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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on the carcinogenicity in rats of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was investigated. AFB1 was administered by gastric intubation to male F344 rats at 25 micrograms/kg body wt three times a week such that a total dose of 1.5 mg/kg (0.48 mmol/kg) body wt was given over a period of 20 weeks and diets containing either 1000 or 6000 p.p.m. BHA or BHT were fed starting one more week before carcinogen, during administration and for one week after cessation. Animals were killed during exposure and at intervals up to 24 weeks after cessation. Liver altered foci and neoplasms were quantified using the exclusion of cellular iron after iron-loading and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reaction, as well as conventional staining for identification. Exposure to AFB1 alone induced substantial numbers of altered foci after 20 weeks, and at 24 weeks after cessation of exposure, the incidence of hepatocellular neoplasms was 63%. In the groups receiving BHA or BHT together with AFB1, the numbers of altered foci were decreased at all time points and at termination, the final incidence of liver cell neoplasms and number of neoplasms per animal were also reduced in a dose-related manner. Neoplasms in other organs were rare and were not affected by antioxidant treatment, except for a possible reduction of colon cancer. Thus, BHA and BHT inhibited the hepatocarcinogenesis of concurrently administered AFB1 without shifting the organotropism.
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PMID:Dose-related inhibition of aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis by the phenolic antioxidants, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene. 287 75

A diverse number of hematologic abnormalities may occur in association with gastrointestinal disease. For example, deficiencies of iron, folate, and vitamin B12 often accompany and may be the first clue to diseases such as colon cancer, celiac sprue, and chronic gastritis, respectively. A compilation of the hematologic disorders associated with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas is provided.
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PMID:Hematologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. 330 21

Transferrin is an iron-carrying compound that stimulates cell growth and division by binding to specific receptors (TR) which are preferentially expressed by actively growing cells or by the malignant counterpart of normal cells. However, quiescent cells may not necessarily cease expressing TR. We evaluated TR expression by flow cytometric analysis utilizing a monoclonal antibody (OKT-9) specific for TR on six established human colon cancer cell lines with distinct degrees of phenotypic differentiation and growth rates at sequential stages of in vitro growth (exponential and stationary phase). There were no significant differences in the proportion of cells expressing TR among the fast and slow growing cell lines at any time point of the study, nor did the cultures change the proportion of TR positive cells in their transit from exponential into stationary phase of growth. Hence, direct measurements of TR expression in malignant cell populations may not provide a useful clinical marker to distinguish highly proliferative tumors from those with a slower growth resulting from a larger proportion of quiescent cells.
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PMID:Expression of transferrin receptors is unrelated to proliferative status in cultured human colon cancer cells. 359 25

It is now recognized that screening for fecal occult blood is useful to alert the clinician to possible colon cancer in an early stage. The guaiac impregnated card is not widely used because patients must maintain strict diets omitting red meat, peroxidase-containing foods, iron supplements, and ascorbic acid. The Hemo-matic Analyzer uses a special filter to adsorb fecal Hb which is then automatically washed free of interfering substances and quantitatively identified. The filter electrostatically binds Hb and not pepsinized blood or substances that interfere with occult blood testing. We evaluated the sensitivity of this device and compared it to the Hemoccult II test in vivo and in vitro. It was approximately six times more sensitive than Hemoccult II and was not influenced by the presence of ascorbic acid, plant peroxidase, or ingestion of a large quantity of rare red meat. In addition, the samples remained positive more than 10 wk after preparation. The Hemo-matic Analyzer is a useful new device that offers many advantages over Hemoccult card testing for screening for colon cancer.
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PMID:The Hemo-matic Analyzer: a new occult blood testing device. 669 84

Gastrointestinal bleeding is believed to cause iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The information concerning ideal evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract and exact findings in patients with IDA is scant. The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate patients with IDA for gastrointestinal lesions potentially causing IDA at a US Army Teaching Medical Center with Gastroenterology Fellowship. Seventy patients with IDA had esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy, and if this evaluation was unremarkable, then small bowel biopsy was obtained at EGD to evaluate for celiac disease. Enteroclysis was done if endoscopic evaluation was negative. At endoscopy, at least one lesion potentially accounted for the IDA in 50 (71%) patients. At colonoscopy, 21 (30%) patients had 22 lesions (four colon cancer, seven adenoma > 1 cm, six vascular malformation, four severely bleeding hemorrhoids, one ileal Crohn's); at EGD, 39 (56%) patients had 43 lesions (11 gastric erosion, 10 esophagitis, four vascular malformation, four celiac disease, three gastric cancer, three gastric ulcer, three duodenal ulcer, two gastric polyp > 1 cm, one duodenal lymphoma, one esophageal cancer, and one duodenal Crohn's). Twelve (17%) patients had both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract lesions. Twenty-four of 32 (75%) patients with positive fecal occult blood test had potentially bleeding lesions compared to 24 of 38 (63%) patients with negative fecal occult blood test (P > 0.05). Six of nine patients with malignancy had positive fecal occult blood test. Twenty patients with normal endoscopy and small bowel biopsy had normal enteroclysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prospective evaluation of gastrointestinal tract in patients with iron-deficiency anemia. 778 48

