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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The obstetric performance and pregnancy outcome of 354 underweight patients were compared with matched control subjects of normal weight. The growth patterns of their infants were also compared. The underweight women had significantly higher rates of cardiac/respiratory problems, anemia, PROM, and endometritis but were less prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Prematurity and low Apgar scores were significantly more frequent in the infants of underweight women. There was no difference in the frequency of IUGR and in perinatal mortality rates. The mean birth weight of the infants of underweight women was 231 grams less than that of infants of control subjects. Underweight women, particularly if they were anemic, had a higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants despite adequate weight gain. AGA infants of underweight women were more likely to be below the twenty-fifth percentile for weight correlated with length by 12 months of age.
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PMID:Pregnancy in the underweight woman. Course, outcome, and growth patterns of the infant. 48 16

Pregnancy complicated by gonorrhea was studied in 178 patients delivered of their infants over an eight-year period. There was an increased incidence of chorioamnionitis (p less than 0.05) and intrauterine growth retardation (p less than 0.05) in these patients when compared with matched controls. In 19 patients with positive gonorrheal cultures at delivery, there was a significant increase in the incidence of premature rupture of membranes (p less than 0.05), chorioamnionitis (p less than 0.05), and prematurity (p less than 0.05). Recurrence or persistence of positive cultures was found in 18 per cent of the patients with pregnancy gonorrhea. Two required hospitalization for intensive parenteral treatment when repeated attempts at outpatient management were unsuccessful.
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PMID:Gonorrhea in pregnancy. 71 69

Quantitative amniotic fluid cultures were performed on 12 patients delivered of premature infants (10-premature labor, 2-premature rupture of membranes). Specimens from patients in premature labor were obtained at the time of amniotomy via transcervical needle aspiration or intrauterine catheter. Of the seven patients with colony counts greater than 1,000 per ml, two mothers and four neonates had clinical evidence of infection. Blood cultures from two infants and one mother and cerebrospinal fluid cultures from one newborn infant were positive for the same organism isolated from amniotic fluid. Anearobic bacteria were the predominant isolates in four specimens and included Bacteriodes species in two. In contrast, the five mothers and infants associated with counts of less than 1,000 per ml exhibited no infectious morbidity. Three had no bacterial growth from amniotic fluid, and factors commonly associated with prematurity were recognized in four. These clinical and microbiologic observations suggest that current methods of evaluating patients with premature labor and delivery are incomplete, and the role of unrecognized amnionitis should be reevaluated.
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PMID:Unrecognized amnionitis and prematurity: a preliminary report. 87 42

A 4 year survey of a low socioeconomic prenatal population in a large outpatient clinic revealed an incidence of 4.4% gonorrhea by cervical culture. These patients who were culture-positive had a 7.6% perinatal mortality rate compared to a 3.0% perinatal mortality rate among culture-negative patients from the same clinic. The immaturity and prematurity rate was significantly higher in the culture-positive group as was the incidence of premature rupture of the membranes and prolonged premature rupture of membranes.
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PMID:Asymptomatic gonorrhea and pregnancy. 101 Jul 61

The obstetric experiences of 128 gravidas delivered at Charlotte Memorial Hospital in 1973 who, on hemoglobin electrophoresis, exhibited an SA pattern of hemoglobin are reviewed. In addition to previously reported complications of increased rates of pyelonephritis and refractory anemia, this group of patients exhibited a marked increase in premature rupture of membranes and prematurity. It is suggested that the routine screening procedures be used for discovering sickle-cell trait individuals and that they be categorized as "high-risk" obstetric patients because of the increased complication rates described here and by previous authors.
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PMID:Sickle-cell trait and pregnancy: A review of a community hospital experience. 118 Feb 85

Early growth retardation in one twin is complicated by a high fetal mortality and morbidity. It is often very difficult to determine the optimum time of delivery in regard to placental insufficiency and prematurity. We report of two cases in which doppler velocimetry was a helpful method in monitoring those pregnancies at high risk. A growth retardation of three weeks was found in one child of a twin pregnancy at 17 weeks of gestation. Doppler velocimetry at 23 weeks showed a reverse flow and centralisation and the child died at 27 weeks. The other twin then also developed pathologic flow patterns and had to be delivered by cesarean section. In the second patient, pregnancy could be continued in spite of a growth retardation of three weeks in one child at 15 weeks and an additional decrease in the growth rate of both children from 30 weeks onwards. Cesarean section had to be performed at 34 weeks because of premature rupture of membranes.
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PMID:[Doppler ultrasound in monitoring twin pregnancies with early discordant growth]. 129 83

