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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Temporal and spatial changes of lipid peroxides in a cultured colon cancer cell line, Colo-205 cells, were investigated after culturing with Kupffer cells by using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and a digital imaging processor equipped with an inverted microscope. By this method, we successfully visualized the alteration of lipid peroxides in the individual cancer cell. Without any prior activation, Kupffer cells isolated from an intact rat liver caused rapid increase in the intensity of dichlorofluorescein in tumor cells in a time-dependent manner. The increase of the fluorescent intensity was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with superoxide dismutase. In ex vivo study using isolated perfused rat liver, dichlorofluorescein-preloaded cancer cells, which were transportally injected, were found to adhere to hepatic sinusoids and then to enhance their fluorescence. The present study suggested that the resident Kupffer cell-derived oxidative stress participates in the cytotoxic process against cancer cells by inducing intracellular lipid peroxidation. It may be sustained that Kupffer cells play a role in the host defence mechanisms against the liver metastasis of colon cancer cells.
Cancer Lett 1991 Sep
PMID:Kupffer cell-mediated oxidative stress on colon cancer cell line visualized by digital imaging fluorescence microscopy. 191 16

Colonoscopy has been advocated by some investigators as the most appropriate means of screening asymptomatic patients with a positive family history of colorectal cancer. However, results of such screening have been widely disparate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the yield of colonoscopy in a cohort of completely asymptomatic individuals with one or two first-degree relatives with a history of colorectal cancer and to compare this yield with that of colonoscopy in a group of patients with apparent anal bleeding. Patients with possible genetic disorders, such as familial polyposis, were excluded. A total of 160 asymptomatic patients and a comparison group of 137 patients with nonacute anorectal bleeding underwent colonoscopy. Colonoscopy was completed in 143 of the 160 study patients (89 percent) and in all of the comparison patients and did not result in any complications. Twenty-two adenomas were found in 17 study patients (10.6 percent); 16 of the 22 adenomas were less than 1 cm in size. In the comparison group, eight adenomas were identified (5.8 percent of patients). No cancers were identified. The difference in polyp frequency between groups was not significant. The relatively low yield of colorectal neoplasms discovered at colonoscopy in this study may in part be due to the small sample size or to the strict criteria used to define these asymptomatic patients but does not lend strong support to the notion that colonoscopy is an appropriate first step in screening the asymptomatic patient with one or two first-degree relatives with colon cancer.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Is colonoscopic screening appropriate in asymptomatic patients with family history of colon cancer? 191 41

Dexon Mesh (Davis & Geck, Sugarland, TX) was used to partition the abdomen after incomplete resection of a locally advanced left colon cancer. Following surgery, external beam radiotherapy was delivered to the left flank without the risk of radiation enteritis. The technique of abdominal partitioning using Dexon Mesh is described.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:Use of Dexon Mesh for abdominal partitioning above the peritoneal reflection. 191 52

The prognostic significance of nuclear DNA ploidy patterns and the S-phase fraction (labeling index; IL) were evaluated in 365 gastrointestinal tumors, and in 62 of them a combined analysis of DNA ploidy and the SPF was performed. For accurate evaluation, we used fresh frozen specimens, and we classified the ploidy pattern into 6 types; 1. diploid, 2. DS (diploid + high LI), 3. Notch, 4. Shoulder, 5. Tetraploid and 6. Aneuploid. Type 1 or type 2 tumors were classified as diploid, and the others were classified as aneuploid. In 103 cases of gastric cancer and 101 colon cancers due to the short observation period, but in 46 patients with operable primary liver cancer, a significant difference was observed. A high average of LI was detected in colon cancer (approximately 13%), but no relationship between LI and the ploidy pattern was found. This indicates that the LI may become an independent prognostic factor, and that the combined assay of DNA ploidy and the LI may offer a more precise evaluation of the malignant potential of gastrointestinal tumors.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[DNA ploidy and the S-phase fraction and their prognostic significance in gastrointestinal tumors]. 194 60

