 years of age. This approach is not influenced by presenting side, presence of hydrocele, or history of prematurity. Laparoscopic evaluation of the contralateral IH is performed by only 6% of responders, 40% of whom use the open ipsilateral sac for laparoscope introduction.
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PMID:Hernia survey of the Section on Surgery of the American Academy of Pediatrics. 886 57

Pregnancy in women with major sickle cell syndromes is a high risk maternofetal situation. This descriptive study presents the features and the clinical course of 68 pregnancies in sickle cell women who were delivered in Guadeloupe from January 1(st) 1993 to December 31(st) 1997. Specific complications were observed in all hemoglobin types, but with a severer course in SS women. Painful vaso-occlusive crises were the main causes of hospitalisation (88% of SS pregnancies and 27% of SC pregnancies) associated most often with worsening anemia and / or infection. Acute chest syndrome was observed in all genotypes at any time throughout pregnancy and during the post partum period. One death occurred (a 16 years old SBeta(+)thal woman). Fetal mortality and morbidity were also high, intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death being the most frequent fetal complications. The rates of prematurity (21%) and caesarean section (48%) were higher than in the whole population. Three (3) neonatal deaths occurred. A multidisciplinary and specific approach, vigilance of health care providers and patient compliance are required to manage efficiently pregnancy, delivery and post partum in sickle cell women.
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PMID:[Sickle cell anemia and pregnancy: review of 68 cases in Guadeloupe]. 1067 38

The general benefits of the use of methods of contraception are the documented decrease of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, the diminution of the rate of prematurity and low birth weight, the decrease in induced abortion and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and certain gynecological cancer types. Natural methods of contraception pose the benefit of lacking effects on the organs and not introducing any external factors into the body. Barrier methods provide protection against STDs (a 50% reduction) and against cervical cancer (human papilloma virus), especially for adolescents and those with multiple sex partners. The chemical methods provide local antiseptic and antibiotic action that can be beneficial for vaginal and cervical infections. Hormonal methods, namely the oral contraceptive (OC) pill, also possess noncontraceptive benefits: regulation of the menstrual cycle, including diminution of dysmenorrhea, menstrual pain, menstrual flow, and anemia; reduced risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometrial and ovarian cancer, benign breast pathology, acne, and hirsutism; in addition to the therapy of polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothalamic amenorrhea, and dysfunctional hemorrhage. Further benefits include the decrease of the risk of osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis by 60% in families at risk, ectopic pregnancy, atherosclerosis, uterine myomas by up to 31%, and ovarian cysts. Contraceptives that contain progestational hormones (oral, injectable, implant, or IUD forms) are also beneficial for endometrial hyperplasia and uterine polyps. IUDs (except for progestational IUDs) have local effect without the potential side effects of hormones. Terminal methods of contraception (tubal ligation and ligation of the vas deferens) are reliable without causing alterations in the physiology of the organs.
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PMID:[Non-contraceptive benefits of contraception]. 1217 57

This brief article describes actions to secure a safe pregnancy that minimize risk and increase the chances for delivering a healthy baby in Ghana. In Africa and Ghana, pregnancy is the desire of every woman, and most women keep it a secret during the first few months. Pregnancy is a period of emotional anxiety about bodily changes, about the gender of the unborn child, about the name of the child, or about the pain of delivery. Pregnancy demands careful selection of foods, drugs, and work load, for they all impact on the developing fetus. Failure to eat properly can result in anemia from iron deficiency, difficult labor and poor postpartum recovery, prematurity, low birth weight, or brain damage to the fetus. The placenta is not a barrier to drugs, alcohol, or tobacco. Even mild alcohol consumption or smoking can adversely affect the fetus. Pregnant women should exercise. Physical strength will increase flexibility, endurance, and muscle control necessary for labor, delivery, and postpartum recovery. Pregnant women should consult with their midwife before beginning an exercise or sports program. Walking is an easily done and safe pregnancy exercise that is easy to fit into a busy domestic schedule. Pregnant women should not lift heavy objects. If heavy lifting is unavoidable, then lifting should avoid stressing the lower back muscles. When lifting, women should bend from the knees to a squatting position and use leg muscles to resume a standing position. Danger signs that require immediate attention of a doctor include sharp abdominal pain, severe cramps, vaginal bleeding, leakage of fluid, fuzzy vision, sustained severe headache, a sudden increase in blood pressure, or no fetal movement for 24 hours after the 30th week of pregnancy.
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PMID:Are you expecting? 1217 61

Although our knowledge of pain and its management in the perinatal period has increased, little is known about the first hours and days of life when major physiologic transition events occur. Prematurity and critical illnesses further complicate analgesic use during this time. Increased morbidity and mortality have been shown in infants receiving placebo infusions after surgery compared with infants with analgesia, highlighting the negative consequences of pain in infants. Opioids can help promote hemodynamic stability, promote respirator synchrony, and decrease the incidence of grade III & IV intraventricular hemorrhage in ventilated preterm neonates. Long-term follow-up studies suggest improved behavioral and cognitive outcomes in children given morphine infusions during NICU confinement. The necessity of fetal analgesia is dictated by the ability of the fetus to feel pain and by the adverse effects of noxious stimuli on future sensory development. Effects of drugs given to the pregnant woman on the (preterm) newborn might be influenced by decreased or absent transplacental transport, compression of the umbilical cord during delivery, or diminished blood flow in the placenta in pre-eclamptic women, resulting in higher serum concentrations. Pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism change in the last trimester, and pain sensitivity may be altered after 32 weeks of gestation. Consequently, dose and dose interval may vary considerably between neonates and within an individual during the first days of life. This subpopulation is not homogenous, and drug doses in a term neonate with a postnatal age of 2 weeks may be quite different from those at birth and are certainly different from those in a premature neonate. Size must be disentangled from age-related factors when examining developmental pharmacokinetic parameters. There are no longitudinal studies published investigating the pharmacokinetic properties of any analgesic more than once per infant. Polymorphisms of the genes encoding for the enzymes involved in the metabolism of analgesics or in genes involved in receptor expression may contribute to the large interindividual pharmacokinetic parameter variability. Polymorphism of the human mu opioid receptor has not yet satisfactorily explained pharmacodynamic variability.
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PMID:The effects of analgesia in the vulnerable infant during the perinatal period. 1238 Apr 72

Acute suppurative parotitis is highly uncommon in neonates. Approximately 100 cases have been reported in the literature. Dehydration and prematurity are important predisposing factors. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs. White blood cell count and parotid ultrasonography are useful. The most commonly isolated causative organism is Staphylococcus aureus. Initial treatment consists of antistaphylococcal empiric antimicrobial therapy for 7-10 days. The prognosis is good. The illness is not usually associated with recurrences. We describe two 12-day-old newborn infants who presented with fever, unilateral swelling of the parotid region with erythema, warmness and pain, and purulent discharge from Stensen's duct. We also provide a literature review.
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PMID:[Neonatal acute suppurative parotitis]. 1498 21


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