A case-control study on preterm delivery was conducted in Jianan and Jianhan District, Wuhan City in 1988. 130 singleton preterm infants were included with 260 term infants as control. The results showed that the risk factors in prematurity were edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome (OR 1.8), maternal diseases in pregnancy (OR 1.6), hyperemesis gravidarum (OR 5.1), vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (OR 2.4), premature rupture of membranes (OR 3.6), low weight gain and low average weight gain per week during pregnancy, psychosocial stress during pregnancy, inadequate prenatal care, maternal stature less than 158 cm (OR 1.7), menarche before age 12 (OR 4.3), multi-gravida (OR 2.1), previous induced abortion (OR 2.1) and passive cigarette smoking during pregnancy. The author suggests that early treatment of complications of pregnancy and forcing prenatal care should be emphasized in order to reduce the incidence of preterm births.
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PMID:[Preterm delivery and its risk factors]. 150 73

Prenatal cocaine use has become an increasingly important public health problem in the last decade. Interpretation of epidemiologic studies designed to assess the association between cocaine use and adverse pregnancy outcomes is limited by inaccurate measurement of cocaine use, misclassification of users as non-users, confounding by socioeconomic factors, and reporting bias. Studies have consistently documented placental abruption as a maternal reproductive risk associated with cocaine use. Although suggested, less evidence is available to link cocaine use with premature rupture of membranes, spontaneous abortion, pregnancy-induced hypertension, precipitate delivery, or fetal death. Infant outcomes consistently associated with prenatal cocaine use include decreased birth weight, prematurity, and decreased fetal growth. Data on the relationship between prenatal cocaine use and congenital anomalies are limited, but one large retrospective study has documented an association between maternal cocaine use and congenital abnormalities of the urinary tract. Evidence linking prenatal cocaine use and an increased incidence of perinatal cerebral infarction or sudden infant death syndrome is lacking. Future studies should focus on the effect of maternal cocaine use on pregnancy outcome in diverse socioeconomic groups, longitudinal follow-up of exposed children, and the relationship between cocaine use and maternal behaviors that may affect access to prenatal care.
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PMID:Risks associated with cocaine use during pregnancy. 156 65

Premature birth causes high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality. There are multiple causes of preterm birth. This article reviews the evidence linking subclinical infection and premature birth. Although maternal genital tract colonization with specific organisms has been inconsistently associated with preterm birth and/or premature rupture of membranes, some infections have been consistently associated with preterm delivery. The association of histologic chorioamnionitis with prematurity is a consistent finding, but the mechanisms require further study. The relationship between histologic chorioamnionitis infection and the chorioamnionitis of prematurity requires additional research. A varying number of patients in "idiopathic" preterm labor have positive amniotic fluid cultures (0% to 30%), but it is not clear whether infection preceded labor or occurred as a result of labor. Evidence of subclinical infection as a cause of preterm labor is raised by finding elevated maternal serum C-reactive protein and abnormal amniotic fluid organic acid levels in some patients in preterm labor. Biochemical mechanisms for preterm labor in the setting of infection are suggested by both in vitro and in vivo studies of prostaglandins and their metabolites, endotoxin and cytokines. Some, but by no means all, antibiotic trials conducted to date have reported decreases in prematurity. These results support the hypothesis that premature birth results in part from infection caused by genital tract bacteria. In the next few years, research efforts must be prioritized to determine the role of infection and the appropriate prevention of this cause of prematurity.
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PMID:A review of premature birth and subclinical infection. 159 7

Early amnion rupture is a sporadic event that results in mechanical teratogenesis due to amniotic-band disruption and/or compression. It may cause abortion or stillbirth, craniofacial clefts, and cerebral, body wall and limb/skeletal defects. Prolonged and premature rupture of membranes and oligohydramnios result in the dry-lung syndrome and pulmonary hypoplasia. The risk of chorioamnionitis is also increased, with serious consequences to the fetus and neonate. Placental lesions are associated with fetal growth retardation, preterm birth, fetal malformations and other neonatal disorders (congenital infections, erythroblastosis, alpha thalassaemia). In particular, the impact of extremely preterm births on perinatal mortality rates and health costs is substantial. The 1-year survival rate of singleton infants born at the Monash Medical Centre was 10% at a gestation period of 23 weeks, 37% at 24 weeks, 42% at 25 weeks, 61% at 26 weeks and 78% at 27 weeks (11% at birthweights of 500-599 g, 30% at 600-699 g, 55% at 700-799 g and 71% at 800-899 g). Proven measures to minimize the neonatal consequences of extremely preterm delivery include in utero transfer of at-risk fetuses to a perinatal centre and antepartum corticosteroids. Research into the pathophysiological basis of placental and membrane dysfunction may help reduce the prematurity rate.
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PMID:Neonatal consequences of placental and membrane dysfunction. 195 32


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