Some factors relating to the increasing prevalence of postoperative infections after gastroenterological surgery were investigated from the standpoint of both patients profile and isolated bacteria. Data were collected from 542 cancer patients comprising 39 with esophagus cancer, 229 with gastric cancer, 149 with hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer and 125 with colon cancer. Respiratory infections after operations were most frequently caused by aging, disturbance of glucose tolerance and respiratory dysfunction, whereas with intraabdominal abscess the major factors were disturbance of glucose tolerance, hepatic dysfunction and respiratory dysfunction in this order. Two factors in the management of patients during operation were singled out as mainly contributing to infection: these were prolonged operative time as in the case of esophagus cancer or hepato-biliary tract and pancreatic cancer, and massive intraoperative bleeding as in hepato-biliary tract, pancreatic and gastric cancer. As isolated bacteria, the most frequent clinical isolates were MRSA, Enterococcus, P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter, and it is noteworthy that all of these were strongly resistant to all antimicrobial agents. The greater emphasis on prevention control of postoperative infections, therefore, should be focussed on aging, preoperative risk factors, surgical stress and the kinds of antimicrobial agents administered.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1991 Sep
PMID:[Factors relating to postoperative infections in cancer patients]. 194 4

The expression of MDR1 gene was investigated in human solid tumors with respect to adriamycin resistance. Forty fresh human surgical specimens were analyzed by RNA dot blot assay for their expression of the human MDR1 gene and by immunohistological staining using a monoclonal antibody against P-glycoprotein (MDR1 gene product). The MDR1 mRNA level was increased in 11 cases of 40 cancer patients, including three rectal cancers, two breast cancers, two gastric cancers, one colon cancer, one renal cell carcinoma, one gall bladder cancer and one malignant lymphoma of stomach. However, considerable variation of the MDR1 mRNA level was noted among cancers of a specific type. Immunohistochemical studies with the monoclonal antibody were shown to be positive in 18 tumors. In all tumors tested, the MDR1 mRNA level and the immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant correlation. However, two of five tumors which resisted adriamycin treatment were found to be negative in MDR1 transcript, but positive in immunohistological analysis. These results indicate that immunohistochemical analysis would be more sensitive for detecting P-glycoprotein-expression, and that resistance to adriamycin, being multifactorial, can be associated at least, in part with the increased amount of MDR1 gene product.
Hiroshima J Med Sci 1990 Sep
PMID:Expression of the multidrug resistance gene in human tumors. 198 Sep 15

Thirty four patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC), colon cancer (CC) biliary tract cancer (BC) and pancreatic cancer (PC) were treated with a combined chemotherapy of UFT with ADM (UFT-A), or UFT with ADM and CDDP (UFT-AC). The UFT-A regimen consisted of UFT, 600 mg/body daily. As for ADM, 10 mg/body was given intravenously from day 1-4 and repeated every two weeks. The UFT-AC regimen consisted of UFT 400-600 mg/body daily. As for ADM, 7.5 mg/m2 was given from day 7-9 and CDDP 50 mg/m2 on day 7, repeated every 3-4 weeks. Partial responses (PR) were seen in 7 cases (36.8%) (5 cases of GC, 1 case of CC and 1 case of BC) out of 19 evaluable patients (8 cases of GC, 4 cases of CC, 4 cases of BC and 3 case of PC) treated with UFT-A. Complete response in a case of CC and PR in 6 cases (47.7%) (3 cases of GC and 3 cases of BC) were observed out of 15 evaluable patients (7 cases of GC, 2 cases of CC, 4 cases of BC and 2 cases of PC) treated with UFT-AC. There was no significant difference of survival curve between the two regimens, however, the median survival of responders for both regimens is longer than non-responders with statistical significance. As for side effects, UGI symptoms were recognized in 37% of UFT-A group and in 73% of UFT-AC group. A leukopenia count of less than 2,000/mm3 appeared in 11% of UFT-A group and in 20% of UFT-AC group. Considering these results, UFT-A and UFT-AC therapy appears to be useful in cases of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer.
Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1990 Sep
PMID:[Combination chemotherapy of UFT with adriamycin (ADM) and cisplatin (CDDP) for advanced gastrointestinal cancer]. 211 36

