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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The onset of rhythmic activities was compared for 2 groups of high-risk infants (a preterm Respiratory Distress Syndrome and a postterm postmature group) and a normal term group over their 1st year of life. The postterm postmature group experienced earlier onsets of rhythmic activities. The preterm RDS group showed delays in the onset of rhythmic activities, but when a correction was made for the prematurity, did not differ from the other groups. These differences suggest that the onset dates for rhythmic activities are not affected by the perinatal complications of RDS or postmaturity, but are related to gestational age differences. A comparison of the 3 groups on Bayley 1st-year motor skills revealed group differences even after an adjustment for gestational age differences, suggesting that the development of motor skills, unlike the development of rhythmic activities, may have been affected by these perinatal complications.
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PMID:The onset of rhythmic activities in normal and high-risk infants. 45 54

In a study of a sample of 317 conceptional basal body temperature (BBT) curves obtained from normal women, the authors have applied new definitions of prematurity and postmaturity which take into account the time of ovulation. They were thus able to estimate (1) the error rates associated with the classical definitions-incorrect classification as pre- or postmature and nondetection; in particular, for this series, the percentage of incorrectly classified postmatures is high (70 per cent) and is even more so when considering only the unwanted births (80 per cent); (2) the order of magnitude in terms of days of the error made in assessing postmaturity by the classical method. This was found to be quite substantial for the misclassified cases.
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PMID:Classical and "true" gestational postmaturity. 94 44

We analyzed the gestational, parturitional, neonatal (GPN) histories of 281 severely mentally retarded patients with cerebral palsy to define the etiology or pathogenesis of cerebral palsy in each patient. No association between type of cerebral palsy and GPN histories was found except for an increase in spastic-athetoid patients in the breech delivery subgroup. Significant findings include: increased incidence of prematurity and postmaturity, small and large for-gestational age (GA) fetal size, a normal birthweight for GA distribution of patients with diabetic mothers, an excess of mothers greater than or equal to 35 and less than or equal to 20 years old, an increased immediately-previous sib interval of 2.59 years suggestive of an "infertility factor", an unremarkable GPN history in one third of the cases, in another one third GPN problems not usually associated with a high risk of CNS damage, and in one third gross complications which were probably responsible for the CP, including: an increased incidence of breech deliveries, twinning, prolonged and precipitous labor and placental complications; no increased association of athetosis and Rh incompatibility or incidence of toxemia was found. Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to prenatal death of a twin may have been the cause of brain damage in several patients.
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PMID:Analysis of etiologic factors in cerebral palsy with severe mental retardation. I. Analysis of gestational, parturitional and neonatal data. 97 79

The obstetric outcome of 1328 deliveries in a tertiary level hospital was examined, focusing on the results of the women over 35. The study group were all pregnant women over 20 primarily cared for and delivered at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center from September 1984- February 1985, excluding those transferred from other institutions for complications. Among the older women, there was a higher incidence of previous abdominal operations, cesarean sections, previous perinatal death, infertility and alcohol abuse, but relatively few had comorbid conditions or obesity. Most were of higher socioeconomic status and had private physicians. The older group tended to begin prenatal care early, and elect to have amniocentesis. They had a higher risk of gestational glucose intolerance, hypertension and hospitalization during this pregnancy. 45% had cesarean delivery, and their hospital stays were longer. Their rates of vertex presentation, prematurity, postmaturity, macrosomia, induced or augmented labor were similar to those of younger women. There were no maternal deaths. The older group had 1 multiple birth, fewer than the younger women. Perinatal mortality was lowest in the older women. There was 1 intrauterine death and 1 congenital anomaly, lower rates than seen in younger women. This series demonstrates that women over 35 are not at greater risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes if they are cared for early and carefully.
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PMID:Impact of advanced maternal age on the outcome of pregnancy. 238 14

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the magnitude of risk factors associated with brachial plexus in infants born in hospital in Benghazi. A total of 7829 babies were examined over a period of 6 months. Twenty-eight had brachial palsy, giving an incidence of 3.6 per 1000 livebirths. Significant (P less than 0.001) perinatal risk factors observed were maternal parity greater than or equal to 6, maternal diabetes, instrumental deliveries, shoulder dystocia and foetal macrosomia. Other risk factors observed included breech extraction, postmaturity and prematurity (P less than 0.02). Complete brachial plexus injury was seen in 12 cases and six infants had residual handicap on follow-up at 18-24 months.
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PMID:Brachial plexus injuries in babies born in hospital: an appraisal of risk factors in a developing country. 240 8

Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DEA) and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-HP) were studied in 43 pregnant females 11 with normal pregnancy and labor and 32 at high risk of obstetric complications (primary powerless labor, prematurity, postmaturity, rapid parturition). Hormonal investigation was performed in each particular female in the time-course of her pregnancy and labor as well as in the mixed blood plasma from the umbilical cord. Concentrations of hormones observed in the females with normal pregnancies and labors differed from those in the patients whose pregnancy was complicated as well as their labor. It has been concluded that the results of DEA and 17-HP variation assessment in the blood plasma are essential additional indicators of adrenal performance both in mother and fetus.
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PMID:[Analysis of plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in physiologic and pathologic pregnancy and labor]. 253 Sep 11

