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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of carcinoma of the large bowel in the United States is higher than for any other site. In Japan it is about one quarter as frequent, and the cause of this discrepancy appears to be more environmental than genetic on the basis of migrant studies. The incidence of carcinoma in familial polyposis approaches 100% and in villous adenoma the incidence of carcinoma is 40-50%. The relation of adenomatous polyps to carcinoma is not so strong, yet there is a notable association between the occurrence of polyps and carcinoma in the same bowel. With modern surgical techniques, the risk of removing polypoid lesions of the colon transabdominally appears much lower than the average risk of leaving such lesions alone unless and until they give signs and symptoms of carcinoma. The greater use of the colonoscope should, however, greatly reduce the need for laparotomy.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:The control of large bowel cancers. Present status and it challenges. 121 47

In an effort to evaluate the possible correlation of the transforming ability of the known colon carcinogens dimethylhydrazine, 3-2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl, and methylazoxymethanolacetate to damage and repair of DNA, a series of compounds known to react with DNA-nitrogen mustard, methylmethanesulfonate, and mitomycin C--were administered to rats that had been prelabeled with 3H-thymidine. The DNA of crypt and villus of the jejunum and crypt and surface cells of the large bowel were analyzed by ultracentrifugation on an alkaline sucrose gradient. All fractions suffered degradation to such an extent that essentially no undamaged DNA was detectable. This was followed by repair and an increase in size. However, in the surface cells of the colon of animals that had received a carcinogenic insult there was far less rapid repair. Since this is the site where tumors would ultimately arise these data are supportive of the hypothesis that there is a relationship between decreased repair and carcinogenicity. In view of the age related incidence of colon cancer, repair in older animals was evaluated and was found to be less than that seen in the young. Since multiple treatment with the carcinogen dimethylhydrazine is required and there is a long latent period, the effect of this treatment on repair potential was evaluated. Similar to what was seen in the older animals, these treated rats had greatly reduced capacity to repair DNA. All these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that decreased repair of DNA alterations is a concomitant of carcinogenesis.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:In vivo repair of rat intestinal DNA damage by alkylating agents. 121 55

Fifty-eight patients with Dukes' C classification of carcinoma of the large bowel were placed on adjuvant immuno- or chemoimmunotherapy with Bacillus calmette guerin (BCG) or combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus BCG following primary and definitive surgery, and were followed for up to 21 months. Of twenty-six patients receiving BCG alone by scarification, five have relapsed with 75% of freedom from disease estimated at 15.1 months compared with 10.1 months in a group of carefully selected historical controls who had surgery alone (p = 0.12). The survival of all patients receiving BCG alone has not reached the 75 percentile yet, and the difference from controls is currently estimated at the 18% level. The combination of 5-FU plus BCG (studied in 32 patients) may be superior to BCG alone at this time, in that it appears to more effectively protect against tumor recurrence (75 percentile not yet reached compared to control, (p = 0.08). The survival of patients on 5-FU plus BCG also appears to be improved (p = 0.09). No patients have expired compared to a 75 percentile survival of 16.6 months in the control. Serial determination of plasma CEA was crucial in the clinical follow-up of these patients. Frequent CEA detetminations have led to early detection of clinical relapse. In the elevation of CEA suggests tumor recurrence with a high degree of probability in patients with past history of cancer of the large bowel.
Cancer 1975 Dec
PMID:Adjuvant immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in colorectal cancer of the Dukes' C classification. Preliminary clinical results. 121 60

We examined whether fibroblasts from subcutaneous, colon or lung tissues of nude mice influence the invasive potential of highly metastatic human colon carcinoma KM12SM cells. Primary cultures of nude mouse fibroblasts from skin, lung and colon were established. Invasive and metastatic KM12SM cells were cultured alone or with fibroblasts. Growth and invasive properties of the KM12SM cells were evaluated as well as their production of gelatinase activity. KM12SM cells were able to grow on monolayers of all three fibroblast cultures but did not invade through skin fibroblasts. The conditioned media of KM12SM cells cocultured with skin, colon or lung fibroblasts were examined for the presence of type IV collagenase (gelatinase). KM12SM growing on plastic and on colon or lung fibroblasts produced significant levels of latent and active forms of 64 kDa type IV collagenase, whereas KM12SM cells cocultivated with nude mouse skin fibroblasts did not. In contrast, human squamous cell carcinoma A431 cells produced significant levels of collagenase type IV when cocultured with nude mouse skin fibroblasts, a tissue they invaded and completely penetrated. Incubation of KM12SM cells in serum-free medium containing recombinant human interferon-beta (fibroblast interferon) was associated with significant reduction in gelatinase activity. Since the production of type IV collagenase by human colon cancer cells is specifically inhibited by mouse skin fibroblasts but not by colon or lung fibroblasts the data suggest that organ-specific fibroblasts can influence the invasive and metastatic properties of KM12SM cells.
Differentiation 1992 Dec
PMID:Modulation of the invasive phenotype of human colon carcinoma cells by organ specific fibroblasts of nude mice. 128 73

