Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parasitic disease is the most common infectious disease complication of pregnancy worldwide, resulting in maternal debilitation and fetal prematurity and low birth weight. The increasing incidence of these diseases in our population led to the present study of 125 patients, 34 of whom were found to be infected with at least one intestinal parasite. In contrast to studies in developing countries, no significant differences in either maternal anemia, or fetal birth weight, or prematurity were found between the infected and non-infected groups. However, there was a three-fold increase in the incidence of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the parasitized group. Parasitic disease complicating pregnancy in our population does not appear to exert the same adverse effect on mother and fetus as that described in other countries. In view of the limited pathology associated with parasitic disease, treatment, other than with iron and vitamin supplementation, is not routinely indicated in pregnancy in populations similar to ours. However, due to the increased incidence of neonatal jaundice and morbidity we would recommend close observation of the neonates in the immediate postpartum period.
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PMID:Effect of maternal parasitic disease on the neonate. 403 76

A study was made of 3718 newborn infants with jaundice in excess of physiological levels. Prematurity, haemolytic disease, haematomas or infections were present in 1278 patients. Of the remaining 2440 neonates, 137 were deficient in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and 2303 had idiopathic hyperbilirubinaemia. Exchange transfusion was necessary in 59 (42,7%) of the patients with G-6-PD deficiency and in 426 (18,5%) of those with idiopathic hyperbilirubinaemia. Kernicterus occurred in 3 infants (2,2%) with G-6-PD deficiency and in 3 (0,13%) with idiopathic hyperbilirubinaemia. These findings indicate that G-6-PD deficiency contributes significantly to the severity of neonatal jaundice in the population group studied and should be regarded as a potentially dangerous condition.
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PMID:The effect of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on the severity of neonatal jaundice in Cape Town. 707 90

Several complications and diseases of pregnancy, delivery, and infancy have been found to be more prevalent among the mentally retarded than among normal children. In the course of reviewing 904 families of retarded children examined at the Tel Hashomer Assessment Center for the retarded (Israel), a group of 87 children with a nonspecific phenotype were isolated. Genetic analysis showed this to be of 75% autosomal recessive etiology. These mainly genetically retarded patients were used as a control group to assess a number of pathogenic factors in mental retardation. 3 groups of retarded patients with complete and reliable medical histories were compared: 87 retarded children with unidifferentiated phenotype, whose parents had normal intelligence and were either uncle-niece pairs or 1st cousins, and intelligence quotients (IQs) were less than 50 in 61 of these cases and between 50 and 69 in the remaining 26; 161 cases with idiopathic retardation with unrelated parents of normal intelligence, without retarded siblings; and 75 idiopathic retarded cases similar to the group of 161 cases but with only mild retardation. Complications of pregnancy, labor, and infancy were seen in 21 of the 61 control retarded groups with IQs under 50 and in 9 of the 26 with IQs 50 to 69. They were observed in 100 of the 161 cases of severe idiopathic retardation and in 53 of the 75 cases of mild idiopathic retardation. 11 factors were common enough to permit individual analysis: maternal age; history of multiple or recent spontaneous abortions; bleeding during pregnancy; toxemia; prematurity; low birthweight at term; signs of fetal or neonatal distress; neonatal anoxia; significant neonatal jaundice; convulsions during the 1st year of life; and evidence of early maternal neglect or chronic infantile illness. Maternal age over 35 at the time of birth was of no etiological importance. Abortions, either multiple or in the immediately preceding or subsequent pregnancy, were more than twice as common in the cases of mild idiopathic retardation as in the control group. The group with severe idiopathic retardation showed only a slight, insignificant increase in maternal abortions relative to the control group. Bleeding during early or middle pregnancy was more than 3 times as common in both the mild and severe idiopathic retarded groups as in the control group of homozygotes. Toxemia of pregnancy was twice as common among those with mild idiopathic retardation and 2-1/2 times as common in severe idiopathic retardation compared with the homozygote control group. Prematurity and low birthweight showed only a slight and nonsignificant rise in the 2 idiopathic groups relative to the controls. Signs of perinatal stress were practically nonexistent in the controls and were significantly more common in both the mild and severe idiopathic groups. Neonatal anoxia requiring some degree of medical attention was about 3 times as common in the 2 test groups. Events of neglect were as common in the control as in the other groups. Seizure prevalence in the 1st year of life showed a nonsignificant increase in the mild idiopathic group and an increase of marked significance in the severe idiopathic group relative to the controls.
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PMID:Pathogenic factors in idiopathic mental retardation. 719 53

