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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The infant mortality rate amongst Aborigines from 12 Queensland Aboriginal settlements and missions over the years 1972 to 1976 was 72 per 1000 live births. This rate is comparable with that for Queensland of 60 years ago. The Aboriginal infants had twice the present-day Queensland risk of neonatal death and eight times the risk of postneonatal death. Prematurity was the major cause of neonatal deaths; gastroenteritis and pneumonia were the major causes of infant deaths. These rates emphasise the need for community and preventive health care for the Aboriginal children, particularly during the postneonatal period.
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PMID:Infant mortality in 12 Aboriginal settlements: Queensland, 1972--1976. 44 44

A controlled follow-up study examined the impact of delivery method on developmental outcome of the child. The modes of delivery investigated were low forceps delivery (188 infants), midcavity forceps delivery (51 infants), forceps rotation with forceps delivery (57 infants), manual rotation with forceps delivery (67 infants), elective caesarean section (101 infants) and spontaneous delivery (control, 207 infants). Breech presentation (100 infants) was separately compared with the vertex presentation groups. Sample selection controlled for complications during pregnancy and low birthweight and was restricted to married English-speaking mothers. The children were assessed at the age of five years on verbal and non-verbal subtests of a standardized intelligence scale, tests of gross motor coordination, and auditory and visual tests. A full paediatric examination was also performed. Breech presentation children performed less well on tests of balance and fine motor coordination and on visual acuity and stereopsis testing than children who presented in the vertex position. No deleterious effect of delivery method was found. In the absence of other complicating events (like a poor antenatal history, prematurity, and a disorganized home environment) delivery complication constitutes an early risk factor which the growing child is able to overcome.
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PMID:Method of delivery and developmental outcome at five years of age. 44 2

Uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall's mucoprotein) was not detected in amniotic fluid from pregnancies with gestational are 12-18 weeks, but was detected in 5 of 9 samples of amniotic fluid from full-term pregnancies, and in urine from all full-term infants investigated 1st day of life. This suggests that uromucoid excretion under normal conditions established near term. Change from intrauterine to extrauterine life may rapidly induce uromucoid excretion, as this protein was found in premature infants (32-34 weeks of gestation) at the 2nd day of life. Healthy newborn infants had a lower uromucoid concentration in urine than children 7--13 years old. In newborns with uncomplicated prematurity, idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome and full-term asphyxiated newborns, the uromucoid concentration in urine during the 1st week of life was not different from healthy newborn infants. Though uromucoid is found to be the major constituent of hyaline casts, the excretion of casts did not correlate to the uromucoid concentration.
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PMID:Uromucoid (Tamm-Horsfall's mucoprotein) in amniotic fluid and in urine in children. 45 Jan 64

Over a 3-year period at the Long Beach Women's Hospital, where electronic FHR (fetal heart rate) monitoring was routine, there were 8622 live births, including 41 infants born with major congenital malformations. The neonatal death rate in these malformed infants was 44%; 17 were delivered by cesarean section, 11 of which were performed because of fetal distress. There were no characteristic FHR patterns that would specifically identify major congenital malformations. There was a significantly increased incidence of prematurity, breech presentation, and cesarean section delivery in the congenital malformation group as compared to the overall population delivering at the Women's Hospital. The clinical implications of these observations are discussed.
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PMID:Fetal heart rate patterns and fetal distress in fetuses with congenital anomalies. 45 Mar 40

The onset of rhythmic activities was compared for 2 groups of high-risk infants (a preterm Respiratory Distress Syndrome and a postterm postmature group) and a normal term group over their 1st year of life. The postterm postmature group experienced earlier onsets of rhythmic activities. The preterm RDS group showed delays in the onset of rhythmic activities, but when a correction was made for the prematurity, did not differ from the other groups. These differences suggest that the onset dates for rhythmic activities are not affected by the perinatal complications of RDS or postmaturity, but are related to gestational age differences. A comparison of the 3 groups on Bayley 1st-year motor skills revealed group differences even after an adjustment for gestational age differences, suggesting that the development of motor skills, unlike the development of rhythmic activities, may have been affected by these perinatal complications.
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PMID:The onset of rhythmic activities in normal and high-risk infants. 45 54

