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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Post-perinatal infant mortality (PPIM; deaths from the 8th day to the end of the 1st year of life) was studied in Glasgow over the 3-year period 1979-81. The 244 deaths were divided into three main categories--those determined at birth, those due to accidents and acquired disease, and cot deaths. 50% of deaths were determined at birth, and of these 46% were due to prematurity and 49% to congenital disorder. Cot deaths accounted for 44% of the total (88% of deaths not determined at birth) and a definite cause could be identified in only 10% of these. The PPIM rate was 6.1 per 1000 livebirths, a significant part of the infant mortality rate of 12.6. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the possible reduction of these figures.
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PMID:Post-perinatal infant mortality in Glasgow 1979-81. 612 86

Risk of premature birth was evaluated according to the prematurity risk score proposed by Thalhammer 1973 in 610 newborn infants hospitalized during 1974 to 1979 at the Division of Neonatology and Congenital Disorders of the Department of Pediatrics, University of Vienna. 324 infants had a birth weight of less than 2501 grams and 286 infants a birth weight of more than 2500 grams. Prematurity risk was compared with regard to prenatal care to birth weight and gestational age as well as to the duration of hospital stay, the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, the need of ventilatory support and the mortality rate. Quality of prenatal care was judged from the frequency of medical attendances obtained during pregnancy. Less than 0,5 medical visits for 4 weeks were classified as bad prenatal care, more than 0,8 visits as good prenatal care. At any prematurity risk newborn infants from pregnancies with good prenatal care had a higher gestational age and a higher birth weight. They also had shorter hospital admissions, less frequent a respiratory distress syndrome or the need for ventilatory support and a lower mortality rate. The benefit of good prenatal care was supported further by the finding that important individual risk factors as well as the total prematurity risk score was the same in infants without respiratory distress syndrome but birth weights below 2501 grams as well as in infants with the respiratory distress syndrome in infants with ventilatory support and in infants who died. The mothers on the other hand of the healthy newborn infants weighing below 2501 grams shared significantly more medical attendances during pregnancy.
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PMID:[Effect of premature birth risk and prenatal care on the maturity and morbidity of the newborn infant]. 709 94

Echocardiographic quantification is crucial for the diagnosis and management of patients with acquired and congenital heart disease (CHD). In neonatal and pediatric age, the echocardiogram begins with subxiphoid, or subcostal, imaging instead of left parasternal views. This allows for the determination of visceral situs (site or location) at the beginning of an examination. Regardless of where the examination starts, the segmental approach is used to describe all of the major cardiovascular structures in sequence. Patent foramen ovale is a normal interatrial communication during fetal life. Complete anatomic closure of the foramen ovale occurs in 70-75% of adults, which means that almost 25% of the population has a patent foramen ovale. Atrial septal defects are a common congenital disorder with a prevalence of approximately 2 per 1000 live births. The reported rate of spontaneous atrial septal defect closure in the first year of life ranges from 4% to 96%. The most important predictor for spontaneous closure is the size of the defect, with smaller defects more likely to close. Systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries can occur in premature infants without chronic lung disease and may represent a transient phenomenon. They may be present normally after birth and then gradually disappear. Physiological valvular regurgitation is most commonly observed in the tricuspid valve among children (32.8%), followed by pulmonary regurgitation (17.2%). The ductus arteriosus usually is functionally closed within 48 h of birth, although some authors consider the patent ductus to be abnormal only after 3 months of age. Prematurity clearly increases the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus.
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PMID:[Physiological and paraphysiological echocardiographic findings in neonatal and pediatric age]. 3169 69