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Query: UMLS:C0700208 (scoliosis)
 8,574 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This third autopsy study of 23 centenarians (7 men and 16 women) included the pathologic examination of bone, the detection of malignant neoplasms, and the determination of the main and contributory causes of death. (Previous studies concerned the lungs and the cardiovascular, urogenital and digestive systems). The vertebral bone specimens showed definite osteoporosis in 14 of the 23 subjects. In some cases it was associated with kyphosis or scoliosis of the spine or a history of femoral fracture. Eight malignant neoplasms were observed in six patients. Prostatic cancers were found in three of the seven men. All the cancers were well differentiated structurally. Four latent cancers were detected at autopsy. Most of these centenarians died of bronchopneumonia or myocardial fibrosis. Death from a malignant neoplasm was uncommon, and usually the cancer was only a contributory cause. The importance of atherosclerosis prevention is stressed by the fact that atherosclerosis was the basic cause of the cardiovascular lesions that constituted a main cause of death.
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PMID:Pathology of centenarians. III. Osseous system, malignant lesions, and causes of death. 71 21

The National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) was initiated in 1969. One of its objectives was to modulate treatments according to risk factors to minimize the number and severity of treatment-related short-term and long-term iatrogenic complications. The NWTS has therefore incorporated a Long Term Follow-up Study (LTFS) within its framework to monitor late effects. The LTFS is confined to relapse-free survivors alive 5 years or longer after initial surgery, and data are collected using specifically designed forms. A total of 787 patients registered on NWTS-1 or NWTS-2 (1969 to 1979) were eligible, of whom 680 (86%) were available for analysis regarding musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and neuropsychologic status, and the presence of benign and malignant tumors. Patients with early-stage disease who were treated with radiation had scoliosis reported, along with other musculoskeletal abnormalities (32 versus 2), nearly seven times as often as did the members of the cohort population who did not undergo radiation (35 of 57 versus 5 of 53, respectively). The difference in cardiovascular problems recorded in survivors who did and did not receive Adriamycin (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) (2.4 versus 1.1 per 100-person years at risk) had borderline statistical significance (P = 0.06). No excess in neuropsychologic events was reported for those given the neurotoxin vincristine. When considering patients with disease of all stages, all 5 second malignant tumors occurred in the 623 patients who underwent radiation (RT patients); benign tumors were also more frequent in RT patients than in those patients who did not undergo radiation (41 of 486 or 8% versus 4 of 194 or 2%). Continuing study of this unique body of patients is needed, especially for those given Adriamycin, because of the known long interval needed for latent cardiomyopathy to become clinically manifest in some patients.
Cancer 1991 Jan 15
PMID:Late effects of treatment for Wilms' tumor. A report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group. 184 40

Most of the research into the psychosocial impact of treatment for cancer in children has concentrated on effects on the family rather than on the children's return to school. Thus parents and teachers were questioned about the problems experienced by 117 children who returned to school after spending time in hospital. The children comprised 51 with cancer and two groups of control children (34 with chronic diseases such as renal disease and cardiac conditions and 32 with orthopaedic conditions such as thoracic scoliosis, club foot, and injuries resulting from trauma). Children in all three groups experienced problems on returning to school, the greatest number and variety occurring in the children treated for cancer and the fewest in the children with orthopaedic conditions. The variety of physical problems was greatest and the variety of academic problems was least, with psychological and behavioural problems intermediate. Several problems seemed to be related to drug treatment. Several children missed a considerable amount of full time education. Many teachers were unsure of the academic expectations and physical capabilities of children returning to school. To facilitate a smooth return to school for a child with cancer improved liaison is needed between the hospital, school, and home during the child's absence and teachers need to be better informed.
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PMID:Impact of childhood cancer on return to normal schooling. 239 Jun 6