A population-based case-control study including 726 patients with colon cancer, 575 with rectum cancer, and 1400 population controls matched on age (+/- 5 yrs.) and sex was carried out to evaluate the association of ten inorganic elements, including potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, phosphorus and selenium, and other dietary factors with colorectal cancer. Single variable analysis adjusted for age and sex showed most of the ten elements, except sodium and selenium, may reduce the risk of the development of colorectal cancer. Correlation analysis indicated these eight elements correlated closely to the "vegetable factors", e.g., dietary fibre, and so on, since the major sources (about 80%) of these elements were from vegetables. Multi-variable logistic regression analysis showed nine elements (except sodium) may confound the effects of some dietary factors (such as dietary fibre and vitamin C) on the occurrence of colorectal cancer and only contribute to it. The results showed a close association between saturated fatty acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, dietary fibre, vitamins C and E, and colorectal cancer.
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PMID:[Relationship between colorectal cancer and ten inorganic elements]. 813 59

A Jehovah's Witness presented with colon cancer and profound anemia. On admission, her hemoglobin level was 30 g/L (3.0 g/dL). She refused all transfusions and failed to respond to oral iron therapy. She was ultimately prepared for surgery using recombinant human erythropoietin, iron dextran, and total parenteral nutrition. It took nearly 1 month to increase her hemoglobin level to an acceptable preoperative level of 110 g/L (11.0 g/dL). During the postoperative period, erythropoietin and parenteral iron therapy were briefly continued and a follow-up hemoglobin level of greater than 120 g/L (12.0 g/dL) was observed. Recombinant human erythropoietin, along with parenteral iron and adequate nutrition, may be useful in patients who refuse transfusion or cannot be transfused because of difficult cross-reacting antibodies.
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PMID:Use of erythropoietin and parenteral iron dextran in a severely anemic Jehovah's Witness with colon cancer. 821 78

Neovascularization and hemorrhage are common features of malignant tumors. We wondered whether hemoglobin derived from extravasated RBC deposits heme-derived iron into the tumor, which could modulate the sensitivity of cancer cells to oxidant-mediated injury. A brief exposure (1 h) of 51Cr-radiolabeled breast cancer cells (BT-20) but not colon cancer cells (Caco-2) to hemin (10 microM) or FeSO4 (10 microM) significantly enhances cytotoxicity mediated by 0.5 mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Associated with Caco-2 resistance, these cells were found to be enriched in the endogenous iron chelator, ferritin. If cellular ferritin is even further increased through 1 h incubation (24 h prior to H2O2 exposure) of both cell types with hemin, FeSO4, or exogenous spleen apoferritin itself (24 h), marked resistance to H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity is manifest. Under several conditions, the sensitivity of tumor cells to oxidant-mediated lysis is inversely proportional to their ferritin content. Pretreatment of BT-20 and Caco-2 cells with hemin or FeSO4 rapidly increases H-ferritin mRNA but only slightly increases L-ferritin mRNA; nevertheless, large increases in overall ferritin content of iron-exposed cells result. Data analogous to those with H2O2-mediated cytotoxicity were obtained in studies of bleomycin-engendered DNA strand breakage and cell damage, i.e., brief treatment of BT-20 cells with both hemin or FeSO4 significantly increases their sensitivity to bleomycin (100 micrograms/ml), whereas treatment followed by 24 h incubation with media alone significantly protects against bleomycin toxicity. We speculate that acute exposure of tumors to iron (e.g., derived from heme-proteins in hemorrhagic cancerous lesions) may increase sensitivity of some cancer cells, particularly those relatively low in endogenous ferritin, to oxidant-mediated lysis. In contrast, repeated, more chronic, exposure effector cells or chemotherapeutic agents, an effect derived from their increased synthesis and accumulation of the intracellular iron scavenger, ferritin.
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PMID:Tumor cell heme uptake induces ferritin synthesis resulting in altered oxidant sensitivity: possible role in chemotherapy efficacy. 822 66

In this report, we present and discuss the signal intensity of brain metastases from colon cancer on both T1- and T2-weighted images. In five of 6 cases, metastases were seen as markedly hypointense areas on T2-weighted images. This finding should alert one to the possibility of a primary cancer of the colon. Some haemorrhagic metastases from other malignancies also showed marked hypointensity. They usually exhibited hyperintensity on T1-weighted images. A case of colon metastasis was also haemorrhagic, and in this case a hyperintense area was observed on T1-weighted images. The marked hypointense area corresponded to peripheral necrosis and probably some viable tumour. Aetiologically, such hypointensity was not induced by severe fibrosis, calcification or excessive iron deposition.
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PMID:Signal intensity of brain metastases on T2-weighted images: specificity for metastases from colonic cancers. 827 66

Phytic acid (PA), a major phosphorus storage compound of most seeds and cereal grains, contributes about 1 to 7% of their dry weight. It may account for more than 70% of the total kernel phosphorus. PA has the strong ability to chelate multivalent metal ions, especially zinc, calcium, and iron. The binding can result in very insoluble salts that are poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, which results in poor bioavailability (BV) of minerals. Alternatively, the ability of PA to chelate minerals has been reported to have some protective effects, such as decreasing iron-mediated colon cancer risk and lowering serum cholesterol and triglycerides in experimental animals. Data from human studies are still lacking. PA is also considered to be a natural antioxidant and is suggested to have potential functions of reducing lipid peroxidation and as a preservative in foods. Finally, certain inositol phosphates, which may be derived from PA, have been noted to have a function in second messenger transduction systems. The potential nutritional significance of PA is discussed in this review.
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PMID:Phytic acid in health and disease. 877 15


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