There is conflicting evidence regarding the benefit of calcium in prevention of colon cancer. Patients who have undergone ileorectal operations for familial polyposis can be useful to study hypotheses on prevention of colon cancer. In this study we evaluated the effect of long-term calcium supplementation on risk markers of colon cancer. Thirty-one patients with familial polyposis, after subtotal colectomy, were randomized to group A, which received placebo, and group B, which received 1200 mg of calcium daily. Intervention lasted 9 months, in which they underwent four 3-monthly evaluations that included food records, fecal pH, calcium and bile acids, and rectal biopsy for thymidine labeling. Age, height, weight, macronutrients, and dietary fiber were comparable in both groups. More women were in the group that received placebo. Fecal pH, weight, and bile acid levels were similar before intervention and remained unchanged. Fecal calcium levels were similar before intervention and increased in the calcium group throughout the study (p less than 0.05). Labeling index of placebo and calcium groups was similar before intervention (4.8 and 6.1, respectively). After 3 months it was reduced in both groups (3.1 and 4.4, respectively; p less than 0.05). After 6 months it was reduced only in the calcium group (3.4; p less than 0.05). After 9 months it did not differ from the starting point (3.4 and 4.0, respectively). In a long-term intervention study with a homogenous group of patients with familial polyposis, supplemental dietary calcium did not affect mucosal risk factors for colon cancer.
Surgery 1990 Sep
PMID:Long-term effects of dietary calcium on risk markers for colon cancer in patients with familial polyposis. 216 86

Flow cytometric DNA content analysis is a rapid, quantitative method of determining the DNA ploidy status and proliferative index of a given tumor. Abnormal DNA content, or aneuploidy, has been recognized as a marker of malignancy and is present in about 70 per cent of solid tumors. In the majority of solid tumors, the consensus is that the presence of an aneuploid tumor predicts a poorer over-all survival rate and a shorter disease-free interval, indicating that patients with diploid tumors have a more favorable prognosis than those with aneuploid tumors. The prognostic implications of an abnormal DNA content, therefore, suggest either a higher risk of relapse, a worsening of survival rate or a risk for progression of disease in stages I and II carcinoma of the breast, carcinoma of the colon and rectum, superficial carcinoma of the bladder and malignant melanoma. Thus, the assessment of cellular DNA content should be regarded as an additional prognostic determinant and should play an ancillary role in the decisions regarding the management of patients with malignant disease. With the introduction of more sophisticated technology, it will be possible to simultaneously assay for DNA ploidy and cell cycle distribution in addition to a series of tumor markers, such as CEA, and various products of oncogenes, thus providing further understanding of the heterogeneity of solid tumor cells.
Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990 Sep
PMID:Flow cytometry and prognostic implications in patients with solid tumors. 220 Oct 96

The primary aim of postoperative surveillance of patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum is to detect recurrent tumor when cure is still possible. Most recurrences are detected within 30 months after the initial operation. Patients who have had carcinoma of the colon and rectum must be observed not only because of the risk of recurrence or metastatic disease but also because of the increased risk of subsequent primary carcinomas of the colon and rectum as well as of other sites. Careful history-taking and thorough physical examination provide the first indication of tumor recurrence in as many as 48 per cent of instances. Although the liver is the most common site of metastases from carcinoma of the colon, liver chemistry tests are seldom the first to indicate recurrent disease. Fecal occult blood testing, roentgenography with barium enema and colonoscopy are useful surveillance tools, not for detecting recurrences but for detecting second primary carcinomas. Imaging techniques, such as intravenous pyelography, CT and scintigraphy of liver and spleen are generally not cost-effective in surveillance, but MRI and ultrasonography have shown some promise in detection of recurrence without exposing patients to ionizing radiation. The most effective indicator of recurrent disease is a progressive increase in serial levels of CEA. When CEA levels rise and other methods of imaging cannot account for the change, second-look operation is generally appropriate.
Surg Gynecol Obstet 1990 Sep
PMID:Surveillance strategies after resection of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 220 Oct 97


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