Although exposure to ionizing radiation is a recognized risk factor for breast cancer, the potential hazard from low-dose, fractionated exposures during early breast development has not been thoroughly evaluated. Women with scoliosis represent a valuable population for studying this issue because they are exposed to multiple diagnostic x rays during childhood and adolescence, times when the breast may be highly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of radiation. A study was conducted of 1,030 women with scoliosis who were seen at four Minneapolis area medical facilities between 1935 and 1965. The average age at diagnosis was 12.3 years; 60% of the women had idiopathic scoliosis. Individual x-ray films were counted and the number per patient ranged from 0 to 618 films (mean, 41.5). On average, the x-ray exposures were given over an 8.7-year period. Ninety percent of the women were located, of whom over 92% responded to a mail questionnaire or telephone interview. The average period of observation was 26 years. Overall, 11 cases of breast cancer were reported, compared with six expected (standardized incidence ratio = 1.82, 90% confidence interval = 1.0-3.0). Excess risk increased with time since exposure and was highest among those followed for more than 30 years (standardized incidence ratio = 2.4). Risk also increased with the number of x rays and with the estimated radiation dose to the breast (mean, 13 rad). These data suggest that frequent exposure to low-level diagnostic radiation during childhood or adolescence may increase the risk of breast cancer.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1989 Sep 06
PMID:Breast cancer in women with scoliosis exposed to multiple diagnostic x rays. 276 83

A 77-year-old woman was admitted with obstructive jaundice. US and CT demonstrated a solid mass 2.5cm in diameter in the hepatic hilum. Cholangiography revealed not only severe stenosis of the hilar hepatic duct but also involvement of the right-posterior-inferior-ventral branch and right caudal branch. Angiography showed almost normal appearance except cystic artery. Duodenal invasion was also detected by per oral duodenography. These findings forced to plan extended right hepatic lobectomy with caudate lobectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy for radicality. In spite of the aged and her complications such as DM, hypertension, scoliosis and bradyacusia, liver function was good and she was mentally very active for life. Therefore, planned operation was performed and the suitability of this operation was proved by histological examination. She underwent resection of the abdominal wall for recurrence 8 months after and now alive without the disease 27 months after the first operation. It is stressed that the most suitable operation should be selected conceiving the mode and severity of cancer extension which is revealed by precise preoperative examinations and extended operation may be indicated in even the elderly if various conditions are good.
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PMID:[A case of advanced gallbladder carcinoma of a 77-year-old female successfully resected with extended right hepatic lobectomy with caudate lobectomy and pancreatoduodenectomy]. 318 98

This report evaluates the efficacy of extensive chest wall resection and prosthetic reconstruction in 15 children with chest wall malignancies. There were nine boys and six girls, with a mean age of 9.6 years. Eleven patients had primary chest wall tumors including Ewing's sarcoma (ES), six; rhabdomyosarcoma (RH), two; chondrosarcoma (CS), one; Askin's malignant neuroectodermal tumor, one; and mesenchymal sarcoma, one. Four children had metastases to chest wall and lung from Wilms' tumor (WT), two; osteogenic sarcoma (OS), one; and neuroblastoma (NB), one. Chest wall resection of two to six ribs and reconstruction with Marlex mesh (seven), lattisimus flap (two), prolene mesh (one), and more recently, a Gortex patch (five), was performed. Eight of the patients required concomitant en-bloc pulmonary resection (wedge, five; lobectomy, two; pneumonectomy, one) and two required resection of diaphragm. Fourteen received adjunctive therapy (chemotherapy, 14; irradiation, eight [preoperative, five; postoperative, three]. Six patients had second-look resections after chemotherapy. There was no operative mortality. Early pulmonary function was normal; however, pulmonary restrictive disease and scoliosis occurred with growth. One ES patient developed a radiation-induced second malignant tumor at age 10 and one ES child died at age 6 (no evidence of disease) of meningitis. Average survival length for ES patients was 77 months (range, 18 to 132 months.) Currently, eight patients are alive and five are free of disease. Extensive chest wall resection and reconstruction is useful in the treatment of primary chest wall tumors, but is palliative in metastatic cases. The Gortex patch is the current prosthetic of choice.
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PMID:Chest wall resection and reconstruction for malignant conditions in childhood. 320 68

