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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Efforts to diminish the overall morbidity and mortality of malignancy have required a variety of strategies and a balanced national research agenda. The design of curative regimens against leukemia, lymphomas, testis cancer, and childhood malignancies is a tribute to the interactions between laboratory and clinical scientists. Laboratory models illustrated the importance of dose and the need for combinations to avoid the emergence of drug resistance in heterogeneous tumors. In addressing the incurability of common epithelial cancers in adults once disseminated, again laboratory models suggested that regimens which produced responses in advanced disease might be curative in patients with micro-metastases. Such proved to be the case in adjuvant therapy for breast cancer involving lymph nodes and for osteogenic sarcoma. Recent studies have extended this strategy to less advanced breast cancer and to locally advanced colon cancer. Lung cancer has required a different strategy. A coalition has developed to support the strongest possible public position against smoking. For the first time lung cancer incidence has leveled off in white males. Women and minorities continue to be a major target for smoking cessation programs. While large randomized trials are expensive (and to some scientists, unexciting), they are our most reliable means of detecting treatment differences of 10 to 15%. Because lung, breast, and colon cancer kill almost 250,000 Americans each year, such "small" differences represent thousands of Americans. There are also a number of interesting current studies that may impact in the longer term on the care of patients with cancer. Research of three different groups of investigators has recently converged. Over the past 3 decades several groups of basic laboratory investigators had been studying and cloning hematopoietic growth factors. Large randomized trials now confirm that myelosuppression after intensive chemotherapy can be substantially ameliorated, reducing infections and decreasing hospital days, risks, and costs. Another cohort of clinical pharmacologists and clinicians were studying bone marrow transplantation, developing combinations of agents that can be given at high dose to overcome resistance, albeit with considerable toxicity. Other groups in blood banks and those interested in the regulation of hematopoiesis recognized that early hematopoietic progenitor cells circulate in the peripheral blood. Their number were increased after certain chemotherapy regimens, by growth factors and most remarkably, with growth factors given after chemotherapy. Patients supported with peripheral blood progenitor cells reengraft both platelets and granulocytes more rapidly than those given marrow, in the time frame of recovery after standard doses of chemotherapy (i.e., 21 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cancer Res 1991 Sep 15
PMID:New developments in clinical oncology: the interdependence of bench and bedside. 167 75

It has been postulated that an infectious agent and/or specific sexual behaviour is involved in the aetiology of anal cancer, in analogy with the aetiology established for cancer of the cervix. A case-control study of 29,648 women with cancers registered in the Danish Cancer Registry during 1968-87 tested the hypothesis that anal cancer patients were more likely than patients with colon, stomach, or vulva cancer to have had a previous diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical cancer. The odds ratio of CIN, adjusted for age and year of diagnosis, for anal vs colon cancer was 5.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.3-8.3), that for anal vs stomach cancer 3.6 (2.1-6.0), and that for anal vs vulva cancer 1.6 (0.9-2.9). The median time from diagnosis of CIN to diagnosis of the registered cancer was 151 months for anal, 112 months for vulva, 114 months for colon, and 126 months for stomach cancer. The association with previous invasive cervical cancer was also investigated; no patient with cervical cancer in this second analysis had been included in the CIN analysis. The odds ratios were similar. In addition, anal cancer patients were significantly more likely to have had cervical cancer than were patients with vulva cancer (odds ratio 1.8 [1.0-3.9]). The strong association between anal cancer and CIN/invasive cervical cancer suggests that these cancers share common risk factors. The association is at least as strong as that between cervical and vulva cancer.
Lancet 1991 Sep 14
PMID:Aetiological parallel between anal cancer and cervical cancer. 167 74

