Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0700208 (scoliosis)
 8,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a survey of 75 dancers (mean age, 24.3 years) in four professional ballet companies, we found that the prevalence of scoliosis was 24 percent and that it rose with increases in age at menarche. Fifteen of 18 dancers (83 percent) with scoliosis had had a delayed menarche (14 years or older), as compared with 31 of 57 dancers (54 percent) without scoliosis (P less than 0.04). The dancers with scoliosis had a slightly higher prevalence of secondary amenorrhea (44 percent vs. 31 percent), the mean (+/- SD) duration of their amenorrhea was longer (11.4 +/- 18.3 vs. 4.1 +/- 7.4 months; P less than 0.05), and they scored higher on a questionnaire that assessed anorectic behavior. The incidence of fractures was 61 percent (46 of 75 dancers), and it rose with increasing age at menarche. Sixty-nine percent of the fractures that were described were stress fractures (mostly in the metatarsals), and their occurrence had an even stronger correlation with increased age at menarche. The incidence of secondary amenorrhea was twice as high among the dancers with stress fractures (P less than 0.01), and its duration was longer (P less than 0.05). In 7 of 10 dancers in whom endocrine studies were performed, the amenorrheic intervals were marked by prolonged hypoestrogenism. These data suggest that a delay in menarche and prolonged intervals of amenorrhea that reflect prolonged hypoestrogenism may predispose ballet dancers to scoliosis and stress fractures.
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PMID:Scoliosis and fractures in young ballet dancers. Relation to delayed menarche and secondary amenorrhea. 345 41

It is generally accepted that exercise is beneficial for young women, since it increases cardiovascular fitness and reduces adiposity. Too much exercise can have negative effects on the reproductive and skeletal systems, however, including primary and secondary amenorrhea thought to be caused by several factors including low body weight and improper nutrition. Primary and secondary amenorrhea present similar patterns of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone suppression, probably involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and possibly also the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Recent research has also suggested that leptin (a hormone made by the fat cell) is a possible link between menstrual cycles and fat and energy levels. The female athletic triad consists of three interrelated problems: eating disorders, amenorrhea, and osteopenia. The most serious aspect of hypoestrogenism is its effect on bone growth of elite athletes; those with delayed menarche show a higher incidence of scoliosis, stress fractures, and osteopenia than do girls with normal menarche. The higher incidence of bone problems may be linked to a lower rate of bone accretion, which may lead to lower peak bone mass. Unfortunately, the loss may be irreversible. In addition to decreasing training and gaining weight, treatment for menarcheal delay may include oral contraceptive therapy.
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PMID:Exercise and female adolescents: effects on the reproductive and skeletal systems. 1044 15

Mosaicism 45X/47XXX is a sporadic form of ovarian dysgenesis. Many of the cases previously described were characterized by a variable phenotype expression. We here report the case of a 33-yr-old woman with recent secondary amenorrhea, weight loss and breast regression. Her menarche had occurred at the age of 11 yr and 6 months and her menstrual cycles had been regular until the age of 28; then, oligomenorrhea and hypertricosis developed. A pelvic ultrasound showed enlarged polycystic-like ovaries and normal uterus. She was treated with ethynil-estradiol and cyproterone acetate for one year. At the age of 31 yr, she underwent a pelvic ultrasound--which revealed normal volume of the ovaries--and hormonal assays including FSH (69 UI/l), LH (113 UI/l), 17beta-estradiol (88 pg/ml), plasma androgens and cortisol levels within normal ranges. No organ-specific autoantibodies toward ovaries, steroid-producing cells or adrenals were found. At the age of 33 yr, there was ultrasound evidence of streak-like ovaries. The patient's height was 145 cm and her weight 45 kg. She had normal female external genitalia, abnormal upper-to-lower body segment ratio, webbed neck, low posterior hair line, cubitus valgus, short and asymmetrical 4th metacarpi, hallux with lateral deviation and moderate scoliosis. No increase in ovarian steroids were found after GnRH-analogue triptorelin (0,1 mg sc) administration. The karyotype analysis on peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a mosaic 45X (90% cells) and 47XXX (10% cells). Diagnostic pelviscopy confirmed streak gonads. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis was diagnosed but no cardiovascular or kidney abnormalities were found. A neuro-psychological evaluation revealed emotional and social immaturity, disorders in motorial coordination, visual-spatial organization, as well as reading difficulties and impaired complex phrase construction. The presence of several somatic features of Turner's syndrome, neuro-psychological disorders and an interesting natural history probably depended on the quantitative proportion of 45X to 47XXX cell-lines in different tissues and organs. Estrogen and progestin replacement therapy led to weight gain, re-appearance of secondary sexual characteristics and a mild improvement in mental equilibrium.
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PMID:Turner's syndrome mosaicism 45X/47XXX: an interesting natural history. 1176 52

A 19-year-old female with Poland's Syndrome with associated left amastia, scoliosis, and left Sprengel deformity developed secondary amenorrhea from premature ovarian failure. Her menarche was at 13 years of age, and periods were regular and monthly until 15 years of age when her periods suddenly stopped. Her hormonal evaluation was significant for elevated FSH (46.5 mIU/ml) and LH (28.5 mIU/ml), and low estradiol (23 pg/ml). Anti-ovarian antibody level was less than 2 units (normal < 4 units). Her chromosomes were 46XX, by both standard karyotype and by fluorescence in situ hybridization. On transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasonography, ovaries were not visualized, the uterus was of normal size and anteverted and both kidneys were normal. The patient began hormone replacement therapy with conjugated estrogen (Premarin) 0.625 mg po daily and progestin (Provera) 5 mg on days 20 to 25. Because of menopausal symptoms, she was switched to a combination oral contraceptive (OC) with 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol that was eventually increased to 30 mcg. Her menopausal symptoms (hot flashes and sweating) improved on the continuous 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol combination OC. Following a comprehensive review of the literature, this is the first reported case of Poland's Syndrome associated with premature ovarian failure; however, this association may be coincidental.
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PMID:Poland's syndrome and premature ovarian failure. 1560 81