A retrospective case controlled study was carried out to study the neonatal characteristics, outcome and narcotic withdrawal syndrome in 51 neonates exposed to narcotic antenatally. The birth weight, head circumference and body length were significantly smaller in the study group while the incidence of prematurity (41%) and small-for-gestational age babies was increased (27.5%). Narcotic withdrawal occurred in 83% of narcotic exposed neonates. About half of them had onset of withdrawal symptoms within the first 24 hours. All of these newborns were treated by either phenobarbitone (45%), chlorpromazine (9.5%) or both (40.5%). The average duration of treatment was 15.7 days. There was one neonatal death due to in utero withdrawal and hypoxia, and another post-neonatal death due to sudden infant death. Neonatal jaundice, necrotising enterocolitis, clinical sepsis and congenital syphilis were more common in the drug-addicted group.
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PMID:Neonatal narcotic withdrawal in Hong Kong Chinese. 781 Nov 86

Surfactant administration for respiratory distress syndrome continues to make an impact on neonatal care as large controlled trials are published. Although considered safe, synthetic surfactant administration has been associated with a rare complication in the form of pulmonary hemorrhage. Despite this, significant benefits have been shown. With the approval by the FDA of two surfactant preparations, this treatment is now in widespread use. Although the mortality rate from respiratory distress syndrome and the number of ventilator days are generally decreased, surfactant effect on the incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia has been disappointing. Studies of steroid administration for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and steroid side effects have been published in the past year. Steroid use has become widespread for this condition, although many details of its administration and side effects have yet to be worked out. A new area of promise is the use of erythropoietin for anemia of prematurity. Natural historic data on the retinopathy of prematurity have added to our understanding of this condition and have raised new questions on its pathogenesis. Review articles and studies in the area of neonatal encephalopathy stress the need for a more accurate definition of asphyxia and discuss possible prenatal causes of this condition. An extensive review of neonatal jaundice and new recommendations for its treatment in healthy term newborns has been published but remains controversial.
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PMID:Care of the neonate. 842 28

This study examines the nature and extent of perinatal mortality in the urban slums of Lucknow, India. A survey was conducted during 1992-93 among all mothers who had a birth during the study period and were registered in one of 25 Anganwadi centers. Causes of death were determined by verbal autopsy (neonatal jaundice, birth injury, infections, and asphyxia). The study area population numbered 25,901. There were 966 deliveries, of which 930 were live births. There were 36 stillbirths, 21 early neonatal deaths, and 57 perinatal deaths. 99 live born infants were premature births. The stillbirth rate was 37.2/1000 live births. The perinatal mortality rate (PNMR) was 59.0/1000. This rate was lower than findings among slum women in Delhi and Jabalpur. PNMR was higher among older women and higher parities, women of low socioeconomic status, women with a poor obstetric history, women with inadequate prenatal care, and premature infants or those delivered by untrained persons. The highest relative risk of PNMR was associated with a poor obstetric history, followed by prematurity, low socioeconomic status, and no prenatal care. The leading cause of death was asphyxia (42.1%), followed by prematurity (14.03%) and infections (12.3%). Over 50% of deliveries were performed by untrained persons, and 80% were home deliveries, despite the availability of medical facilities. Attainment of the national goal of reducing PNMR to under 30/1000 will be dependent upon registration of pregnant mothers, detection of high-risk cases and timely intervention, delivery by trained medical persons, and limitation of family size.
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PMID:Perinatal mortality in urban slums in Lucknow. 877 46

Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) were studied in 52 children upto the age of 3 months, suffering from neonatal jaundice, prematurity, pyogenic meningitis and septicemia. Absolute latency of wave I and interpeak latency I-V were found to be significantly delayed in cases of jaundice and absolute latency of wave V and interpeak latency I-V were prolonged in cases with prematurity. In cases following pyogenic meningitis absolute latency of wave V and interpeak latency of I-III, I-V were significantly delayed compared to septicemia where absolute latency I, V and interpeak latency I-V were significantly delayed (P < 0.05). Maximum auditory insult was seen in cases with neonatal jaundice where 30.77% each had severe SN deafness and 30.77% had moderate degree of deafness compared to prematurity, meningitis and septicemia where 14.28, 7.69 and 25% were found to have severe SN deafness and 7.14, 38.46 and 25% had moderate deafness. Overall incidence of deafness of any kind in these factors was 44.23%.
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PMID:Comparative ABR profile in high risk infants. 967 26