We report on an 80-year-old female patient with a villous polyp of the bladder. We believe this lesion may correspond to an intermediate stage in the well known sequence of injury-metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma of the large intestine. Intestinal metaplasia in the bladder is a potentially malignant lesion. If villous adenomas are diagnosed early, before malignant transformation, simple excision can achieve cure.
Arch Esp Urol 1992 Dec
PMID:[Villous adenoma of urinary bladder. Report of a new case]. 129 32

A retrospective analysis of data from 69 patients treated by Hartmann's operation between 1981 and 1991 determined prognostic factors for colon continuity re-establishment and the mortality of this second intervention. The 15 patients who died during the first month after the Hartmann's operation were excluded from the study, the 54 survivors including 32 men and 22 women, mean age 68 +/- 12 years (range 19 to 87 years). The initial indication for surgery was: complicated sigmoid diverticulis (n = 26), cancer of colon (n = 14) or other site (n = 14). Colon continuity was re-established in 23 patients (42.6%), including 15 men and 8 women, mean age 60 +/- 10 years (range 38 to 78 years). In this latter group, 82.6% of the patients were under 70 years of age, indicative of a significant effect of age (p < 0.001) on re-establishment of continuity. Secondary anastomosis was obtained in 65.4% of cases of complicated sigmoid diverticulitis, whereas re-establishment of continuity was possible in only 7.1% of colon cancer patients (p < 0.001). The mean duration prior to re-establishment was 4.8 +/- 1.6 months (range 2.5 to 9 months). Morbidity was high (47.8%) and mortality 4.3% (1 patient). Hartmann's operation remains indicated for stages III and IV of complicated sigmoid diverticulosis, as well as for other benign affections (volvulus of sigmoid, perforation of sigmoid following injury), although it must be recognized that the possibilities of re-establishment are limited more in elderly patients and that fewer patients with colon cancer can benefit from the procedure. A period of 3 to 4 months appears sufficient to allow healing of the inflammatory phenomena of the initial operation, without the development of excessive retraction of the rectal stump.
J Chir (Paris) 1992 Dec
PMID:[Restoration of colonic continuity after Hartmann's operation]. 129 66

Low fecal weight and slow bowel transit time are thought to be associated with bowel cancer risk, but few published data defining bowel habits in different communities exist. Therefore, data on stool weight were collected from 20 populations in 12 countries to define this risk more accurately, and the relationship between stool weight and dietary intake of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) (dietary fiber) was quantified. In 220 healthy U.K. adults undertaking careful fecal collections, median daily stool weight was 106 g/day (men, 104 g/day; women, 99 g/day; P = 0.02) and whole-gut transit time was 60 hours (men, 55 hours; women, 72 hours; P = 0.05); 17% of women, but only 1% of men, passed < 50 g stool/day. Data from other populations of the world show average stool weight to vary from 72 to 470 g/day and to be inversely related to colon cancer risk (r = -0.78). Meta-analysis of 11 studies in which daily fecal weight was measured accurately in 26 groups of people (n = 206) on controlled diets of known NSP content shows a significant correlation between fiber intake and mean daily stool weight (r = 0.84). Stool weight in many Westernized populations is low (80-120 g/day), and this is associated with increased colon cancer risk. Fecal output is increased by dietary NSP. Diets characterized by high NSP intake (approximately 18 g/day) are associated with stool weights of 150 g/day and should reduce the risk of bowel cancer.
Gastroenterology 1992 Dec
PMID:Fecal weight, colon cancer risk, and dietary intake of nonstarch polysaccharides (dietary fiber) 133 30

