Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To date, only around 300 cases of metastasis to the penis have been reported and the primary cancer has been generally found in genitourinary structures. However, exceptional cases in which the primary site has been situated in organs like esophagus, pancreas, stomach have been published. We report an uncommon case in which the primary tumor was located in the cecum. To our knowledge, this is the first case of penile metastasis in which the responsible tumor was located in the cecum and in which the mode of metastasis was not direct invasion. As the tumor was restricted to the colon wall without invasion to neighbouring structures, and because colon cancer follows mainly the lymph-vascular route to its dissemination, this route is the most likely mode of the spread. By magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on penile shaft, multiple nodules were clearly visualized. Nevertheless, as in most cases, in spite of the availability of advanced and precise diagnostic methods, the information was of little value for the patient. His survival was short.
 ...
PMID:Penile metastasis secondary to cecum carcinoma: a case report. 984 Jan 11

A 55 year-old man was admitted with massive ascites. Although the laboratory data on admission were compatible with hepatic cirrhosis and remarkable esophageal varices were observed during endoscopy, the imaging findings such as computed tomography and ultrasonographic examination did not confirm hepatic cirrhosis. The patient had no history of alcohol abuse, blood transfusions or acute hepatitis. Serological markers related to viral and autoimmune hepatitis were all negative. Seven years ago, the patient had undergone an operation for colon cancer and has been taking tegafur since then for a total of 55 months. Tegafur was suspected as the causative agent for the liver dysfunction of this patient and the administration of tegafur was stopped. His laboratory data improved gradually and the ascites vanished. The first liver biopsy performed 6 months after discontinuation of tegafur still revealed chronic active hepatitis. However, at the liver biopsy performed 18 months after withdrawal of tegafur, inflammatory activity had subsided and the third liver biopsy, performed 34 months thereafter, revealed further improvement of the pathological changes that had occurred in the liver. We therefore conclude that the administration of tegafur may have caused chronic active liver injury with portal hypertension manifested as ascites and esophageal varices.
 ...
PMID:Chronic liver failure induced by long-term administration of tegafur: a case report. 995 26

It has become clear that several polymorphisms of human drug-metabolizing enzymes influence an individual's susceptibility for chemical carcinogenesis. This review gives an overview on relevant polymorphisms of four families of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Rapid acetylators (with respect to N-acetyltransferase NAT2) were shown to have an increased risk of colon cancer, but a decreased risk of bladder cancer. In addition an association between a NAT1 variant allele (NAT*10, due to mutations in the polyadenylation site causing approximately two fold higher activity) and colorectal cancer among NAT2 rapid acetylators was observed, suggesting a possible interaction between NAT1 and NAT2. Glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) are polymorphic due to large deletions in the structural gene. Meta-analysis of 12 case-control studies demonstrated a significant association between the homozygous deletion of GSTM1 (GSTM1-0) and lung cancer (odds ratio: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.23-1.61). Combination of GSTM1-0 with two allelic variants of cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), CYP1A1 m2/m2 and CYP1A1 Val/Val further increases the risk for lung cancer. Indirect mechanisms by which deletion of GSTM1 increases risk for lung cancer may include GSTM1-0 associated decreased expression of GST M3 and increased activity of CYP1A1 and 1A2. Combination of GST M1-0 and NAT2 slow acetylation was associated with markedly increased risk for lung cancer (odds ratio: 7.8; 95% CI: 1.4-78.7). In addition GSTM1-0 is clearly associated with bladder cancer and possibly also with colorectal, hepatocellular, gastric, esophageal (interaction with CYP1A1), head and neck as well as cutaneous cancer. In individuals with the GSTT1-0 genotype more chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were observed after exposure to 1,3-butadiene or various haloalkanes or haloalkenes. Evidence for an association between GSTT1-0 and myelodysplastic syndrome and acute lymphoblastic leukemia has been presented. A polymorphic site of GSTP1 (valine to isoleucine at codon 104) decreases activity to several carcinogenic diol epoxides and was associated with testicular, bladder and lung cancer. Microsomal expoxide hydrolase (mEH) is polymorphic due to amino acid variation at residues 113 and 139. Polymorphic variants of mEH were associated with hepatocellular cancer (His-113 allele), ovarian cancer (Tyr-113 allele) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (His-113 allele). Three human sulfotransferases (STs) are regulated by genetic polymorphisms (hDHEAST, hM-PST, TS PST). Since a large number of environmental mutagens are activated by STs an association with human cancer risk might be expected.
 ...
PMID:Polymorphisms of N-acetyltransferases, glutathione S-transferases, microsomal epoxide hydrolase and sulfotransferases: influence on cancer susceptibility. 1002 93

