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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We analyzed the gestational, parturitional, neonatal (GPN) histories of 281 severely mentally retarded patients with cerebral palsy to define the etiology or pathogenesis of cerebral palsy in each patient. No association between type of cerebral palsy and GPN histories was found except for an increase in spastic-athetoid patients in the breech delivery subgroup. Significant findings include: increased incidence of prematurity and postmaturity, small and large for-gestational age (GA) fetal size, a normal birthweight for GA distribution of patients with diabetic mothers, an excess of mothers greater than or equal to 35 and less than or equal to 20 years old, an increased immediately-previous sib interval of 2.59 years suggestive of an "infertility factor", an unremarkable GPN history in one third of the cases, in another one third GPN problems not usually associated with a high risk of CNS damage, and in one third gross complications which were probably responsible for the CP, including: an increased incidence of breech deliveries, twinning, prolonged and precipitous labor and placental complications; no increased association of athetosis and Rh incompatibility or incidence of toxemia was found. Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to prenatal death of a twin may have been the cause of brain damage in several patients.
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PMID:Analysis of etiologic factors in cerebral palsy with severe mental retardation. I. Analysis of gestational, parturitional and neonatal data. 97 79

A 25-year-old woman with cerebral palsy of spastic quadriplegia and athetosis showed typical cardiac arrest encephalopathy on neuropathology. The etiology of cerebral palsy was perinatal origin including prematurity, asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia. Ventricular premature beats had developed since about 20 years of age. Muscle tone also increased with aging and symptoms of vago-vagal reflex were occasionally observed after eating. At 25 years, cardiac arrest occurred and cardiopulmonary resucitation was done immediately. She remained unconscious with absent corneal reflex and irregular respiration. EEG or auditory brain stem response showed flat activity. She died of respiratory failure 53 days after the episode of cardiac arrest. Neuropathology showed bilaterally symmetrical necrosis in the superior colliculi, gracilis nuclei, cuneate nuclei and spinotrigeminal nuclei accompanied with severe necrosis in the cerebrum and cerebellum. These findings in this adult case of total asphyxia were compatible with those observed in total plus partial asphyxia in the neonates. This discrepancy may be due to difference in cerebral maturity. Children or young adults with athetotic type cerebral palsy have a high risk of sudden death. Sudden cardiac arrest seems to play an important role in sudden death of these patients.
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PMID:[A case of cardiac arrest encephalopathy in athetotic cerebral palsy]. 138 32

The etiological factors in 1503 patients with cerebral palsy seen since 1947 are listed. Prematurity was the most prominent factor, being present in 27.8 per cent of cases. 38.5 per cent of the causes were prenatal in origin, 46.3 per cent natal, and 15.2 per cent postnatal. Since 1947, the number of patients seen rose to a maximum in the 1950s and has fallen since. A steadily increasing percentage of the patient population has been children with spasticity, especially paraplegia and quadriplegia. Although small, the atonic group has shown a marked increase, from 0.8 per cent in the 1950s to 3.4 per cent in the 1970s. There has been a dramatic decrease in the incidence of athetosis, from 38 per cent to about 3 per cent, and a slight decrease in the rigidities. The incidence of some of the etiological factors has increased, such as hydrocephalus, prematurity, trauma and multiple birth. There has been a striking decrease in the incidence of erythroblastosis as a factor, which dropped to nil in the 1970s. There have been lesser decreases in encephalitis, dystocia and idiopathic factors.
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PMID:Etiological factors in cerebral palsy: an historical review. 728 57

Severe injury to the cerebellum as a complication of extreme prematurity with extremely low birthweight was recently described in 13 children with the clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy. We report another 10 cases of this syndrome. The clinical features include striking motor impairment and variable degrees of ataxia and athetosis or dystonia, which represent a distinct clinical type of cerebral palsy. Most are severely damaged, with cognitive, language, and motor delays. All are microcephalic, except one with hydrocephalus. Neuroimaging studies demonstrate the absence of major portions of the cerebellum involving both the inferior vermis and hemispheres. Most also have injury of a less severe nature in the cerebrum. This report indicates that this is not an uncommon outcome of extremely low birthweight infants, and we hope to encourage further investigations into the relative frequency and likely etiologies of the condition.
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PMID:Cerebellar injury in the extremely premature infant: newly recognized but relatively common outcome. 1579 81