Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We evaluated long-term visual outcome in 28 patients (52 eyes) with retinopathy of prematurity after Xenon photocoagulation and/or cryocautery. The visual outcome was roughly classified into two groups: visual acuity of 0.6 or better and that of 0.2 or worse. The poor visual outcome resulted from macular degeneration, and risk factors for its development were small birth weight (Mann-Whitney's U test, p = 0.03), retinopathy plus disease (chi 2 test, p = 0.041), treatment of a large area of the fundus (Mann-Whitney's U test, p = 0.035) and the inside of the vascular arcade (Mann-Whitney's U test, p = 0.0034), and treatment by cryocautery (chi 2 test, p = 0.032). Macular degeneration occurred either as an isolated small focus extending circumferentially around the fovea or as a result of extension from the temporal degeneration caused by photocoagulation. These results suggest that intensive treatment for retinopathy of prematurity, in addition to the prematurity by itself, caused the development of macular degeneration. Overtreatment should be carefully avoided in retinopathy of prematurity complicated by disease in which photocoagulation needs to be done in the area posterior to the ridge.
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PMID:[Factors affecting long-term visual outcome in retinopathy of prematurity treated with xenon photocoagulation and/or cryocautery]. 920 38

Results of the development of refractive errors in the group of prematurely born children with reversible ROP changes and those where cryoretinopexy due to ROP were done are presented. Ametropia was found higher (statistically significant with P = 0.05) in all the groups with prematurity comparing to the population of in-therm born children. The same result with regard to strabismus was found. Prematurity presumably leads to ophthalmic pathology.
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PMID:[Occurrence of refractive errors in relation to retinopathy of prematurity]. 921 20

We evaluated long-term visual outcome following xenon arc photocoagulation and/or cryocautery in 28 patients (52 eyes) with retinopathy of prematurity. Outcomes were divided into two groups: 43 eyes had visual acuity of 0.6 or better, 9 eyes had visual acuity of 0.2 or worse. Poor visual outcomes resulted primarily from macular degeneration. Risk factors involved were low birthweight (Mann-Whitney's U test, P = 0.03); the presence of signs of possible rapid progression (chi(2) test, P = 0.041); treatment of more clock hours of the fundus (Mann-Whitney's U test; P = 0.035) as well as the inside of the vascular arcade (chi(2) test, P = 0.0034); and total (360 degrees) cryocautery (chi(2) test, P = 0.032). Macular degeneration occurred either as an isolated small focus extending circumferentially around the fovea or as a result of extension from the temporal degeneration caused by treatment. This suggests that intensive treatment, in addition to prematurity and the severity of retinopathy, is involved in the development of macular degeneration. Overtreatment should be carefully avoided in zone I retinopathy of prematurity and zone II retinopathy with signs of possible rapid progression, which requires photocoagulation inside the vascular arcade.
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PMID:Factors related to poor visual outcome in patients with retinopathy of prematurity after xenon arc photocoagulation and/or cryocautery. 974 77

1. In healthy humans, a balance exists between oxygen-derived free-radical production and their removal by antioxidants. In preterm infants inadequate antioxidant defences may contribute to the pathogenesis of some of the complications of prematurity. 2. Plasma total antioxidant status and malondialdehyde concentration were measured during the first 11 days of life in 25 infants to determine whether increased lipid peroxidation is associated with low extracellular antioxidant status. In a second group of infants, total antioxidant status was quantified within 12 h of birth, and subsequently on days 4 and 10 to investigate the hypothesis that adverse neonatal outcome is associated with low antioxidant status. 3. There may be a weak negative correlation between the total antioxidant status of infants and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde in plasma (r = -0.24, P = 0.056, n = 89) during the first 11 days of life. In the second group of infants, total antioxidant status was found to be significantly related to plasma urate and bilirubin levels, but not to adverse neonatal outcomes such as chronic lung disease, intraventricular haemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity or death. 4. If adverse neonatal outcomes are due to inadequate antioxidant defences, these are likely to be intracellular or localized rather than general extracellular deficiencies.
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PMID:Does total antioxidant status relate to outcome in very preterm infants? 953 29

Medical problems associated with prematurity are frequently complex, and a multidisciplinary approach is often required. Some common problems include the following: (1) anemia, which can be reduced by iron supplementation, (2) cerebral palsy or mental retardation as a result of intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, (3) respiratory problems, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia and apnea, (4) visual problems, such as those associated with retinopathy of prematurity, (5) gastroesophageal reflux and (6) surgical problems, including inguinal or umbilical hernia and cryptorchidism. Monitoring of growth and development includes recording the infant's head circumference, weight and length on a growth chart for premature infants. Nutritional status should be assessed at each visit, watching for hyperosmolar problems in infants receiving high-calorie formulas. Consultation with other specialists may be required if abnormalities are identified during follow-up care in the office.
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PMID:Office care of the premature infant: Part II. Common medical and surgical problems. 961 10

