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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From 1960 through 1973, the Hawaii Tumor Registry identified 781 Caucasian and 1073 Japanese cases of large bowel cancer. Survivorship analysis revealed that Japanese patients had a 32% higher 5-year relative survival rate than Caucasians. Further analyses showed that colon cancer cases did better than rectal cases, and patients diagnosed before 65 years of age fared better than cases diagnosed at an older age. As expected, patients with localized disease lived much longer than those who had more advanced disease. Men and women were similar in their survival from large bowel cancer. Histologic grade of the lesion, socioeconomic variables, behavioral practices and other factors which may affect survivorship by race could not be included in this study. Until such factors are also incoporated in the analyses, the observed results are only suggestive of a racial difference in survivorship.
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PMID:Survivorship from large bowel cancer among Caucasians and Japanese in Hawaii. 63 13

Currently available estimates of outcomes following colon resection in elderly patients with colon cancer are based on series collected at academic medical centers. We used Medicare Part A claims and enrollment records of a 5% nationally random sample of elderly Medicare beneficiaries from 1983 to 1985 to estimate how patient age and sex affected perioperative mortality and 1- and 2-year survival rates among elderly patients undergoing a colon resection procedure for colon cancer. Among the 5,586 individuals in our data set, the overall perioperative mortality rate was 5.0%, ranging from 3.3% in beneficiaries 66 to 69 years of age to 9.3% in those 85 years of age and older. Men had a 31% higher perioperative mortality rate than women (5.8% versus 4.4%, p less than 0.05). The overall postoperative survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 72% and 63%, respectively, decreasing with increasing age, but were similar in men and women. This analysis provides age- and sex-specific estimates of outcomes following surgery for elderly patients with colon cancer that are more precise and have more potential for generalization than those that were available previously.
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PMID:Results of colectomy in elderly patients with colon cancer, based on Medicare claims data. 832 37

To investigate an association between colon cancer and obesity during early adulthood--a potentially important period in the etiology of this disease--the authors assembled, by computer linkage, a population-based historical cohort of 52,539 men born between 1913 and 1927 residing in Hawaii (USA), for whom weight and height had been recorded in 1942-43 and 1972. Linkage of this cohort to the Hawaii Tumor Registry resulted in the identification of 737 incident cases of colorectal cancer for 1972-86. An average of 3.8 cancer-free controls were matched to each case on month and year of birth and ethnicity of the parents. A case-control analysis in each anatomic subsite of the large bowel revealed that both early and middle-age body mass increased the risk of sigmoid cancer in men in a dose-dependent fashion. The odds ratios (OR) for sigmoid cancer for the highest compared with the lowest tertiles of Quetelet index were: 2.1 (95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.2) and 1.7 (CI = 1.1-2.5), at ages 15-29 and in prediagnostic years, respectively. These associations were additive and independent of socioeconomic status. Men who were above the median Quetelet index in 1942 and 1972 had an OR of 2.7 (CI = 1.8-4.0), compared with those who were below the median in both periods. This study provides further evidence for an association of obesity with colon cancer in men and suggests that this association is limited to the sigmoid colon and may be related to both early and late events of colon carcinogenesis.
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PMID:Obesity in youth and middle age and risk of colorectal cancer in men. 161 22

In this nested case-control study, 8,006 American Japanese men were examined and interviewed with a dietary questionnaire from 1965 to 1968. After a follow-up period of over 16 years, 102 colon and 60 rectal cancer incident cases were identified. Dietary data from these patients and from 361 cancer-free controls were analyzed for intake of dietary fiber (DF), vitamins, minerals, macronutrients, and selected food groups. We found a significant (p = 0.042) negative association of DF and colon cancer risk among low fat intake men (less than 61 g/d). In this subgroup, the men consuming less than 7.5 g/d of DF had an adjusted relative risk (RR) for colon cancer of 2.28 (95% CI 0.93-5.60), compared to those consuming greater than or equal to 14.8 g/d of DF. We also observed (among the complete group of subjects) a significant (p = 0.011) negative association between vitamin C intake and the risk of colon cancer. Men in the lowest quintile of vitamin C intake (less than 37 mg/d) had an adjusted colon cancer RR of 1.87 (95% CI 1.03-3.37), compared to men in the highest quintile (greater than or equal to 160 mg/d). We view these dietary associations with colon cancer risk with caution. There were no other significant associations of dietary variables with colon cancer risk. Also, there were no significant associations between intake levels of DF, micronutrients, or food groups and rectal cancer risk.
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PMID:Diet and colorectal cancer with special reference to fiber intake. 254 31

Colorectal adenocarcinoma are rare in Madagascar. Over a period of 8 years, such tumors were treated in the cancerology and surgery departments of Antananarivo. The low incidence and the relative young age at the time of diagnosis are comparable to observations made in other developing countries. Men represent 47 of the cases and women 34. On the average, patients were 52.3 years old (range: 23-78 years). The most frequent early symptoms are rectorrhagia (26 cases) for rectal cancer, abdominal pain (9 cases) and transit bowel disorders (9 cases) for colon cancer. Between the first symptom and diagnosis, the average delay is 8.5 months (range: 2 days-37 months). No risk factor was found. Thirteen patients did not receive any treatment, 8 were only submitted to radiotherapy and 60 were surgically treated with a curative intent in 26 cases, a palliative one in 32 cases and for diagnosis in 2 cases. Among the 63 tumors available for modified Dukes' classification of Astler-Coller, 9.5% are stage B1, 23.8% are stage B2, 11% are stage C1, 15.9% are stage C2 and 39.7% are stage D; there are no stage A. There is no epidemiological particularity for these cancers in Madagascar. The poor prognosis is probably mainly related to a lack of appropriate medical and surgical facilities.
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PMID:[Colorectal cancer in Madagascar. A study of 81 cases diagnosed and treated at the Antananarivo General Hospital]. 321 23