The role of radiotherapy in locally advanced or recurrent colon cancer has not yet been determined. A 59-year-old man undergoing curative resection for advanced descending colon cancer had pelvic lymph node metastasis detected by computed tomography 5 months postoperatively. Intravenous chemotherapy using 5-fluorouracil and CDDP was repeated bimonthly for 7 months; however, his condition deteriorated progressively. External beam radiotherapy (50 Gy) was started thereafter. His serum carcinoembryonic antigen level decreased promptly and abdominal computed tomography showed apparent shrinkage of the metastatic pelvic node with calcification. The patient maintained a partial response for at least 12 months. Radiotherapy has a more crucial role in the treatment of a subgroup of recurrent colorectal tumors.
 ...
PMID:External beam radiotherapy for pelvic node recurrence after curative resection of colon cancer: report of a case. 1034 49

We examined polymorphisms in exons 3 and 4 of microsomal epoxide hydrolase in 101 patients with colon cancer and compared the results with 203 control samples. The frequency of the exon 3 T to C mutation was higher in cancer patients than in controls (odds ratio 3.8; 95% confidence intervals 1.8-8.0). This sequence alteration changes tyrosine residue 113 to histidine and is associated with lower enzyme activity when expressed in vitro. This suggests that putative slow epoxide hydrolase activity may be a risk factor for colon cancer. This appears to be true for both right- and left-sided tumours, but was more apparent for tumours arising distally (odds ratio 4.1; 95% confidence limits 1.9-9.2). By contrast, there was no difference in prevalence of exon 4 A to G transition mutation in cancer vs controls. This mutation changes histidine residue 139 to arginine and produces increased enzyme activity. There was no association between epoxide hydrolase genotype and abnormalities of p53 or Ki-Ras.
 ...
PMID:Microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene polymorphism and susceptibility to colon cancer. 1040 10

We performed dual (two-color) fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using direct fluorescent labeling probes for p53 and chromosome 17 in six gastrointestinal (3 stomach and 3 colon) cancers. In three of these (1 stomach and 2 colon) the interphase cell nuclei showed an imbalance of signals for the p53 and chromosome 17; that is, the p53 signal count was lower than the chromosome 17 signal count, indicating deletion of the p53 gene. Moreover, metaphase FISH analysis demonstrated that those nuclei actually had a chromosome 17 with deletion of the p53 gene. Interestingly, these three cases had an abnormal chromosome 17 copy number, that is, chromosome 17 aneusomy. Furthermore, to investigate the possibility of p53 mutation in tumors with an imbalance of signals for chromosome 17 and p53 per nucleus, we performed a GeneChip p53 assay which has recently been developed. GeneChip p53 assay demonstrated that a primary tumor sample from one colon cancer case had a heterozygous point mutation of CGT (Arg) to CAT (His) at codon 273 in exon 8. In addition, a sample of metastatic tumor in the liver from the same case revealed two heterozygous point mutations. One of them was the same mutation as that is the primary tumor; the other was GTG (Val) to GGG (Gly) at codon 217 in exon 6. In conclusion, we found that the combination of dual-color FISH and GeneChip p53 assay offered reliable results and important information concerning not only deletion of the p53 gene and chromosome 17 aneusomy but also p53 mutations. Using these techniques, we demonstrated that an imbalance of signals for chromosome 17 and p53 per nucleus, chromosome 17 aneusomy, and accumulation of p53 mutations had occurred during carcinogenesis and development of gastrointestinal cancers.
 ...
PMID:Detection of aberrations of 17p and p53 gene in gastrointestinal cancers by dual (two-color) fluorescence in situ hybridization and GeneChip p53 assay. 1095 39