Like calcium, vitamin D may protect against colorectal neoplasia as it reduces epithelial cell proliferation and induces differentiation. Although its therapeutic use is limited by its effects on calcium metabolism, analogues such as calcipotriol produce little hypercalcaemia. Stathmokinetic and immunohistochemical techniques were used to study the effect of 1,25 (OH)2 D3 and its analogues on cell proliferation in human rectal mucosa and a colon cancer cell line. Paired sigmoidoscopic biopsy specimens were obtained from 17 control patients and five patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Explants were established in organ culture, with or without the addition of vitamin D. Proliferation was assessed using (1) metaphase arrest to determine the crypt cell production rate (CCPR) and (2) Ki-67 monoclonal antibody directed against an antigen present in proliferating cells. 1,25 (OH)2 D3 in concentrations of 1 microM-100 pM (10(-6)-10(-10) M) reduced the CCPR (cells/crypt/hour) from 4.74 to 2.15-2.67 (p < 0.001), and the Ki-67 labelling index from 7.28-3.74 (p < 0.01). Likewise, vitamin D2, 10 nM (10(-8) M) reduced the CCPR from 4.74-2.74 (p < 0.05) and calcipotriol from 4.86-2.38 (p < 0.05). In familial adenomatous polyposis patients 1,25 (OH)2 D3 100 pM (10(-10) M) halved the CCPR from 8.75-4.22. Calcipotriol (10(-5) M to 10(-9) M) produced a clearcut dose response inhibition of HT-29 cell growth. Thus, vitamin D and its metabolites inhibit proliferation in normal and premalignant rectal epithelium and suppress growth in a colorectal cancer cell line.
Gut 1992 Dec
PMID:Vitamin D and its metabolites inhibit cell proliferation in human rectal mucosa and a colon cancer cell line. 133 58

Several studies have demonstrated that certain essential fatty acids present a specific cytotoxicity for tumor cells. However, no investigation of this type has been performed on human colon cancer cells to date. This study investigated the effect of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and prostaglandin (PG) E1 on the proliferation and metabolism of three human colon cancer cell lines: HT 29, HRT 18, and CACO 2. GLA, EPA and PGE1 all inhibited the proliferation of the three cell lines, but with a decreasing gradient of sensitivity: HRT 18 > HT 29 > CACO 2, and with different IC50 values. PGE1 was markedly less effective than the other two. GLA and EPA increased lipid peroxidation and membrane fluidity in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of indomethacin did not modify the effects of GLA and EPA. In addition, PGE1 had little effect on membrane fluidity and lipid peroxidation. The antitumoral effect thus does not appear to be mediated by PGE1. Addition of vitamin E decreased the effects of GLA and EPA, which supports the hypothesis of direct action by these fatty acids. In conclusion, while EPA and GLA have an antitumoral effect in vitro, their effect on primary cultures of normal human colon cells must be investigated to determine whether this effect is specific to tumoral cells, as has been observed for other cell types.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1992 Dec
PMID:Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid, gamma-linolenic acid and prostaglandin E1 on three human colon carcinoma cell lines. 133 9

Colorectal cancer incidence in the LSS sample during 1950-80 was investigated. A total of 730 incidence cases of colorectal cancer were confirmed from a variety of sources. Sixty-two percent of the cancers were microscopically verified and 12% were ascertained through death certificate only. The risk of colon cancer increased significantly with intestinal dose, but no definite increase of risk was observed for rectal cancer. Relative risk at 1 Sv and excess risk per 10(4) PY-Sv for colon cancer are 1.80 (90% confidence internal 1.37-2.36) and 0.36 (90% confidence interval 0.06-0.77) respectively. City and sex did not significantly modify the dose-response of colon cancer, but the risk decreased with age at the time of bombings (ATB). The relative risk of colon cancer does not vary substantially over time following exposure. A non-linear dose response did not significantly improve the fit. Further, the anatomic location of the tumors indicate that the cecum and ascending, transverse and descending, and sigmoid colon seem equally sensitive to radiation. No difference in the distribution of tumor histological types could be observed by radiation dose.
J Radiat Res 1992 Dec
PMID:Colorectal cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors, 1950-80. 133 9


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