The authors studied 2,950 population-based colon cancer cases in males in Los Angeles County, California, that were diagnosed between 1972 and 1981. To determine if colon cancer risk is reduced by physical activity on the job in males aged 20-64 years, the authors first rated each occupation by judging the activity level as high, moderate, or sedentary. Men with sedentary jobs had a colon cancer risk at least 1.6 times that of men whose jobs required a high level of activity. Risk increased in a stepwise manner as activity level decreased. This gradient was consistently seen within each socioeconomic stratum, among whites, blacks, immigrant and native Hispanics, and for each subsection of the colon from the hepatic flexure to the sigmoid. The protective effect of physical activity was very strong in the descending colon and diminished in a gradient both proximally and distally. There was no such relationship between physical activity and risk for rectal cancer. Physical activity may play a major, previously unrecognized role in colon cancer etiology. Such a role is consistent with the known pattern of colon cancer occurrence and with our understanding of colon physiology and colon cancer pathogenesis. In addition to the implications for prevention, understanding the effects of physical activity on colon cancer risk may allow future studies to evaluate more accurately the role played by diet.
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PMID:Job activity and colon cancer risk. 673 27

Two hundred and seven large bowel cancer patients (93% of all cases diagnosed in a defined community between 1965 and 1976) were matched at random with non-cancer subjects of same age, sex, and place of residence. Men with cancer, aged 75 years and younger than, had a more frequent history of work in a local factory handling synthetic fiber than controls (22 versus 10; P less than 0.025). In this factory 45% of cancers occurred before age 60, while this was true in only 24% of cancer cases outside the factory (P less than 0.05). There was a greater tendency for cancers in factory workers to occur in the colon than in the rectum. Heredity was not found to be a risk factor for large bowel cancer. The rate of prior appendectomy was higher in men with colon cancer (P less than 0.05) and the rate of prior cholecystectomy was lower in females with colonic cancer (P less than 0.05). A previous hemorroidectomy was also found more often in males with colonic cancer (P less than 0.05). Long-standing severe constipation was present more often in patients with cancer (P less than 0.01). There was some evidence for a compounding influence of different risk factors, as studied by relative risk ratio. This study confirms the existence of a high risk of large bowel cancer in a group of workers in a synthetic fiber factory and suggests other factors antecedent to large bowel cancer.
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PMID:A case-control study of risk factors for large bowel carcinoma. 683 61

A prospective study of cancer and coronary heart disease (CHD) in 8,006 Hawaiian Japanese men, aged 45-68 years, showed that serum cholesterol levels below 180 mg/dl predicted low rates of CHD and high rates of colon cancer. Men with colon cancer had lower mean serum cholesterol levels than did other members of the cohort, including those with cancer at other sites. The lowest serum cholesterol levels were obtained from men who died as a result of colon cancer. The lack of such an association with other cancers and the persistence of this inverse association in colon cancer patients diagnosed 5-9.9 years after examination suggest that the low serum cholesterol was not due to preexisting disease. Right colon tumors showed the strongest inverse association with serum cholesterol. The differences between CHD and colon cancer in respect to serum cholesterol indicate that different subsets of the westernized Japanese population are affected.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol and colon cancer incidence in Hawaiian Japanese men. 694 3

Time trends in serum cholesterol were analyzed in the Framingham Study data to determine whether low serum cholesterol, which appears to be associated with increased cancer risk, can truly be called a precursor to the development of the disease. Serum cholesterol measured at base line was found to be associated with the risk of both fatal cancer and all cancers occurring in the subsequent 18 years in men (P less than 0.05). This inverse association seems particularly strong for colon cancer in men. Analysis of time trends in the Framingham data did not yield consistent results for all ages. Men 50--59 years old had a statistically significant lower serum cholesterol measured 16--18 years before cancer diagnosis. For men 60--65 years old, a statistically significant trend toward lower serum cholesterol was apparent as measurement was made closer to the time fo cancer diagnosis. Although the Framingham data are not conclusive, they do suggest that in some cancer cases where the serum cholesterol level was lower than that expected at as much as 16--18 years before cancer diagnosis, the depressed level was likely to be a precursor to the tumor growth. However, consistent with the metabolic consequences of tumor growth, the data show that in some cancer cases, serum cholesterol had decreased at measurements made close to the time of cancer diagnosis.
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PMID:The serum cholesterol-cancer relationship: an analysis of time trends in the Framingham Study. 695 62

Records were reviewed of 396 men less than 75 years old with a history of transurethral prostatectomies, known smoking habits, height, weight and no prostate malignancy more advanced than stage A. The 51 men with stage A cancer included more current smokers than the 345 without malignancy (45.1% versus 22.3%, odds ratio 2.9, confidence interval 1.6 to 4.5, p < 0.001). Prostatectomy specimens from smokers were smaller than those from nonsmokers (21.4 versus 26.9 gm., p < 0.005) and those from cancer patients were smaller than those from men without cancer. Small adenomas included more cancers per kilogram than large adenomas in smokers and nonsmokers. Men with a history of prostatectomy were less often current smokers than 128 men with newly diagnosed colon cancer (22.3% versus 42.2%, odds ratio 0.49, confidence interval 0.27 to 0.77), and less often ever smokers than 325 men from a general internist's office (46.5% versus 55.4%, odds ratio 0.70, confidence interval 0.52 to 0.94). These data suggest smoking as a risk factor for stage A prostatic cancer and confirm smoking abstinence as a risk factor for prostatic hypertrophy requiring surgery.
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PMID:More stage A prostatic cancers, less surgery for benign hypertrophy in smokers. 767 42


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