Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (c-AMP) and creatinine were measured in full-term and premature infants. In normals, values for c-AMP were highest on days 1 and 2 (1.3-1.5 nmol/ml) and decreased thereafter. In prematures the c-AMP values were significantly lower than in the full-term infants. There was a rough correlation with birth weight. Creatinine values were closely reflected by the c-AMP levels. Changes found in neonatal jaundice, hypocalcaemia, respiratory distress syndrome, and anoxia could be attributed to prematurity. No diurnal variation in c-AMP values was found.
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PMID:Urinary content of 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and creatinine in full-term and premature infants. 20 64

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency was detected in 16 (69.6%) of a group of 23 neonates who had unexplained moderate or severe jaundice. This proportion is significantly more than the 9.4% observed or the 22.2% expected in Jamaican neonates who are not moderately or severely jaundiced (P less than 0.003), and significantly more than the 12.6% observed or the 21.0% expected in older Jamaican children and adults (P less than 0.003). Phenobarbitone therapy and phototherapy reduced the need for exchange transfusion but this was necessary in eight patients. Two babies developed kernicterus and one died. On the other hand, only two of 21 neonates who were identified as G6PD deficient at birth subsequently became moderately or severely jaundiced, and this could be attributed to other causes in both cases. These findings indicate that apparently spontaneous neonatal jaundice is important in infants who have the G6PD A--enzyme. However, the jaundice is probably precipitated by unknown factors to which the G6PD deficient neonate is more susceptible than the infant who is not G6PD deficient. THere is also a slightly increased incidence of G6PD deficiency in neonates who develop jaundice because of ABO or Rh(D) iso-immune disease, infection or prematurity.
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PMID:Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal jaundice in Jamaica. 50 36

The study was conducted on 785 neonates aged up to 28 days to evaluate the influence of admission weight on mortality. It was observed that there were 200 (25.5%) cases of septicaemia, 134(17.1%) of diarrhoea, 120(15.3%) each of prematurity related conditions and neonatal jaundice, 117(14.9%) of respiratory diseases and 94 (11.9%) cases of convulsion. There were total 182(23.18%) deaths comprising 70(38.5%) from prematurity related conditions, 40(22%) from diarrhoea, 35(19.2%) from respiratory diseases, 26(14.3%) from septicaemia, 8(4.4%) from neonatal jaundice and 3(1.6%) deaths from convulsion. The incidence of deaths among neonates weighing less than 2500 g on admission was 59.2% in diarrhoeal diseases, 53.4% in respiratory diseases and 44.6% in other conditions compared to those of 10%, 8.2% and 7.1% respectively in neonates having admission weight more than 2500 g. The findings are statistically significant. The results of the study indicate that low admission weight should be considered as a predictor of mortality among neonates.
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PMID:Influence of admission weight on neonatal mortality amongst hospitalised neonates in Calcutta. 130 13

A pediatric neurologist analyzed the case histories of 30 4-16 year old children diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia in the pediatric neurology unit at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh, Scotland to examine its clinical features, investigative findings, and etiology. Previous unfavorable events happened to 14 children (46.6%). Yet only 6 (42.8%) of these 14 children had unfavorable events of etiological significance. These previous unfavorable events occurred during the perinatal period (48%). These events in order of significance were asphyxia, prematurity, neonatal jaundice, and trauma. 66.6% of all children had an unsteady gait. The 2nd and 3rd most common signs of cerebellar ataxia were truncal ataxia (53.3%) and hypotonia (36.6%). The next most common symptom was considerable delay in reaching gross motor milestones (50%) such as not sitting until 2 years old. 23 (76.6%) of the children had dysfunctions in 1 of the cerebellar divisions. Clinical examination found dysfunctions most often in the paleocerebellum (86.6) followed by the neocerebellum (70%) and archicerebellum (56.6%). The paleocerebellum and the archicerebellum were the only divisions involved in 6 and 1 of the remaining children, respectively. The most common cause of ataxia was hydrocephalus (23.3%) followed by perinatal problems (20%). 70% of the patients also experienced other central nervous system conditions such as macrocephaly and mental retardation. 5 children had normal investigative findings, 3 of whom had cerebellar ataxia syndrome, 1 had congenital ataxic cerebral palsy, and 1 had familiar ataxia.
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PMID:Cerebellar ataxia in childhood: a review of clinical features, investigative findings and aetiology in 30 cases. 150 89

