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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The methodology and results of 134 neonatal autopsies performed over a 2-year period are presented. The causes of perinatal mortality, in descending order, were: 43% by extrinsic perinatal hypoxia; 18% by infection; 12% by respiratory distress syndrome; and 10.5% by congenital abnormlities. These 4 factors accounted for 84% of the total cases. Perinatal mortality is strongly associated with obstetrical factors, respiratory distress syndrome, and prematurity. In addition, iatrogenic infections play a large contributory role in perinatal mortality. Since about 77% of the perinatal deaths occurred in low-birth-weight babies, the reduction of perinatal mortality can be promoted by reducing prematurity rates and by early detection and intervention in cases of intrauterine growth retardation. In addition, adequate and systematic antenatal care is warranted, since none of the participants in this series had received such care. In 10 cases the primary cause of death could not be determined despite complete autopsy. Briefly the methodology entailed collecting autopsy data, and then assigning primary cause of death from a previously prepared and defined list of primary causes of death, after taking into consideration clinical data in each case. Primary causes of death were, according to this methodology: extrinsic perinatal hypoxia, infection, respiratory distress syndrome, congenital anomalies, hematological disorders, idiopathic massive pulmonary hemorrhage, birth trauma, other specific causes, extreme prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, and unexplained.
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PMID:Primary causes of perinatal mortality-autopsy study of 134 cases. 46 54

Five preterm babies with the neonatal form of dystrophia myotonica are reported. In addition to the generally accepted signs and symptoms of the disease, two other features were present in these patients; oedema was notable in all 5 babies and 4 had unexplained haematomas. It is suggested that premature birth may be a result of severe involvement and that prematurity further aggravates the symptoms.
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PMID:Neonatal form of dystrophia myotonica. Five cases in preterm babies and a review of earlier reports. 47 8

In order to determine the relationship of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia (PVT) to any antecedent (premonitory) ventricular arrhythmias during the early phases of acute myocardial infarctions, 24-hour Holter monitoring was begun on 52 male patients an average of 12.6 hours after the onset of prolonged chest pain that was documented as acute infraction. Twenty-four patients had PVT and 28 did not. We analyzed in detail the incidence of frequency of premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), prematurity and pairing during the 10 minutes immediately preceding PVT from a continuous 10-minute rhythm strip. There was no positive correlation between PVT and the number or complexity of PVCs in the 10 minutes immediately before ventricular tachycardia. These findings suggest that there is no consistent pattern or frequency of ventricular arrhythmia that could be identified as premonitory for PVT during the immediate pre-PVT period, even during the acute phase of myocardial infarction in man.
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PMID:Evaluation of warning arrhythmias before paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia during acute myocardial infarction in man. 47 86

The literature on the course of pregnancies following conization of the uterine cervix has been studied. It is demonstrated that an evaluation of the possible effect of conization upon subsequent pregnancy should be based upon a comparison of either pregnancies before and after conization or upon a comparison between pregnancies in women with a previous conization and in a control group of women without conization. In both cases the possible influence of conization can be evaluated only if the patient material is described as regards age, parity, number of previous pregnancies, smoking habits, etc., factors which may all influence the course of pregnancy. None of the previous publications have described the patient material sufficiently, and most studies have not tried to set up control groups. Due to these deficiencies we do not find it justified that conization leads to reduced fertility, increased frequency of spontaneous abortion, nor to increased perinatal mortality. An increased prematurity rate may not be rejected, however, but this point has not been adequately evaluated in the previous papers.
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PMID:Pregnancy complications following conization of the uterine cervix (I). 48 17

The obstetric performance and pregnancy outcome of 354 underweight patients were compared with matched control subjects of normal weight. The growth patterns of their infants were also compared. The underweight women had significantly higher rates of cardiac/respiratory problems, anemia, PROM, and endometritis but were less prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Prematurity and low Apgar scores were significantly more frequent in the infants of underweight women. There was no difference in the frequency of IUGR and in perinatal mortality rates. The mean birth weight of the infants of underweight women was 231 grams less than that of infants of control subjects. Underweight women, particularly if they were anemic, had a higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants despite adequate weight gain. AGA infants of underweight women were more likely to be below the twenty-fifth percentile for weight correlated with length by 12 months of age.
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PMID:Pregnancy in the underweight woman. Course, outcome, and growth patterns of the infant. 48 16

