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Query: UMLS:C0700208 (scoliosis)
 8,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The author, after stating precisely the meaning of the term scoliosis and describing its therapy, shows the relation between its and dentural lesions as well as possible methods of preventing such alterations. The most suitable type of orthodontic device to be used in this connection is still a matter for discussion. However, the device described in this paper may be considered a further step in the direction of arriving at an optimum therapy.
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PMID:[The orthognathor--a modification to the accompanying orthodontic treatment of subjects of scoliosis (author's transl)]. 15 37

The authors have studied twenty cases of spine deformity in children suffering from Marfan's syndrome. They describe the main features of the disease and point out the difficulty of accurate diagnosis in children with minor involvement. The deformities are those of a dysplastic scoliosis as shown by the frequency of vertebral inversion on the lateral view: dorso-lumbar kyphosis, decreased lumbar lordosis. The treatment should be surgical because of the danger of a fatal outcome without treatment. The incidence of non-union is high and the authors recommend systematic revision of the fusion double curve scolioses with a moderate kyphosis. In cases of severe kyphosis, the addition of anterior grafting is recommended.
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PMID:[Spine deformity in Marfan's syndrome in childhood (author's transl)]. 15 55

With a rate of 0.5-1/1,000 of the total number of births in West Germany, spina bifida is next to cerebral paresis one of the most frequent congenital defects. Altogether, fifty places in special schools are needed per one million of inhabitants for spina bifida children. The loss of physical unctions is comparable to that in the case of paraplegia. The variety of medical and psychological problems makes the cooperation of highly different branches of study indispensible in a rehabilitation team (neurosurgeon, neuropediatrician, urologist, orthopaedist, pediatrician, educator, social worker, physical therapist). Each team member must be informed about the complete rehabilitation plan. These children's shortage of environmental experience is mainly due to their backwardness as regards motoric development, which cannot be recovered by means of individual physical therapy alone. On the other hand, additional, specifically selected and organised physical education makes possible the necessary mobility and social experiences. By giving the children exercises suitable for their ages it is hoped to achieve a late maturation and stabilization of the personality. In choosing the exercises it is first of all necessary to go back to the so-called fundamental activities like climbing, hanging by one's hands, sliding, pushing oneself up off the ground, swinging or throwing and catching, before going on to wheel-chair sports. Wheel-chair sport promises a varied selection for group exercises (games) and for everyday use. Using the wheel-chair as sports equipment, it is possible for persons with other types of locomotive handicaps to be integrated into the group. For physical education in special schools the pupils whould be arranged into groups according to their ability in order to keep the groups as homogenous and the children's chances as equal as possible. The most important teaching criteria are in this case: the creation of a happy atmosphere, a high degree of clarity, the fulfilment of individual inclinations, the encouragement of independence, the development of community life and the fulfilment of everyday tasks. In swimming, the spina bifida child differs from the normal child in his greater initial fear and in the existence of contractions, a scoliosis, hyperlordosis or -kyphosis due to the resultant instability of the water. Because of this, specifically oriented swim- and work-aids must be used. The didactic procedure is then the same as in the case of normal children. After the child's familiarity with and safety in the water is assured, one can proceed to individual swimming techniques and in a few cases to sport swimming. Bacteriological examination of the water did not yield any results which could cause objection on the grounds of hygiene.
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PMID:[Physical education for spina bifida children in special schools for the physically handicapped (primary school)]. 15 44

Structural study of human scoliosis muscles showed significant dystrophic and degenerative changes: desintegration of fibrillar structure and striation; the Zencker necrosis; the replacement of muscular tissue by connective and adipose tissues. The electron microscopic observation revealed disordering of filamental array of the sarcomere (I- and A-discs), the broadening of Z-disc material, the appearance of N-stripes in I-band. At the same time deviations from the norm were observed in contractile proteins: actin and myosin. ATPase activity of myosin decreased by 25--30%; the flow of birefringence of myosin and especially of actin also decreased. Actin from the scoliosis muscles partially or completely lost the ability for polymerization in 0.1 M KC1.
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PMID:[Complex biochemical and structural study of skeletal muscles in scoliosis]. 15 74

Of 136 institutionalized severely retarded children, 20 (15%) had recurrent vomiting. Of these 20, 15 had gastroesophageal reflux diagnosed by x-ray examination, acid reflux text, or both. Esophagitis was noted by endoscopy in ten of 14 patients with GER. Four patients were anemic and six had had one or more episodes of aspiration pneumonia in the 12 months prior to study. Reduced basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure was the most common manometric abnormality noted in the patients with GER. Responses of the LES to bethanechol and swallow were normal, as was the basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter. Abnormal propagation of esophageal peristalsis was seen in six patients, all of whom had moderate or severe esophagitis. When compared to the nonvomiting retarded patients, the GER patients had significantly lower mental age and higher incidence of scoliosis. Patients with GER who had basal LES pressure less than 10 mm Hg did not improve with medical management. Recurrent vomiting is a common and serious problem in severely retarded children, the organic cause of which can be demonstrated by the application of appropriate investigative techniques.
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PMID:Gastroesophageal reflux among severely retarded children. 15 51