The results of management of 14 patients with Stage IV-S neuroblastoma are reported. The treatment policy, although not consistent over this time span, in general used a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy or infrequently one modality alone. Twelve of 14 (86%) survived more than 6 years. One patient, with a solitary mediastinal primary tumor, died of rapidly progressive disease at three months. The other death occurred in a 4.5-year-old presenting with hepatomegaly at diagnosis followed by skeletal dissemination 2.5 years later. Thirteen of the patients were younger than 1 year of age. Of the 11 patients that received radiotherapy, 4 experienced mild asymptomatic scoliosis or kyphoscoliosis at 3 to 12 years after initial therapy. A review of the literature indicates that spontaneous regression in this tumor is very frequent; therefore, it is recommended that for the common presentation of massive hepatomegaly in an infant, close observation is warranted, unless life threatening complications occur. However, initial therapeutic intervention may be indicated in those patients with life threatening presentations. This data did not substantiate the necessity for complete surgical excision of the primary tumor, as has been suggested by others.
Cancer 1984 May 15
PMID:Stage IV-S neuroblastoma. Results with definitive therapy. 670 96

A considerable amount of concern has been felt recently for the risk of carcinogenesis from x-rays to scoliosis patients. This paper re-evaluates risk in quantitative terms by using some data measured by us and other data recently published in the literature. The risks are considerably smaller than had been estimated earlier. Compared with the natural incidence of cancer in the general population, the cumulative additional risk for scoliosis patients varies from 0.2% for breast carcinoma to 5% for leukemia.
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PMID:A revised estimate of the risk of carcinogenesis from x-rays to scoliosis patients. 670 20

The complications of 50 Chinese children with neurofibromatosis-1 were found to be different from other ethnic groups. There was a predominance of scoliosis, speech problems, and blood malignancies, but brain tumors were rare. The majority had good prognosis. Clinical manifestations depend on the age of ascertainment and, therefore, the prediction of associated complications should be made accordingly.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of neurofibromatosis-1 in Chinese children. 770 90

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disorder characterized by lateral curvature of the spine and is the most prevalent orthopedic disorder in this age group. The diagnosis and management of AIS requires multiple full-spinal radiographs, leading to potentially high doses of ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to estimate in a cohort of subjects with AIS the organ-specific doses of x-ray radiation from spinal radiographs and to calculate the lifetime number of cancers attributable to these exposures. The cohort consisted of AIS patients referred from 1960 to 1979 to a large pediatric hospital in Montreal, Quebec. Organ-specific x-ray doses were estimated using a Monte Carlo procedure that accounted for the radiant energy of the x-ray beam. Cumulative doses for each subject were obtained by summing the estimated doses over all radiographs. These estimates of dose and published estimates of risk from the U.S. National Academy of Sciences Fifth Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation were then incorporated into a life table procedure to project the excess lifetime risk of cancer. About 85% of the 2,181 subjects in the cohort were first referred for scoliosis between the ages of 11 and 17 y. The mean number of radiographs over an average 3-y follow-up period was 12. Organs receiving the highest mean cumulative doses (about 0.03 Gy) were the thyroid gland and the female breast. About 10 excess incident cancer cases (out of a total of 399 projected) and about four excess deaths (out of a total of 247 projected) were estimated to occur over the lifetime of the 1,847 women in the cohort. This is equivalent to an excess lifetime risk of about 1 to 2% (12-25/1,000) among women. Although doses today from spinal radiographs are considerably lower than two decades ago, doses and risks can be further reduced through the use of the posteroanterior view in place of the more traditional anteroposterior view.
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PMID:Projecting the lifetime risk of cancer from exposure to diagnostic ionizing radiation for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. 818 37


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