Between November 1979 and April 1984, 790 consecutive pregnant women who considered themselves as having a "normal" pregnancy were followed in private practice from 9 weeks' gestation until 6 weeks post partum. The women had no pre-existing disease or problem classified as a risk to the pregnancy at the time of their first visit, had a singleton pregnancy and gave birth at Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal. Maternal complications occurred during the course of pregnancy in 181 women (23%). Complications were mostly related to obstetric conditions (10%), such as preterm labour, intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and antepartum hemorrhage, or to medical conditions (12%), the most prevalent of which was hypertension (77% of medical conditions). Neonatal complications occurred in 183 infants (23%). The corrected perinatal death rate was 2.5 per 1000. Prematurity, IUGR and dysmaturity/postmaturity accounted for nearly half of the complications. Hyperbilirubinemia occurred in 7% of the cases. Among women without any maternal complications during pregnancy, the frequency rate of neonatal complications was 19%, compared with 23% among the entire group of 790 women. Our results suggest that the absence of maternal complications does not protect the infant from a neonatal complication. Further refinement is needed to identify markers of obstetric, medical and neonatal complications in pregnancies with no risk factors.
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PMID:Maternal and neonatal outcome in pregnancies with no risk factors. 365 44

During the past eight years, twenty-five patients with pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) have been prospectively evaluated at our institution. This distinct eruption of the third trimester was most frequently seen in primigravidas. Lesions began on the abdomen in all patients, and 48% specified that initial lesions were localized to periumbilical striae distensae. Other common sites of involvement included the buttocks, hips, thighs, legs, and upper inner arms. The face was uniformly spared. Initial lesions were 1- to 2-mm erythematous papules that quickly coalesced to form urticarial plaques. Although pruritus was the major complaint of all patients, excoriations were very rare. Frequent applications of high-potency topical corticosteroids were generally effective in relieving pruritus and controlling the eruption. Systemic corticosteroids were efficacious in three patients with extensive disease. No severe maternal complications were documented. There were no cases of prematurity, postmaturity, or spontaneous abortion. Two congenital abnormalities and one developmental problem have been documented in children of these patients, but patient numbers preclude definitive interpretation of these findings. As much as 6 years of follow-up on nineteen patients revealed no recurrence of PUPPP in the postpartum period, during eight subsequent pregnancies, or upon exposure to oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. Clinical experience in twenty-five patients. 672 59

All the presently used local anesthetic agents in the increasingly popular modalities of obstetric regional anesthesia cross the placenta readily, governed only by two factors that the anesthesiologist has any control over (1) dosage and timing of doses and (2) uterine blood flow as it relates to the development of fetal acidosis. Uptake of a given dose of local agent from the epidural or caudal spaces may be limited with the addition of epinephrine to some extent with some drugs, but this is of little real value in the two safest drugs--bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine. At the doses and in the manner presently recommended, fetal intoxication with local anesthetic agent during maternal epidural analgesia should not occur in the absence of either direct intravascular injection, severe maternal hepatic disorder, marked fetal prematurity or postmaturity. The usual precautions in the exercise of regional anesthesia when applied to obstetrics render it very safe, if not the safest form of anesthesia-analgesia available.
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PMID:Placental transfer of local anesthetics. 703 31

For a 24-month period, January 1976-December 1977, records for 18 months were available in summarized form at the Kenyatta National Hospital. There were 506 perinatal deaths out of 5231 births, a rate of 97/1000. Prematurity was the leading cause of perinatal loss and most of these occurred among unbooked patients. The incidence of mortality was attributed to breech vaginal delivery. No stillbirths were attributed to postmaturity. Premature labor accounted for 49% of perinatal deaths, antepartum hemorrhage and labor-related deaths were 12% each, unexplained intrauterine death were 9%, toxemia 6%, maternal disease 5%, congenital abnormality 5%. 13 deaths were associated with breech delivery and trauma. Of the 37 babies in the unexplained prelabor intrauterine deaths, 16 weighted less than 1500 g. Only 8 weighed more than 2500 g. Premature labor was the outstanding cause of perinatal loss. Many women have had no antenatal care and come to hospital very late in labor. Most babies are very small. 44 babies weighed 1500 g, and with easy delivery, good resuscitation, and neonatal care, more of this group might be saved. Preventable factors in the labor-related death category include breech delivery, availability of theater for immediate caesarean section, and resuscitation of the newborn. Many of the patients are young and unmarried, and the role of nutritional and social factors, as well as the possibility of deliberate induction of premature labor, should be explored.
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PMID:Perinatal mortality at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. 737 79


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