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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Preeclampsia/eclampsia, also known as toxemia of pregnancy, remains one of the great triad of obstetric complications. The outlook for the preeclamptic woman and the fetus has improved as a result of increased knowledge of uteroplacental-fetal physiology and of the physiologic deviations involved in preeclampsia, although the basic cause of preeclampsia remains unknown. Careful screening of women at risk for preeclampsia along with early detection and treatment can help reduce the toll taken in stillbirths, prematurity, and maternal death. Current concepts of pathophysiology are reviewed as is nursing care during the antepartum and intrapartum periods.
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PMID:Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. 25 84

Between 1972 and 1974 202 cases of congenital malformation were reported among 17,970 live births in different hospitals. 175 control were compared with the group of malformed children for such factors as smoking habits of parents prior and during gestation, coffee consumption, social characteristics, and birth weight, height and head circumference of children. Aim of the study was to investigate the possible association among these factors. Tobacco smoking was not associated with the presence of malformations, but with a significant reduction in newborn size. The average birth weight of chidren born to nonsmokers was 3250 g., as compared to 3028 g. for children born to smokers. The height difference was 1.30 cm., and the head circumference difference 0.93 cm., all significant differences. This effect cannot be explained by an association of the smoking habit with malformation, premature birth, consumption of coffee, marital status or paternal smoking, or by a combination of malformation, prematurity, or any of the other factors. none of these modifications are significant. The effect of coffee on size deserves further investigation, as it does the possible association between paternal smoking and a reduction in weight of children born to nonsmoking mothers.
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PMID:Smoking patterns during and before pregnancy: weight, length and head circumference of progeny. 26 61

A study has been made of a prospectively selected material of circumvallate placentae; the latter being defined as an elevated edge of more than 50% of the circumference. The material consists of 447 placentae from liveborn singleton infants, where 287 were from exemplary pregnancies, and 160 from births with a gestational age (GA) of less than 266 days and/or a birth weight of less than 2750 g. The material was prospectively randomized. It was divided into clinical groups according to the GA and under-weight. Nineteen circumvallate placentae were found. Among these were more multigravidae and more with pre-gestational menstrual irregularity than expected. The number of antepartum haemorrhages was as expected. There were more premature infants, premature under-weight infants and under-weight infants than expected. Nine of the 20 premature under-weight infants in the material had circumvallate placenta. In relation to a previously published basic material, it was found that the birth weight, and placental content of RNA and DNA were significantly reduced. It is concluded that placentae with more than 50% circumvallation are associated with prematurity and under-weight, as well as a placenta with fewer cells than normal. The genesis of the anomaly is discussed.
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PMID:Circumvallate placenta and intrauterine growth retardation. 27 56

A case of acute traumatic tetraplegia during pregnancy resulting in maternal death is presented, and problems of management are discussed. Difficulties experienced by the mother were intractable urinary tract infection and respiratory insufficiency; those in the neonate were prematurity and the effects of drugs administered to the mother.
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PMID:Acute traumatic tetraplegia during pregnancy. 27 95

Data collected from standardized temporomandibular joint examination forms and treatment records of patients diagnosed as having Myofascial Pain Dysfunction Syndrome and treated using occlusal adjustment as the primary mode have been presented. A higher success rate was found in those patients: (1) with a chief complaint of pain confined to the area of one or both temporomandibular joints only, (2) whose answer to location of pain on initial examination was identified as confined solely to the region of one or both temporomandibular joints, (3) with muscle tenderness to palpation to one or both lateral pterygoid muscles with no other muscle involvement, (4) recorded as having a centric discrepancy in the absence of a balancing side prematurity, and (5) in the 31 to 40-year-old age group.
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PMID:Statistical analysis of an urban population of 236 patients with head and neck pain. Part III. Treatment modalities. 28 15

In 130 pregnant women (41 without complications, 40 with prematurity, 49 with EPH-Gestosis) Serumferritin, ferrochelatase (FCH), delta-aminolaevulinic-aciddehydratase (D-ALA-D), porphobilinogendeaminase (PBG-D) as well as hematologic routine parameters were measured. Regarding serumferritin, both uncomplicated and cases with pathologic conditions revealed a significant decrease in group II (28th week of pregnancy) as compared to group I (12th to 28th week of pregnancy). Women with EPH-Gestosis showed the lowest values. Activities of hemesynthesizing enzymes did not show any significant differences, neither between the two groups nor between uncomplicated and pathologic cases. Compared to healthy, non pregnant women; in pregnant women we found a significant increase in D-ALA-D and PBG-D, but a significant decrease in FCH. Enzyme pattern in pregnancy reveals an increased synthesis of porphobilinogen and an increased conversion of porphobilinogen to porphyrin. The low activity of FCH we measured in our study could be a reason for the elevation of free protoporphyrin in the erythrocytes.
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PMID:[Heme synthesis and iron status in pregnancy]. 29 36

Prematurity and premature rupture of the membranes present major obstetric problems. When associated with amnionitis, the result may be disastrous. A case of Haemophilus influenzae aminionitis in association with premature rupture of the membranes is presented. The rarity of this organism as a causative agent in amnionitis and its possible causative role in premature membrane rupture are considered in review of the scant relevant literature.
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PMID:Haemophilus influenzae amnionitis associated with prematurity and premature membrane rupture. 30 11

Myotonic muscular dystrophy is an autosomal dominant disease inherited with variable penetrance. With pregnancy, the myotonia and muscle weakness may increase. There is also an increased incidence of abortion, prematurity, fetal death, labor dysfunction, and postpartum hemorrhage. A description of two pregnant patients and a review of the literature illustrate the interaction of the disease and pregnancy.
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PMID:Myotonic muscular dystrophy in pregnancy. 32 9

Hyaline membrane disease is an important factor in the postnatal mortality of prematures. Its pathogenesis is examined. Prematurity, maternal diabetes, and caesarean section are seen as predisposing causes. Delayed biochemical maturation of the lung (shown by a low lecithin-sphyngomyelin ration in the amniotic fluid and probably caused by hypophyseal-adrenal insufficiency) results in an absence of surfactant. Labour stimulates its production by massive release of endogenous cortisol. The part played by betamethasone and other substances in prophylaxis is discussed. It is felt that, at present, the availability of preformed tensioactive factors alone can achieve the decidedly improved prognosis required in so serious a disease.
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PMID:[Recent acquisitions in hyaline membrane disease]. 33 Nov 43

The prevailing concept of etiologic heterogeneity for the diabetes mellitus syndrome is one of multiple genetic factors interacting with a variety of environmental influences. Variation in expression of the disorder, particularly the need for insulin, does not correlate with known etiologic distinctions. There is much evidence for genetic heterogeneity, as well as phenotypic variation when etiology can be presumed to be identical. The vascular manifestations of diabetes include microangiopathy unique to diabetes and larger vessel disease that differs from that of normal aging only by its prematurity. There is as much evidence for heterogeneity of the vascular expression as there is for glucose intolerance. Approximately 25% of persons with insulin-dependent diabetes may never develop the microvascular disease. The pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetes may involve a number of abnormalities of plasma, circulating cells, and vascular tissue. Were absolute control of glycemia possible, some of the contributing factors involved in vasculopathy would possibly be alleviated. In the absence of automated physiologic insulin replacement the potential deleterious effect of our current methods of treatment might be reduced by specific inhibition of excess catecholamine, growth hormone and/or glucagon responses.
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PMID:Nature and nurture in the expression of diabetes mellitus and its vascular manifestations. 33 1


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