Previous studies have shown that the repressive effect of thymidylate synthase (TS) mRNA translation is mediated by direct binding of TS itself to two cis-acting elements on its cognate mRNA. To identify the optimal RNA nucleotides that interact with TS, we in vitro synthesized a completely degenerate, linear RNA pool of 25 nt and employed in vitro selection to isolate high affinity RNA ligands that bind human TS protein. After 10 rounds of selection and amplification, a single RNA molecule was selected that bound TS protein with nearly 20-fold greater affinity than native, wild-type TS RNA sequences. Secondary structure analysis of this RNA sequence predicted it to possess a stem-loop structure. Deletion and/or modification of the UGU loop element within the RNA sequence decreased binding to TS by up to 1000-fold. In vivo transfection experiments revealed that the presence of the selected RNA sequence resulted in a significant increase in the expression of a heterologous luciferase reporter construct in human colon cancer H630 and TS-overexpressing HCT-C:His-TS+ cells, but not in HCT-C18 cells expressing a functionally inactive TS. In addition, the presence of this element in H630 cells leads to induced expression of TS protein. An immunoprecipitation method using RT-PCR confirmed a direct interaction between human TS protein and the selected RNA sequence in transfected human cancer H630 cells. This study identified a novel RNA sequence from a degenerate RNA library that specifically interacts with TS.
 ...
PMID:In vitro selection of an RNA sequence that interacts with high affinity with thymidylate synthase. 1105 26

A 46-year-old adult who underwent a sigmoidectomy for sigmoid colon cancer at the age of 44 was found to have a liver tumor 2 years after the first operation. His CEA was elevated to 158.8 ng/ml. An abdominal CT showed a huge mass of 10 x 7 x 7 cm in the anterior segment of right lobe of the liver invading into segment 4 and 7, which compressed the left hepatic vein and the umbilical portion of the portal vein. We diagnosed an unresectable liver metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer. Intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU was started on a weekly schedule and oral UFT was added as pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy 4 weeks after the initial chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was continued for 13 weeks and the tumor shrunk up to 64%. An extended right hepatectomy was performed. Pathological examination showed residual cancer cells in the central part of the tumor, but fibrous degeneration and calcification were observed in the surrounding area and considered to be the effect of chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[A successful case of preoperative intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of high-dose 5-FU and pharmacokinetic modulating chemotherapy against unresectable liver metastasis of colon cancer]. 1108 23

The p21(WAF1)induces cell cycle arrest at G(1)and its expression is regulated by the functional p53. TNF-alpha induced expression of p21(WAF1)at protein and mRNA levels in a dose-dependent fashion with an association with G(1)-arrest in human colon cancer cells WiDr that carry mutated p53 at codon 273 (His(273)). However, TNF-alpha did not affect the levels of the Bax protein, which also has p53-binding sites on its promoter and causes apoptosis. Further experiments suggested that cycloheximide (CHX), a protein synthesis inhibitor, increased the levels of p21(WAF1)mRNA and the induction of p21(WAF1)mRNA by TNF-alpha did not require new protein synthesis. Co-transfection of the p53 His(273)expression construct with a luciferase gene controlled by the p21(WAF1)promoter showed that the p53 His(273)was inactive, although TNF-alpha increased the transcriptional rate of p21(WAF1)in these cells. Further study found that TNF-alpha markedly stabilized the p21(WAF1)protein. These findings suggest that TNF-alpha induces expression of p21(WAF1)through a distinct pathway from Bax and that protein stabilization is an important mechanism in the expression of p21(WAF1)independent of p53.
 ...
PMID:TNF-alpha induced p21(WAF1) but not Bax in colon cancer cells WiDr with mutated p53: important role of protein stabilization. 1109 43

The feasibility of dendritic cells (DC) for cancer immunotherapy after transfection by electroporation with mRNA encoding the human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was investigated. Both, total RNA from the CEA(+) colon cancer cell line SW480 and mRNA transcribed in vitro from cDNA3.1-plasmids (pcDNA3.1+/-HisC) with a CEA-insert (ivt-CEA-mRNA, ivt-CEA/HisC-mRNA) were used. Labelled ivt-CEA-mRNA was detectable in DC by light and electron microscopy and by fluorescence-activated cell-sorting (FACS) even 15 min after electroporation. Four hours after transfection with ivt-CEA/HisC-mRNA, we detected specific expression of CEA and the histidine-tag by immunofluorescence microscopy and by FACS. CEA-specific T lymphocytes were successfully primed by transfected DC and were able to lyse CEA-expressing target cells, even from the CEA-expressing human colon adenocarcinoma cell line SW480. Thus, DC transfected by electroporation with CEA-mRNA are valuable tools for the immunotherapy of CEA(+) tumour entities.
 ...
PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) presentation and specific T cell-priming by human dendritic cells transfected with CEA-mRNA. 1175 Aug 49


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>