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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A study was carried out on the patient population of two cerebral palsy facilities serving Northeast New York State to evaluate obstetric factors which might be associated with the development of cerebral palsy. A combination of available medical records and a maternal questionnaire was used for analysis. Of 605 contracted, 158 mothers (26%) provided valid and detailed data, and the study was confined to these 158 patients. A positive association was found with increased reproductive loss, prematurity, and vaginal breech delivery. The need to develop and adopt a comprehensive uniform record system for the pregnant patient and her child is underscored. The limitations of a single factor retrospective study are acknowledged.
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PMID:Obstetric factors in cerebral palsy. 9 91

76 out of 77 children surviving IRDS with the aid of intermittent positive pressure ventilation have been followed-up by the age 2.6-7.6 years together with 68 matched controls. Moderate or severe neurological, developmental or mental abnormalities were present in 17% of all IRDS survivors. Statistical comparison of the matched pairs of IRDS survivors and controls revealed no significant differences in the prevalence of abnormalities. In the IRDS survivors the occurrence of cerebral palsy related to prematurity while the development of psycho-motor and mental retardation related to low birth weight and low milk intake during the first week suggesting that both prenatal and postnatal growth retardation may have been of importance. Statistical analysis of a number of preventilatory and ventilatory parameters did not show significant differences between these groups of IRDS survivors and the remainder. Ventilator treatment is recommended as a promising adjunct to the therapy of severe IRDS in centers where the necessary experience and equipment is at hand.
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PMID:Long term prognosis of infants with severe idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. I. Neurological and mental outcome. 34 86

To evaluate a perinatal risk-grouping system, 1 262 4-year-old children went through a comprehensive health examination. A total of 41.5% of the newborns were included in the wide criteria of risk, which were more common among boys and among children of the youngest and oldest mothers. Among the 4-year-old, the frequency of significant physical health problem was 15.8%, including 10.1% visual disturbances and 2% neurological disorders. In some combinations of risk groups and later health problems there were statistically significant correlations, e.g. regarding prematurity and cerebral irritation vs. cerebral palsy, but not sufficient to serve its purpose as a screening instrument. Even the accumulation of especially serious events in the perinatal period gave no clue to later neurological disorders. The addition of low socioeconomic status as a perinatal risk did not influence the outcome either. The reasons for the weak correlation between perinatal risk factors and later outcome of health disorders and handicaps are discussed, and it is concluded that to detect children with health problems, there seems to be no acceptable alternative to a comprehensive health surveillance as part of a general health service programme of all children, including clinical examinations and screening procedures by well trained personnel.
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PMID:Early detection of preschool health problems--role of perinatal risk factors. 41 91

The author discusses the problem of prematurity as a criterion of developmental degree in a group of children with diparetic and extrapyramidal forms of infantile cerebral palsy. In the group of diparetic form premature babies born in the 7th month of pregnancy with birth weight below 1700 g prevailed, while in the extrapyramidal form babies born in the 8th month of pregnancy with birth weight above 2000 g were most frequent. This suggests that the development of the diparetic form of infantile cerebral palsy is due to earlier action of the pathogenetic factor. Among the aetiological factors causing the extrapyramidal form in premature babies asphyxia was the most frequent one. This may indicate that changes observed in kernicterus are due primarily to hypoxaemia. In conclusion the author states that premature babies born in the 7th month of pregnancy face mainly the danger of diparesis, while in those born in the 8th month the extrapyramidal form of infantile cerebral palsy is more frequent.
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PMID:[Degree of prematurity in some forms of infantile cerebral palsy]. 94 8

We analyzed the gestational, parturitional, neonatal (GPN) histories of 281 severely mentally retarded patients with cerebral palsy to define the etiology or pathogenesis of cerebral palsy in each patient. No association between type of cerebral palsy and GPN histories was found except for an increase in spastic-athetoid patients in the breech delivery subgroup. Significant findings include: increased incidence of prematurity and postmaturity, small and large for-gestational age (GA) fetal size, a normal birthweight for GA distribution of patients with diabetic mothers, an excess of mothers greater than or equal to 35 and less than or equal to 20 years old, an increased immediately-previous sib interval of 2.59 years suggestive of an "infertility factor", an unremarkable GPN history in one third of the cases, in another one third GPN problems not usually associated with a high risk of CNS damage, and in one third gross complications which were probably responsible for the CP, including: an increased incidence of breech deliveries, twinning, prolonged and precipitous labor and placental complications; no increased association of athetosis and Rh incompatibility or incidence of toxemia was found. Disseminated intravascular coagulation due to prenatal death of a twin may have been the cause of brain damage in several patients.
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PMID:Analysis of etiologic factors in cerebral palsy with severe mental retardation. I. Analysis of gestational, parturitional and neonatal data. 97 79

The term "minimal cerebral palsy (MCP)" is discussed, and the importance of its recognition according to a neuropediatric approach is stressed. The spectrum of causes, symptoms and signs of MCP in 81 cases is presented. MCP was diagnosed mainly in boys between their seventh and eleventh year of life. The history indicates a high frequency of pathological conditions of the newborn, especially prematurity (symptoms of risk). A tendency to a late onset of walking unaided, speaking and successful toilet training is noted. Characteristic signs of MCP are as follows: Asymmetries of skull and face, left handedness caused by neurological dysfunction of the right hand, disorders of vision and speech. It is important to search for MCP among children with learning disabilities and behavioural disturbances.
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PMID:[Minimal cerebral palsy neuropaediatric analysis of 81 cases (author's transl)]. 125 Jun 21