High serum bilirubin levels (SBL), over 20-25 mg/dl are toxic for the Central Nervous System (CNS) of newborn infants. However, the possible toxicity on the CNS of "intermediate" SBL both in term and preterm neonates are still a matter of debate. An extensive review of the literature in this respect did not provide conclusive evidence for a dose-response pattern of toxicity for SBL 18-20 mg/dl in infants without hemolysis and/or other risk factors (such as extreme prematurity, hypoxia, hypercapnia, acidosis, sepsis, hyperosmolarity, etc.). Therefore, an aggressive approach to the treatment and/or prophylaxis of neonatal jaundice when SBL are below 20 or even 25 mg/dl is not justified on the basis of the present knowledge. This is particularly true when treatment includes phototherapy and/or exchange-transfusion which are associated with clinically significant complications and side effects. Guidelines for treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in full-term and preterm infants, with and without added complications and/or risk factors, are provided in the attempt of encouraging a more critical approach to neonatal jaundice, which is coherent with the data available in the literature and which should optimize the risk/benefit ratio.
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PMID:[Controversial aspects and rational bases of the treatment in neonatal jaundice]. 158 31

Babies, on admission into a neonatal ward at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, had their rectal swab specimens examined bacteriologically and screened for enteric bacterial pathogens over a one-year-period at two-week intervals. It was found that on the average there were 3 (9.68%) enteric bacterial pathogens out of an average of 31 admissions at each screening period. The enteric bacterial pathogens isolated included: non-typhoid salmonellae, which accounted for 55 (80.88%) isolates out of the 68 enteric bacterial pathogens, Salmonella typhi 2.94%, Shigella dysenteriae 2.94%, Shigella flexneri 4.41%, S. boydii 1.47%, S. sonnei 1.47%, Campylobacter jejuni 1.47% and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) 2.94%. The main clinical conditions associated with those babies in whom the enteric pathogens were isolated included sepsis, prematurity, neonatal jaundice and tetanus. It is concluded that the enteric bacterial pathogens, even though they were not directly associated with diarrhoeal disease in the newborns in this study, might have contributed to other illnesses like sepsis and meningitis. It is also noteworthy that the enteric bacterial pathogens isolated sporadically from the babies could have been over-looked in view of the fact that it is not conventional to search for enteric bacterial pathogens in babies without diarrhoea on admission. Rectal swab investigations could provide additional information which might be of epidemiological importance in ill neonates in the clinical settings that prevail in developing countries.
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PMID:Screening of children for enteric bacterial pathogens in the outborn neonatal ward in Lagos, Nigeria. 191 94

Mortality of infants aged 0-30 months was studied in a subdistrict of the eastern Ivory Coast with a population of 240,000 inhabitants. A cluster sample of the type recommended by the World Health Organization for evaluating progress of the expanded program of immunizations consisted of 2 samples with 30 clusters of 70 children each, 1 taken in urban Abengourou and the other in rural cantons of the subprefecture of Abengourou. A standardized questionnaire was administered to all the mothers about their births within the last 3 years. Supplementary questionnaires concerning all deaths of children of the sample mothers were interpreted by 3 physicians who agreed on a probably diagnosis in each case. The survey covered 2375 infants under 1 year and 1825 aged 12-30 months. The total mortality was 103 deaths in the total sample and 70 for infants aged 0-11 months, for a rate of 29.4%. The difference between the urban rate (31.7%) and the rural rate (26.8%) was not significant. The rate varied significantly by sex for deaths due to malnutrition (11 boys, 1 girl), and pneumopathies (6 girls, 1 boy). Mortality varied significantly according to treatment received and place of death. 55% received traditional treatment and 45% modern treatment. 53% died at home, 36% at a health center, and 9% at the home of a healer. Among infants aged 0-27 days, the cause of death was tetanus for 8, prematurity for 12, neonatal distress for 5, neonatal jaundice for 5, and infection for 2. Among infants aged 1-11 months the cause of death was malaria for 10, meningitis for 7, tetanus for 2, diarrhea for 9, pneumopathy for 3, measles for 4, whooping cough for 2, and unknown for 1. Among infants aged 12-30 months the cause of death was malaria for 11, malnutrition for 12, meningitis for 3, pneumopathy for 4, measles for 1, and sickle cell anemia for 2. Malaria was the single most important cause of death followed by malnutrition for the overall sample. In urban and rural areas respectively, the proportions of infants correctly vaccinated for their age groups were 78.1% and 76.0% for those under 11 months; 92.3% and 80.6% for those 12-17 months; 78.3% and 76.6% for those 18-23 months; and 66.5% and 71.4% for those 24 months and over. Mortality rates varied very significantly by vaccination status. 70 of the children dying had not been vaccinated. Their mortality rate was 19.6%, compared to .5% for children in process of vaccination, 1.1% for children incompletely vaccinated, and .9% for children correctly vaccinated.
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PMID:[Infant mortality and its causes in a sub-district of the Ivory Coast]. 196 15