Fluorouracil (FUra) is the most active agent in advanced colorectal carcinoma, and this activity can be enhanced by various modulating agents both in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether interferon (IFN) is capable of augmenting the cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects of FUra, combinations of FUra and IFN alpha, -beta, and -gamma were tested against 2 human colon cancer cell lines in vitro. In a clonogenic assay, IFN alpha and -beta, at concentrations that produced less than 1 log cell kill, significantly increased the cytotoxic effects of FUra in both cell lines. IFN gamma also enhanced the cytotoxic effects of FUra, but unlike IFN alpha and -beta, only at the highest concentrations tested. Median effects analysis demonstrated that all 3 IFNs exhibited synergy with FUra. Combinations of IFNs were no more effective at modulating FUra activity than single agent IFN. Flow cytometric studies indicated that these effects did not correlate with cytokinetic alterations. Only the combination of FUra and IFN beta produced cytokinetic effects different from those of FUra alone. Incubation with IFN alpha or IFN gamma for 24 h resulted in only modest cytokinetic alterations, and they did not modify the effects of FUra. These results indicate that IFN is capable of increasing the cytotoxic actions of FUra and that this is separable from any cytokinetic effects produced by the interferons.
Cancer Res 1990 Sep 15
PMID:Interaction of fluorouracil and interferon in human colon cancer cell lines: cytotoxic and cytokinetic effects. 169 99

Amphiregulin (AR) and cripto are proteins that are structurally related to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha). AR is also functionally related to this family of growth regulatory molecules and is able to bind and activate the 170-kDa EGF receptor (EGFR). Human EGFR-3 (HER3)/ERBB3 is a recently identified protein related to the EGFR that is widely expressed in breast carcinomas and is a candidate receptor for EGF-like growth factors. Differential expression of these putative ligands and receptors in transformed cells suggests that they may function in an autocrine manner to regulate tumor cell growth. Specific mRNA transcripts for TGF-alpha [4.8 kilobases (kb)], AR (1.4 kb), cripto (2.2 kb), and HER3 (6.2 kb) were expressed in a majority of human colon cancer cell lines. HER3 mRNA was detected in 55% of primary or metastatic human colorectal carcinomas but in only 22% of normal colon mucosa and 32% of normal liver samples. In contrast, cripto and AR mRNA were expressed in 60-70% of primary or metastatic human colorectal cancers but in only 2-7% of normal human colonic mucosa. Immunostaining also detected AR protein in primary and metastatic colorectal tumors but not in normal colon or uninvolved liver. These findings suggest that cripto and AR may be useful markers to discriminate between normal and malignant colonic epithelium and may provide a selective growth advantage for colorectal carcinomas.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991 Sep 01
PMID:Differential expression of epidermal growth factor-related proteins in human colorectal tumors. 171 80

From 1977 to 1984, 56 patients with colon cancer adherent to other organs were operated upon. Twenty-three (41 percent) underwent palliative treatment without resection. The mean survival in this group was 6 months. The results of en bloc resection were evaluated in 33 patients (59 percent) with colon carcinoma and tumor growth in adjacent organs. Pathologic staging was based on Dukes' (Astler and Coller) classification. Dukes' B carcinoma was shown in 15 patients. Dukes' C in 14 patients, and Dukes' D in four patients. The 4-year survival rate was as follows: Dukes' B, 47 percent; Dukes' C, 29 percent; and Dukes' D, 0 percent. The 4-year survival rate for the whole group was 33 percent. The postoperative morbidity and mortality were 6 percent and 3 percent, respectively. Colon cancer with involvement of adjacent structures should not be regarded as an incurable Dukes' D carcinoma; en bloc resection is indicated and can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.
Dis Colon Rectum 1991 Sep
PMID:En bloc resection of colon carcinoma adherent to other organs: an efficacious treatment? 171 11

A 69-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital on March 13, 1990, with a 1-month history of progressive gait disturbance. She had been operated on for colon cancer in May 1987. Examination in March 1989 revealed that she had metastatic liver tumor. On neurological examination, slight right abducens palsy, gaze-evoked horizontal nystagmus to the left, upbeat nystagmus and mild left hemiparesis were noted. Two weeks after admission, right lateral gaze palsy developed. Right MLF syndrome became apparent in the 3rd week. She was diagnosed as having one-and-a-half syndrome. Left hemi-hypesthesia and left limb ataxia were noted at that time. CT scan revealed ring-enhancing mass lesions in and around the right pontine tegmentum. Two weeks after development of the one-and-a-half syndrome, she became comatose with her eyes' conjugate deviation to the left and died on April 24, 1990. The metastatic lesions in both paramedian pontine reticular formation and medial longitudinal fasciculus were considered to be causative of her one-and-a-half syndrome. Clinical characteristics of 13 reported cases with one-and-a-half syndrome caused by brain tumor were reviewed. Half of them were caused by metastatic brain tumor.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1991 Sep
PMID:[One-and-a-half syndrome due to a brain tumor--a case report and review of the literature]. 176 50