Five hundred and forty four cases of cerebral palsy were studied to find the etiology. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. Prenatal, natal and postnatal factors were found in 42 (7.72%), 238 (43.75%) and 142 (26.1%) cases respectively. Only 79 (14.52%) cases were found to have more than one factor which could have contributed to brain damage. In 43 (7.9%) cases the prenatal, natal and postnatal history were normal and the cause was not known. Toxemia (1.29%) cases and microcephaly (1.84%) cases were the most common etiological factors in the prenatal category. Among the natal causes, birth anoxia was the most common etiological factor and was observed in 24.45% cases. Infections of the central nervous system comprised the major etiopathogenetic factors of the postnatal causes--11.95% cases had encephalitis, while 5.15% cases had meningitis. In cases where more than one etiology was present, the most frequent causes were a combination of prematurity or birth anoxia in association with toxemia, antepartum hemorrhage, prolonged labour, twins, forceps or caesarean delivery. Anoxia was consistently the most common etiological factor in those cases of monoplegia paraplegia, quadriplegia, diplegia, and ataxia, i.e. in 0.55%, 1.29%, 11.76%, 6.07% and 0.55% cases respectively. The present study reveals that majority of the cases were found to have natal or post natal etiology.
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PMID:Cerebral palsy--an etiological study. 134 Aug 61

A 25-year-old woman with cerebral palsy of spastic quadriplegia and athetosis showed typical cardiac arrest encephalopathy on neuropathology. The etiology of cerebral palsy was perinatal origin including prematurity, asphyxia and hyperbilirubinemia. Ventricular premature beats had developed since about 20 years of age. Muscle tone also increased with aging and symptoms of vago-vagal reflex were occasionally observed after eating. At 25 years, cardiac arrest occurred and cardiopulmonary resucitation was done immediately. She remained unconscious with absent corneal reflex and irregular respiration. EEG or auditory brain stem response showed flat activity. She died of respiratory failure 53 days after the episode of cardiac arrest. Neuropathology showed bilaterally symmetrical necrosis in the superior colliculi, gracilis nuclei, cuneate nuclei and spinotrigeminal nuclei accompanied with severe necrosis in the cerebrum and cerebellum. These findings in this adult case of total asphyxia were compatible with those observed in total plus partial asphyxia in the neonates. This discrepancy may be due to difference in cerebral maturity. Children or young adults with athetotic type cerebral palsy have a high risk of sudden death. Sudden cardiac arrest seems to play an important role in sudden death of these patients.
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PMID:[A case of cardiac arrest encephalopathy in athetotic cerebral palsy]. 138 32

We examined 30 infants in whom cortical visual impairment was diagnosed during their first year of life to ascertain prognostic factors for the development of object vision, defined as the ability to recognize faces or hand-held toys. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. The most common causes of cortical visual impairment in the 30 infants were hydrocephalus in nine infants (30.0%), birth asphyxia or neonatal hypoxia in eight infants (26.7%), intracranial hemorrhage with or without hydrocephalus in seven infants (23.3%), and meningitis in five infants (16.7%). Lack of development of object vision was associated only with hypoxia (P = .013). Findings on ophthalmic examination, an abnormality in the visual pathway on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance scan, and seizures, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, prematurity, microcephaly, and hearing deficit, did not appear to be risk factors for the lack of development of object vision.
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PMID:Development of object vision in infants with permanent cortical visual impairment. 847 Jul 35

A pediatric neurologist analyzed the case histories of 30 4-16 year old children diagnosed with cerebellar ataxia in the pediatric neurology unit at the Royal Hospital for Sick Children in Edinburgh, Scotland to examine its clinical features, investigative findings, and etiology. Previous unfavorable events happened to 14 children (46.6%). Yet only 6 (42.8%) of these 14 children had unfavorable events of etiological significance. These previous unfavorable events occurred during the perinatal period (48%). These events in order of significance were asphyxia, prematurity, neonatal jaundice, and trauma. 66.6% of all children had an unsteady gait. The 2nd and 3rd most common signs of cerebellar ataxia were truncal ataxia (53.3%) and hypotonia (36.6%). The next most common symptom was considerable delay in reaching gross motor milestones (50%) such as not sitting until 2 years old. 23 (76.6%) of the children had dysfunctions in 1 of the cerebellar divisions. Clinical examination found dysfunctions most often in the paleocerebellum (86.6) followed by the neocerebellum (70%) and archicerebellum (56.6%). The paleocerebellum and the archicerebellum were the only divisions involved in 6 and 1 of the remaining children, respectively. The most common cause of ataxia was hydrocephalus (23.3%) followed by perinatal problems (20%). 70% of the patients also experienced other central nervous system conditions such as macrocephaly and mental retardation. 5 children had normal investigative findings, 3 of whom had cerebellar ataxia syndrome, 1 had congenital ataxic cerebral palsy, and 1 had familiar ataxia.
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PMID:Cerebellar ataxia in childhood: a review of clinical features, investigative findings and aetiology in 30 cases. 150 89


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