This study aims to determine the prevalence of and risk factors associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. All premature VLBW infants, admitted into the neonatal intensive care unit of the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur, were screened from 4 weeks of life. Perinatal and neonatal data were retrieved from the infants' medical notes. Between August 1994 and July 1996, 100 infants had their eyes examined serially. Of the 15 (15%) infants with ROP, all were less than 31 weeks gestation, and only 1 infant had birth weight above 1250 g. Five (5%) infants had severe ROP; 4 infants underwent cryotherapy for stage 3 threshold disease. Infants with ROP, as compared to infants without ROP, had lower birth weight [mean (SEM) 993 (50) g versus 1205 (22) g, P < 0.001], lower gestational age [mean (SEM) 28.0 (0.4) weeks versus 30.1 (0.2) weeks, P < 0.001], higher rates of patent ductus arteriosus and chronic lung disease, greater number of radiographic examinations and episodes of late-onset suspected/confirmed sepsis, and required longer duration of supplemental oxygen, ventilation, xanthine, antibiotics and intralipid use, but were slower to establish full enteral feeds. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, birth weight < or = 1000 g [OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.25, 4.55, P = 0.009] and gestational age < or = 28 weeks [OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.47, 5.56, P = 0.002] were significant predictors of increased risk of this disease. In conclusion, ROP is strongly associated with smaller, more immature and sicker neonates. Prevention of prematurity would help reduce the incidence of this disease.
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PMID:Retinopathy of prematurity in very low birth weight infants. 1049 65

Normal visual development is rapid during the first six months of life and continues through the first decade. Young children are uniquely sensitive to conditions that interfere with vision and visual development. Amblyopia, or functionally defective development of the central visual system, may be caused by common vision problems such as strabismus, uncorrected refractive errors and deprivation secondary to occlusion. Prematurity is especially associated with eye pathology, including retinopathy of prematurity, amblyopia, strabismus and refractive errors. When detected early, amblyopia and many other childhood vision abnormalities are treatable, but the potential for correction and normal visual development is inversely related to age. Since many affected children are asymptomatic, early detection of abnormal visual function requires effective screening throughout early childhood. Special considerations apply to screening examinations of children born prematurely.
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PMID:The eye in childhood. 1049 16

Ocular motility, refraction and visual acuity (VA) were evaluated at the age of 4 years in 136 preterm infants with gestational ages (GAs) at birth of less than 32 weeks. Group 1 (non-retinopathy of prematurity, ROP) included 87 children that had never developed ROP. Group 2 contained 19 children whose ROP had regressed spontaneously. Group 3 (cryo-ROP) was composed of 30 patients who had undergone cryotherapy for severe ROP. Strabismus was found in 13.9% of the total population. chi(2) analysis revealed that strabismus was significantly (p < 0.01) associated with prematurity (i.e. GA <29 weeks), ROP and cryotherapy. Myopia of more than 3 dpt was significantly (p < 0.001) more common in the cryo-ROP infants than in the regressed-ROP and non-ROP groups. The distribution of hypermetropia was similar in all three groups. VA was measured with the E chart. Of the 272 eyes examined, 251 (92.3%) displayed VA of more than 20/25. The majority of these eyes were from the non-ROP group (65.4%), 15.3% had regressed ROP and 21.1% belonged to the cryo-ROP group. Fifteen eyes (8 non-ROP, 3 regressed ROP and 4 cryo-ROP) presented VAs between 20/25 and 20/60. VA of less then 20/60 was found in 6 eyes (2 non-ROP, 1 regressed ROP, 3 cryo-ROP). Cryotherapy did not appear to preclude the development of good VA.
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PMID:Refractive errors and ocular motility disorders in preterm babies with and without retinopathy of prematurity. 1051 17

The purpose of this study was to compare the age of walking attainment between very low-birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants and normal term infants, and to determine the variables that affect the walking attainment in VLBW infants. Ninety-six VLBW preterm infants and 82 normal term infants were prospectively followed to determine their age of walking attainment and to monitor gross motor development with sequential clinic visits at 6, 9, 12 and 18 months corrected age. Perinatal and sociodemographic data were collected through review of medical records. The VLBW infants were significantly older at attainment of walking (median 14 months) than the term infants (median 12 months) after correction for prematurity. By the age of 18 months, all term infants had attained walking ability; while 11% of VLBW infants were still unable to walk. Multivariate proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that low gestational age was significantly associated with late attainment of walking in VLBW infants. With the adjustment for gestational age, prolonged ventilation (or oxygen therapy) and severe retinopathy of prematurity were significant predictors of late walking attainment. Our findings indicate that VLBW preterm infants have an increased risk of delayed attainment of walking. Furthermore, the contribution of low gestational age to the delayed walking attainment in VLBW infants may occur via the plausible pathways of neonatal respiratory distress and severe retinopathy of prematurity.
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PMID:Prognostic factors for walking attainment in very low-birthweight preterm infants. 1099 72

Whether postnatal dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) increases the risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonates is uncertain. We performed a retrospective cohort study to determine the association between dexamethasone administered postnatally and the development of ROP in VLBW (< or = 1,250 g birth weight, < or = 32 weeks' gestational age at birth) neonates. The incidence of severe ROP (stage 2 or higher) was 26% among 72 infants who received no dexamethasone postnatally, 61% among 23 infants who received a low cumulative dexamethasone dose (< or = 1.8 mg/kg body weight), and 85% among 20 infants who received a high cumulative dexamethasone dose (> 1.8 mg/kg body weight). However, after adjustment for confounding covariates of prematurity and severity of lung disease by logistic regression analysis, we found no independent association between postnatal dexamethasone treatment and the incidence of severe ROP.
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PMID:Postnatal dexamethasone treatment and retinopathy of prematurity in very-low-birth-weight neonates. 1115 Aug 24


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