Clinical trials with 111In labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (ZCE-025) was initiated. Five patients with colorectal cancer suspected were given an intravenous injection of 1 mg of 111In labeled ZCE-025. Planar and SPECT images were obtained 24 and 72 hours after injection. Surgical operation was performed on all patients between 7 and 10 days post injection. Of 4 primary sites, all were clearly visualized. Intrahepatic metastasis was visualized as higher activity than normal liver in one of two patients. In one patient whose imaging was negative, no residual cancer was found at surgery. Persistent accumulation of 111In in the lymph nodes was also observed in one patient. Surgical exploration of these lymph nodes showed no gross or microscopic evidence of metastases of colon cancer. No side effects were encountered, although HAMA were detected in all 5 patients by 4 weeks after the administration of ZCE-025. Immunoscintigraphy appears useful in distinguishing recurrent tumor from postoperative granuloma. Further investigation directed to the causes of 111In accumulation in tumor-free lymph nodes is required.
Kaku Igaku 1991 Sep
PMID:[Immunoscintigraphy of colorectal cancer with 111In labeled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody (ZCE-025)]. 177 Jun 58

A human colon cancer cell line Hce-8693 was heterotransplanted in nude mice. polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) showed a marked reproducible inhibition in this model. The size and weight of transplanted tumor in DFMO group were smaller than those of the control group and the average inhibition rate was 72.8% (P less than 0.001). DFMO showed higher tumor inhibitory rate than 5-Fu (35.4%) (P less than 0.001). Furthermore, DFMO demonstrated less severe bone marrow inhibition in the nude mice than 5-Fu (20.0% vs 53.2%, P less than 0.001). There was no synergistic action in these two drugs at the experimental doses. The concentration of putrescine and spermidine in the serum and tumor tissue in the DFMO group were 70% lower than those of the control group (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that the anti-tumor effect of DFMO might be explained by the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis and this study provides an experimental basis for future clinical application of DFMO.
Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1991 Sep
PMID:[Inhibition by polyamine biosynthesis inhibitor DFMO of the growth of transplanted human colon cancer in nude mice]. 178 43

Although 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) has been combined with hyperfractionated radiation therapy in clinical trials, the optimal method of delivering radiation therapy is not yet known. To determine the importance of the time interval between fractions on the survival of tumor cells exposed to FdUrd, we studied the effect of FdUrd on sublethal damage repair in HT29 human colon cancer cells in culture. Cells were exposed to clinically achievable concentrations of FdUrd (10-100 nM) for 14 hr followed by either single dose (8-12 Gy) or split dose (4-6 Gy x 2) external cobalt irradiation. The interval between radiation fractions was varied from 0.5 to 6 hr. FdUrd impaired sublethal damage repair in a dose dependent fashion. FdUrd had no effect on the induction of DNA double strand breaks (DSB's), but significantly reduced the rate of the repair of DNA DSB's. Exposure to 100 nM FdUrd decreased intracellular TTP pools but elevated dATP pools. These findings suggest that FdUrd may decrease sublethal damage repair by perturbing nucleotide triphosphate pools, which leads to a decrease in the ability of the cell to repair DNA DSB's. Furthermore, they suggest that hyperfractionated irradiation will be superior to once daily treatment when combined with regional delivery of FdUrd.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991 Sep
PMID:The effect of fluorodeoxyuridine on sublethal damage repair in human colon cancer cells. 183 63

Hawaiian Japanese men (n = 432) who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy for peptic ulcers before 1971-1975 were followed up for detection of cancer development. They showed a significant increase in colon cancer risk (P = 0.008) and lung cancer risk (P = 0.002) compared with 6161 nongastrectomized men. The association with lung cancer persisted after adjustment for cigarette use (P = 0.03). Alcohol consumption was associated with colonic cancer in this cohort, and gastrectomized men consumed more alcohol than nongastrectomized men; however, the association of gastrectomy with colon cancer persisted after adjustment for alcohol use (P = 0.02). Gastrectomized men were lighter and had lower serum lipid levels than controls, suggesting that undernutrition might favor the development of some cancers. The type of gastroenteric anastomosis did not influence the cancer risk level in the colon or lung.
Gastroenterology 1991 Sep
PMID:Cancer incidence following subtotal gastrectomy. 186 Jun 35


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