Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0728731 (prematurity)
 7,134 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Placental candidiasis is a rare condition; only 24 cases are reported in the literature. 3 additional cases are reported, 2 were associated with fetal cutaneous candidiasis and responded to administration of oral nystatin. Maternal vaginal cultures were positive in 1 of the 2 cases. In a 3rd case, systemic candidiasis was present. The child was delivered prematurely and died 90 minutes after delivery of severe respiratory distress. The mother had continuous vaginal candidiasis unresponsive to treatment throughout the pregnancy. In addition, an IUD was present. Other researchers have determined the criteria for Candida amniotic infection as: exclusive presence of Candida albicans in the different lesions, subacute or chronic specific lesions of fetal adnexae, and clinical manifestations in the newborn. The pathology of the placenta includes microscopic granulomata and presence of filaments or spores on the cord and histological change of the membrane or chorionic plate revealing intense chorioamnionitis with occasional focal granuloma. A review of the case reports indicates that 12 of the 27 infants were delivered after the 36th week and all but 1 were normal or recovered rapidly from cutaneous candidiasis. 15 of the 27 were delivered before the 36th week and only 1 survived. 6 were stillborn, and where histology was reported, systemic candidiasis was present. The 7 infants who died shortly after birth had Candida albicans. 1 infant was anencephalic. In only 5 cases did the membrane rupture more than 12 hours prior to delivery suggesting either Candida crosses the intact membrane or the possibility of a small leaking tear in the membrane. In 7 of the cases an IUD was present and the infection tended to be more overwhelming; all infants died from infection and septicemia, not complications of prematurity. The presence of the IUD is suspect for increased infection. The association of IUDs and Candida albicans-induced septicemia and fetal death warrants careful consideration of the advisibility of attempted removal of the IUD when Candida albicans is grown from the vaginal in the antenatal period.
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PMID:Placental candidiasis: report of three cases with a review of the literature. 709 25

Candida albicans arthritis in the pediatric patient is rarely reported. In each instance, the patient has had one of the factors that predispose to fungal sepsis: broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, hyperalimentation, prematurity, abdominal surgery, corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy, malnutrition, maternal vaginal candidiasis, or lymphoproliferative disorders. To avoid the potentially fatal consequences of delayed treatment, early recognition of the disease is imperative. The patient usually refuses to use the affected joint and plain radiography shows a joint effusion with soft tissue swelling. Osteomyelitis develops in approximately half of the cases. Arthrocentesis with fungal cultures is the best method to make the diagnosis. Treatment is primarily chemotherapeutic and the drug of choice is the membrane inhibitor amphotericin B given intravenously. The antimetabolite 5-fluorocytosine is a second-line drug to be used if resistance develops. All cases before the present one involved the knee joint initially. The case presented involved the left hip and was successfully treated with intravenous amphotericin B.
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PMID:Pediatric Candida albicans arthritis: case report of hip involvement with a review of the literature. 714 47