Among the 446 high risk neonates studied for significant bacteriuria and pyuria in the neonatal wards of the Obafemi Awolowo University teaching hospital Complex, Ile-Ife, 7.6% and 5.8% were positive for significant bacteriuria and pyuria respectively, while none of the 81 infants in the control group were positive. Males and females were similarly affected and there was no seasonal variation in the prevalence of pyuria or bacteriuria. It is noteworthy that 25 (96%) of the 26 pyuria neonates also had bacteriuria emphazising the significance of pyuria as a possible screening method for urinary tract infections in neonates. The clinical problems in the neonates studied included prematurity, low birthweight, neonatal jaundice, fever, CNS symptoms, ophthalmia neonatorum, prolonged rupture of the membranes (PROM), respiratory distress, septic cord/skin, diarrhoea, vomiting and feeding problems. Only prematurity and low birthweight were significantly associated with bacteriuria in the neonates studied. The organisms encountered in this study were Escherichia coli (58.4%), Klebsiella species (35.3%) and Proteus species (5.9%). Of the bacterial isolates, 67% were sensitive to Ampicillin and 97% to Gentamycin. The combination of these antibiotics was effective in all cases in the present study. The study has highlighted the need for routine urine culture in our high risk neonates.
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PMID:The prevalence of bacteriuria among high risk neonates in Nigeria. 291 29

An analysis of the causes of death in the neonatal nursery of the Port Moresby General Hospital in Papua New Guinea from 1982-1985 is presented, and conclusions were enumerated. The nursery has beds for 24 babies, subdivided into intensive care, infection and growing areas. Dormitory space for 12 mothers is available, and breast feeding is encouraged, whether by sucking, cup or tube: no bottle feeding is done. Up to 9 sisters staff the unit. A total of 2948 infants were admitted, including 831 cesarean births. 343 deaths occurred. 80 deaths were previable babies less than 1000 g. The neonatal mortality was 10/1000. The most common causes of death were septicemia or meningitis (24%), perinatal asphyxia (20%), respiratory distress syndrome (15%), congenital abnormalities (12%), meconium aspiration 7%, apnea of prematurity (7%). Other causes included pneumonia, hypothermia, intrauterine infection syndrome, cerebral hemorrhage and kernicterus. Note that hypothermia can occur in tiny babies, even in the tropics. Both respiratory distress and jaundice appear to be rare in melanesians compared to caucasians. Infections were due to tetanus, E. coli, S. aureus a Strep. faecalis, rather than the Group B hemolytic Strep. more often seen in the West. It was concluded that several inexpensive measures can be put in place to markedly enhance survival: train birth attendants to prevent perinatal asphyxia; maintain body temperature by available means; feed adequately, using expressed breast milk if necessary; maintain oxygenation properly using simple equipment such as a nasal catheter or perspex head box; prevent infection by scrupulous hand washing, cord care and overall cleanliness; manage neonatal jaundice.
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PMID:Neonatal care in perspective: results of neonatal care at Port Moresby. 347 16

A prospective study of 535 neonates about the incidence of neonatal jaundice on the third day of life revealed a mean (+/- SD) serum total bilirubin concentration of 176.5 +/- 70.I mumol/l (10.3 +/- 4.0 mg/dl). 27.8% of the infants had pathologic jaundice, defined as a serum total bilirubin concentration of 220 mumol/l (12.9 mg/dl) or more. After correction for prematurity en dysmaturity, mean serum total bilirubin concentration was 176.8 +/- 71.8 mumol/l (10.3 +/- 4.2 mg/dl) and 29.0% of the infants showed pathologic jaundice. Except for vacuum extraction, which was accompanied with a significantly increased incidence of pathological jaundice, other perinatal factors were not associated with a significantly increased incidence of pathological jaundice on the third day of life.
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PMID:[The incidence of pathological neonatal icterus]. 356 96


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