Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0700208 (scoliosis)
 8,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clenbuterol treatment for several weeks prevented up to one-third of the reduction in mineralization of femurs and tibias caused by sectioning of the sciatic nerve in young rats. The normalizing effect of clenbuterol on bone mineral content was directly proportional to similar alterations in muscle mass, which in turn could be abolished by ablation of the triceps surae or hindlimb unweighting and reduced by hypophysectomy. In contrast to the effects of inactivity, ovariectomy caused small reductions (2-4%) in bone density that were not affected by clenbuterol and were not accompanied by changes in ash weight. Together, our results suggest that the ability of beta 2-agonists to retard the loss in net muscle mass and enhance contractile tension can oppose net bone loss caused by denervation. Increases in contractile tension caused by beta 2-agonists may enhance the utility of exercise or electrical stimulation as countermeasures for the effects of scoliosis, prolonged bed rest, spinal cord injury, or weightlessness in space on bone mass.
 ...
PMID:Clenbuterol, a beta 2-receptor agonist, reduces net bone loss in denervated hindlimbs. 167 83

The length and ash weight of ribs were studied in cadaveric specimens from 10 women and eight men with normal spines and from 15 women with scoliosis, six of them with idiopathic right convex thoracic curves. In each case, three rib pairs were removed, those from the scoliotic women corresponding to the apex and the suprajacent and subjacent vertebrae, and those from the normal male and female subjects usually being the 7th-9th. Between the female and the male control groups, there was a significant difference in rib length asymmetry, expressed as the mean of the left minus right difference for the three rib pairs for each person. The difference in ash weight was not significant. There was a significant mean difference in rib length asymmetry between the six patients with right convex thoracic idiopathic scoliosis (concave minus convex rib) and the group of normal females (left minus right rib). Ash weight displayed no significant differences. In five of the six patients with right convex thoracic scoliosis the left ribs of the three examined pairs were on average longer than the right ribs, but the difference was not significant.
 ...
PMID:The length and ash weight of the ribs of normal and scoliotic persons. 408 73

An Hologic QDR 1000-W dual energy X-ray absorptiometer (DXA) was used to make a densitometric evaluation and to optimize ex vivo scanning and analysis conditions for excised sheep bones. Articulated lumbar spines and femora, removed at autopsy from eight 1-2-year-old cross-bred merino ewes, were studied using standard lumbar spine and hip protocols (version 4.20). Spine data were analysed with the ultra-high resolution (UHR) protocol (version 4.25). Preliminary hip measurements also were made using the lumbar spine (version 4.20) and scoliosis protocols (version 4.25). Bone mineral density (BMD) precision for the total hip (n = 5) was 0.4% using version 4.20, and 0.8% using the scoliosis protocol (version 4.25) but was 1.2-3.4% for femoral sub-regions. Precision for the lumbar spine was 0.8% (version 4.20). There was considerable variation in BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) at the same site between animals. Right and left hip BMD were highly correlated (r = 0.98, P < 0.00001). Measurement variables evaluated to determine the optimal conditions included: Hologic scanning protocols, depth of water immersion of bone and dimensions of the region of interest. Accuracy was determined by ashing. Use of the scoliosis protocol (version 4.25) gave the best results for proximal femur measurement. Measured BMC decreased by 4.4% as the water depth increased from 0 to 22.5 cm. At 5 cm water, BMC accuracy was 99% for the total hip, and BMD precision values (n = 3) were 0.3% (total hip) and 0.4% (femoral neck, trochanteric region and femoral shaft). The much-improved precision was attributed to use of a positioning device and to optimizing of the depth of water immersion. Rib segments (length 2.5 cm) were measured using the ultra-high resolution protocol (version 4.25). BMC accuracy determined using 6 ribs was best (100 +/- 2%) at 5 cm water. BMD precision (n = 5) was best (0.3%) at 0 cm water depth and was 0.5% at 4.5 cm water depth. Rib sample BMC (n = 15, 4.5 cm water depth) and ash weight were highly correlated (r = 0.985, P < 0.001). It is concluded that highly precise, accurate densitometry can be performed on excised small and large sheep bones. This technique will support studies evaluating the sheep as an animal model of human osteoporosis.
 ...
PMID:Precise accurate mineral measurements of excised sheep bones using X-ray densitometry. 808 60