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Query: UMLS:C0700208 (scoliosis)
 8,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tethering of the spinal cord can occur from a thickened filum terminale, scarring due to myelomeningocele repair, lipomas or diastematomyelia. The typical presentation is a lumbar cutaneous defect, enuresis, unexplained back or leg pain, foot deformities, leg length discrepancies or scoliosis. Spinal ultrasound in neonates and MRI in older children offers ready diagnosis. With laser and microneurosurgical techniques, repair of these defects is safe and effective. The authors recommend that any infant having a mid-line lumbar cutaneous abnormality, such as a hemangioma, lipoma, hair patch or dimple, be evaluated to rule out tethering of the spinal cord.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of the tethered cord syndrome. 128 83

The authors report about their experience with the merits of the normal systematization of epidural fat with MRI. On sagittal sections, this fat has a variable appearance, but its location along the spinal canal is constant. On axial sections, its morphology is suggestive of the level of section: cervical, upper or lower thoracic, lumbar. Some changes in this fat are precious data to explain local hypertrophy (scoliosis) or to locate an intra- or extradural process.
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PMID:[MRI of the spinal epidural fat in pathology]. 129 98

The authors review their experience of 14 children with syringomyelia and associated Chiari I malformation observed during the last 21 years. Initial symptoms were motor weakness (57%), sensory signs (50%), scoliosis (50%) and bladder dysfunction (21.5%), while signs of admission were pyramidal signs (78.5%) with motor deficit (43%), spinal deformities (64.2%), syringomyelic syndrome (36%) and sensory deficit (21.5%). Four children were investigated with myelography, three with myelography and spinal CT Scan and the last seven cases with MRI. Ten children (71.4%) underwent a decompression of the Chiari malformation with or without drainage of the cyst and shunting of an associated hydrocephalus. Syringo-peritoneal shunts were used in 3 children and laminectomy with syringo-subarachnoid shunt in 1 case. The neurological symptoms improved in 57% of the cases, 2 patients deteriorated and 4 patients were lost to follow-up. The authors discuss the clinical symptomatology, the MRI study, the controversies concerning the treatment and concluded with their attitude concerning this pathology in children.
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PMID:[14 cases of communicating syringomyelia associated with Chiari I malformation in children]. 129 75

The standard radiological diagnosis of advanced scoliosis consists of roentgenograms of the total spine in anterior-posterior and lateral views. The deformity of the spine is measured by using the Cobb angle, thus only giving the projected angle of deformity, without showing the true 3-dimensional aspect. The 3-D calculation of the deformity is relevant to diagnosis and therapy of scoliosis. In this paper we define angles according to the Cobb definition, evaluate them trigonometrically and show them in two tables. These angles allow the 3-dimensional deformity in scoliosis to be calculated using the standard roentgenograms in two perpendicular views. This procedure enables us to avoid techniques costly in time and effort in hospital routine, such as stereo radiography, computer-analysis or 3-dimensional reconstruction of CT- and MRI-investigations.
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PMID:Calculation of 3-D deformity in scoliosis by standard roentgenograms. 145 20

Due to the increased interest in physical fitness and to the fact that athletes start their training at younger ages the risk for injuries to the growing individual has increased. The spine, as with the rest of the skeleton, is at greater risk of injury during growth, especially during the adolescent growth spurt. Back pain is more common among athletes participating in sports with high demands on the back than other athletes and nonathletes. Disc degeneration, defined as disc height reduction on conventional radiographs and reduced disc signal intensity on MRI, has been found in a higher frequency among wrestlers and gymnasts than nonathletes. Abnormalities of the vertebral bodies including abnormal configuration, Schmorl's nodes and apophyseal changes are common among athletes. These abnormalities are similar to those found in Scheuermann's disease. Athletes with these types of abnormalities have more back pain than those without. Spondylolysis has been found in higher frequencies than expected among athletes representing many different sports. Spondylolysis has been reported in up to 50% of athletes with back pain. Scoliosis has been found in up to 80% of athletes with an asymmetric load on the trunk and shoulders, such as javelin throwers and tennis players. The scoliosis, however, is a small curvature and does not cause back pain.
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PMID:The thoracolumbar spine in young elite athletes. Current concepts on the effects of physical training. 153 52

This is a report of a young girl who showed a recurrence of acute worsening and remission of neurological manifestations, with consistent MRI demonstration of transaxial septated syrinxes in the cervical and the lumbar spinal cord in addition to a tight filum terminale. This 8 year-old girl had developed normally since her birth until August 1989 when she developed a gait disturbance. This worsened acutely on January 1, 1990, with the additional manifestation of a urinary bladder disturbance. General examination failed to show any abnormality or scoliosis. Neurologic examination revealed a monoparesis of the right lower extremity with muscle atrophy and pyramidal tract sign. Fecal constipation and urinary retention were noted. The MRI T1 weighted sagittal image demonstrated an incontinuous low intensity signal in the C1-C7 as well as in the T12-L2 without swelling of the cord. The axial image clearly demonstrated the septations in the syrinx which looked like eye glasses. No definite Gd enhancement was demonstrated. Chiari malformation was not associated, but the tethered cord was well identified. With the administration of steroid, she showed a marked improvement of neurological manifestations. She was able to urinate without difficulty and also walk by herself. For one month thereafter she remained well with minor neurological deficits until she developed a worsening of the gait disturbance with a newly manifested weakness of the left upper extremity. Sensory impairment was also demonstrated below L3. In contrast to the worsening of the clinical symptoms, no definite change in the abnormalities found by MRI was noted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A septated syringomyelia with a dramatic clinical course in a young patient with MELAS; a case report]. 163 May 72