The orthopaedic surgeon is often the first consultant to whom a patient with syringomyelia is referred. The disease is not as rare as he may suppose, but its early presenting features are very variable; if he relies solely on such familiar features as pes cavus and scoliosis, he may well miss the diagnosis. The commonest presenting symptom is pain in the head, neck, trunk or limbs; headache or neckache made worse by straining is particularly significant. A history of birth injury also may suggest the possibility of syringomyelia, especially if any spasticity subsequently worsens. Neurological features which may be diagnostic include nystagmus, dissociated sensory loss, muscle wasting, spasticity of the lower limbs or Charcot's joints. Radiographic features include erosion of the bodies of cervical vertebrae and widening of the spinal canal; if, at C5, the size of the canal exceeds that of the body by 6 millimetres in the adult, pathological dilatation is present. The presence of basilar invagination or other abnormalities of the foramen magnum, of spina bifida occulta and of scoliosis are further pointers. Thermography is a useful way of showing asymmetrical sympathetic involvement in early cases. A greater awareness of the prevalence of syringomyelia may lead to earlier diagnosis and to early operation, which appears to hold out the best hope of arresting what is all too commonly a severely disabling and progressive condition.
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PMID:Orthopaedic features in the presentation of syringomyelia. 15 24

The authors have studied a series of seventy patients with hemivertebra. Classification should be based on two criteria--firstly, that the hemivertebra can be fused or separate and secondly, vertebrae above and below the hemivertebra may or may not show transitional abnormality. The natural history may take one of three courses: 1--Deformity may be severe from the beginning in cases of separate hemivertebra associated with transitional abnormalites. 2--The deformity may be stable until the age of nine or ten years, after which a severe scoliosis or kypho-scoliosis may develop. 3--The deformity may be stable throughout the whole of the growing period. The prognosis should be based on the existence of transitional abnormalities, the characteristics of the hemisvertebra (separate or fused), the sex of the patient, assoicated congenital defects, the rotation of the hemivertebra, and the level of the deformity. Treatment should be surgical in cases with early progression during the first few years of life by excision of the hemisvertebra associated with correction using Harrington rods. At the thoracic level, this surgical procedure is dangerous and spine fusion is more appropriate. The second period for surgical treatment is at puberty, either by spine fusion or correction and fusion. At this age, excision of the hemivertebra may still be indicated in the lumbar spine.
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PMID:[Hemivertebra. -- classification, natural history and prognosis (author's transl)]. 15 13

A 2 1/4 year-old boy was treated for cystinuria and urolithiasis with high fluid intake, sodium bicarbonate, and D-penicillamine, over a period of 5 3/4 years, unauthorized interruptions and prescribed pauses included. Therapy was partially sucessful but regrowth of calculi coincided with interruptions of D-penicillamine administration and also with the institution of a low-dose D-penicillamine regime. Flat feet, scoliosis, pectus carinatum, hypermobility of joints, molluscoid pseudotumors and atrophic scars were alarming side effects of D-penicillamine. However, the possibility was not excluded that a forme fruste of an Ehlers-Danlos syndrome preexisted in this boy and was effected by D-penicillamine. Only the molluscoid pseudotumors regressed when D-penicillamine was reduced or omitted temporarily. Osteolathyrism caused by D-penicillamine has hitherto not been reported in man.
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PMID:Skin and bone lesions (dermato-osteolathyrism), possible side effects of D-penicillamine treatment, in a boy with cystinuria. 15 71

From available long-term follow-up studies of untreated scoliosis, there seems to be minimal risk of disabling back pain in adult patients who have lumbar curves. A review of all Swedish patients who in 1971 received disability pension because of scoliosis showed very few who had lumbar curves, significantly fewer and with curves of lesser degrees than patients who had thoracolumbar and thoracic curves. Those exhibiting lumbar curves were mostly 60 years of age or older and had curves around 25 degrees only, of the type that can arise as a result of osteoporosis and disc degeneration. Whether severe low-back pain occurs more often in adults who have lumbar curves than in those whose spines are straight is open to question, since calculations presented show approximately the same incidence of surgery performed for back pain in scoliotic patients and in those whose spines are straight. Because scoliosis surgery in the adult carries a high risk and long-term efficacy is unproved, all types of conservative measures must be tried before discussing an operation. Prophylactic surgery to prevent future back pain in young patients who have lumbar curves is not justified.
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PMID:Adult scoliosis and back pain. 16 83

This report details the expierience with adult lumbar scoliosis among patients at a scoliosis center. Some curves are shown to progress in the adult, while others appear de novo. Pain arising in adult scoliosis may reflect root compression or segmental degeneration. Once pain arises in an adult lumbar curve, it is likely to be progressive and often requires surgical treatment.
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PMID:Adult lumbar scoliosis. 16 85


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