Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0700208 (scoliosis)
 8,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We expand the Kosaki overgrowth syndrome (KOGS) phenotype by over 70% to include 24 unreported KOGS symptoms, in a first male patient, the third overall associated with the PDGFRB c.1751C>G p.(Pro584Arg) mutation. Eighteen of these symptoms are unique to our patient, the remaining six are shared with other patients. Of the 24 unreported features overall, 6 show marked phenotype evolution and varying time of onset. The triangular face detected at 14 months and long palpebral fissures with lateral ectropion at 4 years are present in other members of the cohort. The remaining 4 are unique to Patient 5: pronounced macrocephaly from birth, increasingly triangular anterior skull from 14 months, camptodactyly, emerging at 4 years and worsening joint contractures from 6 years. Compilation of all new symptoms reported here with published clinical data further identifies at least 18 clinical parameters common to all cases to date, encompassing both known KOGS-associated PDGFRB mutations. We therefore propose a set of 18 core KOGS symptoms, with 16 present in early childhood. These results should also impact diagnostic/prognostic scope, intervention and outcome potential for KOGS patients, particularly for developmentally progressive conditions such as scoliosis and myofibroma.
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PMID:Phenotype expansion and development in Kosaki overgrowth syndrome. 2922 47

Kosaki overgrowth syndrome is a recently described syndrome characterized by distinctive facial features, brain white matter lesions, and developmental delay. Germline activating heterozygous PDGFRB mutations have been reported in this condition. Systemic connective tissue-type findings have been described in some individuals. We describe a 19-year-old Caucasian female with a history of hydrocephalus, Dandy-Walker malformation, cervical spine arachnoid cyst, progressive scoliosis, and overgrowth. Her physical exam included distinctive craniofacial dysmorphism, as well as soft and hyperextensible skin. Cardiovascular imaging during adolescence revealed saccular aneurysms in both coronary artery systems and subtle tortuosity of the cervical vertebral arteries. Exome sequencing trio analysis identified a de novo previously reported pathogenic variant in PDGFRB, c.1696T>C (p.[Trp566Arg]). Further functional studies included platelet-derived growth factor cellular metabolic pathway activity that confirmed the variant causes a constitutive activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway. This is the first report to characterize the activating nature of this PDGFRB variant. We also highlight the connective tissue findings seen in Kosaki overgrowth syndrome and recommend baseline echocardiographic evaluation in all individuals with this condition with particular emphasis on coronary arteries.
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PMID:Constitutive activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway and cardiovascular abnormalities in an individual with Kosaki overgrowth syndrome. 3094 10

Specific classes of de novo heterozygous gain-of-function pathogenic variants of the PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta) cause a distinctive overgrowth syndrome, named the Kosaki overgrowth syndrome (KOGS) (OMIM #616592). Until now, six patients with this condition have been reported in the literature. In addition to skeletal overgrowth, these patients exhibit hyperelastic, translucent, and fragile skin, scoliosis, progressive loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue, skull deformity, infantile myofibromas, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and arachnoid cysts in the posterior fossa and periventricular white matter signal abnormalities on neuroimaging. This constellation of phenotypes clearly distinguishes KOGS from other PDGFRB-related disorders, including idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, infantile myofibroma, and Penttinen-type premature aging syndrome. From a molecular standpoint, PDGFRB is a dimeric receptor tyrosine kinase that plays critical roles in cell growth and tumorigenesis. The two known types of pathogenic variants (p.(Pro584Arg) and p.(Trp566Arg)) of the PDGFRB that cause KOGS are exclusively located in the juxtaglomerular domain that regulates autoactivation/inhibition of PDGFRB. In-vitro evidence suggests that p.(Pro584Arg) represents a gain-of-function pathogenic variant. Inhibition of PDGFRB activity using multi-kinase inhibitors appears to be a potentially promising therapeutic approach. Investigation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of this disease using induced pluripotent stem cells is under way. Presence of skeletal overgrowth, distinctive facial features, characteristic hyperelastic and fragile skin, and cerebral white matter lesions with neuropsychiatric symptoms should prompt genetic analysis of the PDGFRB.
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PMID:Kosaki overgrowth syndrome: A newly identified entity caused by pathogenic variants in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta. 3171 Jul 79