We described a 5-month-old girl with Aicardi syndrome accompanied by auditory disturbance and multiple brain tumors. She was admitted to our hospital because she suffered from intractable flexor spasms. Physical examination revealed craniofacial asymmetry, left auricular deformity, scoliosis, and remarkable hypotonia with psychomotor retardation. Abnormal ophthalmological findings included chorioretinopathy with pale and round-shaped peripapillary lacunae, and there was modified hypsarrhythmia in her EEG. MRI revealed multiple brain tumors in the 3rd and the lateral ventricles which are considered to be choroid plexus papilloma with agenesis of the corpus callosum. ACTH therapy was administered because of the intractable seizures. After ACTH therapy, the thresholds of waves I and V were much improved. The interpeak latency of waves I-V of the left ear and the peak latency of wave I of the right ear had been lengthened. Acoustic reflex with contralateral stimulation showed no response in the left ear. These findings indicate that the auditory system is also involved in the Aicardi syndrome and that ACTH is effective for its dysfunction.
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PMID:Aicardi syndrome accompanied by auditory disturbance and multiple brain tumors. 166 49

Primary spinal cord oligodendrogliomas are rare tumours. Only 3 holocord cases have been reported in the literature. We present a primary intramedullary "holocord" oligodendroglioma in a 13 year-old male. Scoliosis was the initial symptom. Neurological deterioration prompted MRI, which demonstrated the lesion. Total removal was achieved. This case shows that meticulous surgery may obtain an optimal result in holocord oligodendrogliomas. 2 years after surgery, the young patient has made an excellent recovery.
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PMID:Intramedullary "holocord" oligodendroglioma: case report. 179 50

Somato-sensory evoked potentials (SSEP) were found to be pathological mostly in the lower extremities in 26 out of 45 children suffering from so called idiopathic scoliosis. We examined the vertebral spine and the spinal cord of 8 of them (with controlled SSEP-findings) by use of conventional MR-imaging and (where necessary) 3-dimensional-data-set following the Fournier-procedure. 6 of the 8 children showed alterations as follows: 1. A lipoma spreading partly extra-, partly intraspinally. 2. Subligamentous protrusions of the intervertebral disc (2 patients). 3. Dysraphic processes (2 patients). 4. An abnormally cranial ending myelon surrounded by a widened spinal channel. The findings are demonstrated and discussed concerning the questions whether the pathological SSEP and, furthermore, the deformity of the vertebral spine could be explained thereby. We are at least able to prove that some of the children with so called idiopathic scoliosis show pathological evoked potentials and MRI-findings.
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PMID:[Proton spin tomography in children and adolescents with so-called idiopathic scoliosis]. 183 2

Fourteen patients with the clinical diagnosis of early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes (EOCA) were examined and compared with 11 patients with Friedreich's ataxia (FA). The mean age of onset in EOCA was 15.9 +/- 6.0 yrs (FA: 14.0 +/- 5.7 yrs). Annual progression rate and the percentage of patients who were wheelchair-bound was lower in EOCA as compared with FA, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. The latency until becoming wheelchair-bound, however, was significantly longer in EOCA than in FA. The segregation ratio in EOCA was significantly lower than 0.25. Clinically, EOCA and FA patients presented with a progressive cerebellar syndrome. Associated symptoms, such as muscle wasting, sensory disturbances, foot deformity, scoliosis and electrocardiographic abnormalities were encountered less frequently in EOCA than in FA patients. The electrophysiological findings in EOCA were variable and pointed to axonal degeneration in peripheral nerves and central pathways. Posturographic measurements revealed a higher incidence of anteroposterior sway direction in EOCA as compared with FA, suggesting a cerebellar type of ataxia in EOCA. Eleven out of the 14 EOCA patients had cerebellar atrophy in MRI. The characteristic MRI finding in FA was upper cervical cord shrinkage and only minor atrophy of the cerebellum. The demonstration of cerebellar atrophy in the majority of EOCA patients supports the view that EOCA is distinct from FA. It is uncertain, however, whether EOCA is a homogenous disease entity or a group of phenotypically similar syndromes.
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PMID:Early onset cerebellar ataxia with retained tendon reflexes. Clinical, electrophysiological and MRI observations in comparison with Friedreich's ataxia. 188 66


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