A 'concealed' accessory pathway was suspected in 12 patients because of eccentric left atrial activation during tachycardia. Retrograde conduction during ventricular pacing may occur over the atrioventricular node, the accessory pathway, or both. There were 4 patterns of ventriculoatrial conduction in response to ventricular extrastimuli (V2) at various coupling intervals: (1) exclusive accessory pathway conduction throughout the cardiac cycle in 2 patients; (2) exclusive accessory pathway conduction at long coupling intervals and exclusive atrioventricular node conduction at short coupling intervals in 2 patients; (3) variably fused accessory pathway/atrioventricular node conduction at long coupling intervals but exclusive accessory pathway conduction at short coupling intervals in 4 patients; (4) fused accessory pathway/atrioventricular node conduction at long coupling intervals but exclusive atrioventricular node conduction at short coupling intervals in 4 patients. With increased prematurity of V2 the ventricle to right atrial interval prolonged conspicuously in 11 of 12 patients whereas the ventricle to left atrial interval remained constant until the refractory period of the accessory pathway in all but 2 instances where intraventricular delay occurred. This study emphasises the importance of left atrial recordings in these patients.
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PMID:Patterns of atrial activation during right ventricular pacing in patients with concealed left-sided Kent pathways. 48 81

Isolated dog hearts perfused with blood from a donor dogand driven at two heart rates were used to compare the effects of propranolol with those of its quaternary ammonium derivative on atrial, atrioventricular (AV) nodal, and His-Purkinje conduction. Propranolol slowed only AV-nodal conduction, increasing the minimal conduction time and the effect of prematurity, without affecting fatigue. Practolol did not have this effect. Dimethylpropranolol had similar but not identical effects on the AV node, but also slowed atrial and ventricular conduction. In contrast with the quaternary derivative of lidocaine, dimethylpropranolol's effect on atrial and ventricular conduction was not dependent on the heart rate. The effect of dimethylpropranolol on ventricular conduction was observed at doses lower than those reported by others to be antiarrhythmic.
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PMID:The effect of propranolol and dimethylpropranolol on cardiac conduction. 48 71

Pyloric atresia and epidermolysis bullosa letalis are rare congenital anomalies. The association of the two diseases in siblings has not been reported previously. This paper describes such as association in two newborn infants of caucasian parents with no family history of similar anomalies. Problems in management included severe fluid and electrolyte losses, systemic infection, and prematurity, which led to the death of the two infants. The question is raised whether the two abnormalities are expressions of closely linked genes. The presence of epidermolysis bullosa should alert the pediatrician to the possiblity of a coexisting pyloric atresia.
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PMID:Pyloric atresia and epidermolysis bullosa letalis: a lethal combination in two premature newborn siblings. 49 Feb 91

A normal range for ultrasonically determined fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) was established on 497 normal obstetric patients attending the Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide. While composite ranges for mean BPD measurements derived from the literature appear to have wide application, the need is apparent to establish a normal range with standard deviations for local institutional conditions and patient populations. With the established normal range as a reference, a consecutive series of 756 patients had ultrasonic fetal BPD measurements performed before 24 weeks' gestation to confirm or establish gestational maturity. It was held that such a screening procedure was justified in view of the high incidence of initial uncertainty in gestational ageing in the population sampled, and the risks of iatrogenic prematurity in both abnormal and normal patients undergoing induction of labour or elective caesarean section.
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PMID:Routine ultrasound screening in early pregnancy. 49 24

The authors report 6 cases of intracerebral hemorrhages in 6 children, of what appears to be, of primary origin. 3 cases concern children between the ages of 4 and 14 years; the 3 others are situated shortly after birth or during the first months of life. A review of the literature emphasizes the sporadic nature of these cases and the persistance of diagnostic and etiological problems as to the cause of these hemorrhages. In the course of reviewing articles as well as our own personal series, it is evident that the cat scanner has demonstrated its qualifications as a diagnostic tool in the early detection of the lesions, permitting a better adapted treatment, thus improving their prognosis. The prognosis appears to be linked : --to an early diagnosis --to whether or not the hemorrhage is of massive nature or not --to the precise location of the hematoma --to the neurological state of the patient at the time of treatment --to the absence of an associated pathologie (severe prematurity, coagulation pathology). The long distance prognosis in the case of these apparently primary hemorrhages remains uncertain, due to the high rate of recidivism at a later unpredictable date (one month or several years later); to the occurence or not of a hydrocephalus especially in the case of young infants; and frequent sequels affecting superior functions. This long distance prognosis seems, however, to be little affected by the recent acquisitions in diagnostic testing.
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PMID:[Primary intra-cerebral hemorrhage in the new born, nursling and child (author's transl)]. 49 33


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