At this time there is no agreement in the scientific literature on the magnitude of the risks, if any, of long-term complications of induced abortions. In an attempt to deal with this issue, the design complexities of the different studies on the long-term effects of induced abortion are described and the findings of the published analytic studies dealing with such alleged complications as sterility, ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, prematurity, pregnancy complications and birth defects are summarized. The most obvious variable potentially affecting long-term complications from induced abortion is whether it was performed under legal or illegal conditions. Many of the published studies were conducted in countries where induced abortion has not been legalized, thus the inferences drawn from these studies cannot be generalized to the U.S. where safe, legal abortion is available at the woman's request. Variables such as the patient's demographic profile, medical risk factors, the facility in which the procedure is performed, the use of prophylactic antibiotics and the type of postabortion contraception may independently influence the incidence and/or spectrum of postabortion morbidity. Other factors related to the technical aspects of the procedure may also affect the complication rate. Because of the many technical factors possibly having an effect on the long-term complications of induced abortion, studies focusing on aggregated abortion procedures should be viewed with caution. Different research approaches have been used to determine whether induced abortion has any longterm sequelae; some studies are well designed and permit valid inferences; others have a weaker scientific foundation and are no more than suggestive. The available analytic case-control and cohort studies generally form no consistent pattern. Current data fail to support firm conclusions about induced abortions either causing or not causing any of the alleged long-term complications.
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PMID:Late effects of induced abortion. Hypothesis or knowledge? 45 64

The oculo-cardiac hypothesis presented here draws attention to the evidence for links between Sudden Unexpected Death in Infants (SUD) - known in America as the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, also as "cot death" or "crib death" - and the vagally mediated reflex slowing of the heart beat following pressure on the eye. A brief review is made of epidemiologic findings on SUD, including the fact that around 9000 infant fatalities per year are attributed to SUD in the U.S.A. alone. Evidence for excessive vagal discharge as a likely factor in SUD is discussed. The nature of the oculo-cardiac reflex discovered by Aschner is described, with particular attention to those factors which appear to make specific categories of sleeping infant more vulnerable to cardiac arrest in circumstances where this reflex is elicited. The factors include prematurity and an existing electrical instability of the heart. Regarding the manner in which such an oculo-cardiac reflex might in practice be set off, it is suggested that this could occur if the infant slept in such a position that the weight of the head could press the eye against any irregular surface which might exist on the mattress, or any object which was resting on the mattress. Evidence is cited for SUD infants being in fact more likely than controls to sleep in such a position. Children with exophthalmos would be more at risk in this respect. It is stressed that all this evidence is already published, but has not previously been drawn together to show the likelihood of a link between Sudden Dath and the oculo-cardiac reflex.
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PMID:An oculo-cardiac hypothesis of sudden unexpected death in infants. 45 93

Epilepsy is more prevalent in developing countries than in developed countries. The high incidence is assumed to be associated with poor antenatal and maternal care, prematurity, birth injuries, childhood febrile convulsions, malnutrition, and infections. Accurate diagnostic equipment, such as the computerized axial tomography, is often beyond the reach of developing countries. The 7 drugs considered essential to the management of epilepsy are phenobarbitol; phenytoin; carbamazepine; ethosuximide; sodium valproate; and diazepam and clonazepam. Surgery is indicated in symptomatic epilepsy due to a local lesion, e.g., a neoplasm. In developing countries, superstition, cultural beliefs, and ignorance add to the social morbidity of the epileptic. Although epilepsy is a chronic condition which can seldom be cured, it can be controlled to the point where it becomes a minor inconvenience.
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PMID:Epilepsy in the developing countries. 46 51

A conservative approach was followed in 188 patients with premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) over a 2 year period. There were no neonatal deaths from sepsis, and only one infant showed a positive central bacteriologic culture. Fifty-seven percent of all patients less than 37 weeks' gestation had a latent period of 24 hours and 19% went beyond 7 days before labor began. Patients less than 34 weeks' gestation who received antepartum steroids for lung maturation showed no increased infectious morbidity or mortality. A conservative approach to patients with PROM seems reasonable when either prematurity and/or a cervix unfavorable for induction further complicates the pregnancy.
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PMID:Premature rupture of the membranes: a conservative approach. 46 57

The article reports figures of perinatal morbimortality gathered in a large metropolitan hospital in Mexico between 1972 and 1975. Of 106,771 births, 98.34% were live births, 1.65% were stillbirths, 7.23% were preterm births, 0.35% were immature babies, and 92.41% were births at full term. Morbidity rate was 262.06/1000, and perinatal mortality was 32.24/1000. Major causes of morbidity were, in order of decreasing importance, prematurity and low birth weight, respiratory pathology, jaundice, several types of infection, obstetrical traumas, and congenital malformations. Neonatal mortality accounted for 14.70/1000 live births, and of these, 22.9% were immature products, 50.2% premature, and 26.9% were full term babies. 62.50% of total number of deaths occurred within 24 hours of life, and 37.50% after 24 hours of life. Compared to other industrialized countries these infant mortality rates are still very high; they are, however, a great improvement over mortality rates in Mexico as measured a few years ago.
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PMID:[Perinatal morbimortality]. 46 89


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