Characteristics probably associated with the fetal hormonal milieu have recently been shown to increase (birth size indicators, prematurity, neonatal jaundice) or decrease (pregnancy toxaemia) breast cancer risk in the female offspring. However, it is unknown whether differences in pregnancy hormone levels may contribute to the marked geographical variation in breast cancer incidence. We have compared, in a highly standardized manner, pregnancy hormone levels in a population with high incidence and one with low incidence of breast cancer. Three hundred and four pregnant Caucasian women in Boston and 334 pregnant Chinese women in Shanghai were enrolled from March 1994 to October 1995. Levels of oestradiol, oestriol, prolactin, progesterone, human growth hormone, albumin and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured in maternal blood at weeks 16 and 27 of gestation and compared between the two study sites using non-parametric Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. Demographical, anthropometrical and pregnancy characteristics were ascertained through interview, and relevant variables concerning delivery and the newborn were abstracted from medical records and paediatric charts. During the first visit, median serum levels of all studied hormones were statistically significant, and in most instances substantially, higher among Chinese women, who have a low incidence of breast cancer, compared with American women, who have a high incidence of breast cancer. An analogous pattern was evident during the second visit, although the relative differences tended to be smaller. Further research is needed to identify lifestyle or other exogenous determinants of pregnancy hormone levels, as well as possible mechanisms by which they may influence carcinogenic processes in the breast and possibly other organs.
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PMID:Maternal pregnancy hormone levels in an area with a high incidence (Boston, USA) and in an area with a low incidence (Shanghai, China) of breast cancer. 1102 43

Pregnancies that were booked for antenatal care but delivered outside the health facilities were studied. The aim was to determine the perinatal outcome of these pregnancies, and also to compare the outcome with that of pregnancies that were booked and delivered in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). Birth asphyxia was the commonest perinatal morbidity in both the study (14.3%) and control (4.8%) groups and was significantly higher in the study group than in the control (P < 0.01-P < 0.05). Incidence of neonatal infection tetanus and birth trauma was also significantly higher in the study than in the control groups (P < 0.01-P < 0.05). The incidence of prematurity, neonatal jaundice and congenital abnormality did not show any significant difference in the two groups (P > 0.05). The risk of perinatal death was three times higher in the study group than in the control. Proper public enlightenment campaigns and the establishment of a national health insurance scheme which may strengthen the use of orthodox health facilities for delivery, may improve the poor perinatal outcome in our community.
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PMID:Perinatal outcome in pregnancies booked for antenatal care but delivered outside health facilities in Calabar, Nigeria. 1070 4

This paper presents a study of adolescent pregnancy in which different age groups were compared to establish which age group had the greatest incidence of risk factors. Primiparous adolescents who delivered at the Obstetric Clinic of the Medical School of the University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, between January 1975 and June 1980 were studied. During this period, 13,961 births occurred, of which 105 were to 9-15 year olds (0.7%), 137 were to 16 year olds (0.9%) and 106 were to 17 year olds (0.7%). A large majority of the adolescents in each age group were unmarried; similarly, a lack of adequate prenatal care was observed in all 3 groups. A gestational age of less than 38 weeks was encountered in 30.5% (30 cases), and 16.9% (18 cases), respectively, in the 9-15, 16, and 17 year age groups. Among pregnancy complications, there was an elevated incidence of arterial hypertension in all 3 groups, as well as an increased occurrence of eclampsia among the 9-15 year olds. Urinary infections and anemia were also evident during pregnancy. Analgesia was required in 22 cases (20.9%) of the 9-15 year old age group, in 3 cases (2.2%) of the 16 year age group, and in 2 cases (1.9%) of the 17 year age group. Fetal presentation, duration of labor, type of birth (normal, forceps, or cesarean), puerperal morbidity, birth weight, and perinatal mortality for each of the 3 groups are presented in tables. Neonatal deaths were determined to be the consequence of prematurity and its complications except in 1 case of congenital heart disease which occurred in the 17 year old group. Neonatal jaundice was the most frequent cause of morbidity in the newborns. The results of this study agree with those of similar studies appearing in the literature. The authors attribute the greater frequency of premature births among 9-16 year olds to immaturtity of uterine muscle fiber, deficient prenatal care, and the emotional tensions to which the adolescents were subjected, as well as to medical complications of pregnancy and general maternal physical immaturity. The 17 year olds presented behavior closer to that of the adult population.
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PMID:[Pregnancy in the adolescent. II. Comparative study between primigravida from 9 to 15, 16 and 17 years old]. 1226 72


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