Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract was performed on 56 patients with systemic cutaneous disease that is often considered associated with internal malignancies. Found were one case of esophageal cancer, two cases of gastric cancer, and two cases of colon cancer. The prevalence of gastric and colon cancer in these patients showed a statistically significant increase compared to the general population. The rate of gastric cancer was 16.26 times higher than the general population and that of colon cancer 32.26. X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract in patients with systemic cutaneous disease is useful for detecting malignancy.
J UOEH 1992 Sep 01
PMID:[X-ray examination of the gastrointestinal tract in systemic cutaneous disease]. 141 Sep 41

It has been hypothesized that bile acids and fatty acids promote colon cancer. A proposed mechanism is a lytic effect of these surfactants on colonic epithelium, resulting in a compensatory proliferation of colonic cells. To investigate the first step of this hypothesis, we studied the lytic activity of fatty acids and physiological mixtures of fatty acids and bile acids. Experiments were performed in both erythrocytes and cultured Caco-2 cells, a model system for intestinal epithelium. Fatty acids with a chain length of 10 C atoms or more were lytic, and the hemolytic activity increased in the order C10:0 less than C18:0 less than C16:0 less than C12:0 less than C14:0 much less than C18:1 approximately C18:2 but was not dependent on their critical micellar concentration. Addition of a sublytic, submicellar concentration of cholate resulted in the formation of highly lytic mixed micelles. Lytic activity of these mixed micelles was closely associated with their micellar aggregation as determined in parallel incubations using a fluorescent micellar probe. With use of identical concentrations of fatty acids and mixed micelles, lysis of erythrocytes was highly correlated (r greater than 0.95) with lysis of Caco-2 cells measured by either release of the apical membrane-marker alkaline phosphatase or the cytosolic marker lactate dehydrogenase. This indicates that the cytolytic activity of these surfactants is not cell-type dependent. Addition of bile acids in concentrations corresponding with the total bile acid concentration in human fecal water resulted in an increased lytic activity of fatty acids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Am J Physiol 1992 Sep
PMID:Lytic effects of mixed micelles of fatty acids and bile acids. 141 45

Between January 1985 and December 1989, 583 patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum have been studied. In 85 with synchronous liver metastases discovered at laparotomy and followed-up, median survival time has been 5.8 months and 1 and 3 year survival 23 and 6 percent respectively. Favorable factors for survival were rectosigmoid location, single metastasis in the right hepatic lobe, normal values of alkaline phosphatase, resection of the tumor as well as stage II of Duke's classification.
Rev Esp Enferm Dig 1992 Sep
PMID:[The prognosis of colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases]. 141 12

Inflammatory cytokines are able to facilitate the homing of transferred lymphocytes, tumor cell lysis through induction of adhesion molecules, also able to reduce tumor cell susceptibility to LAK cells by increasing tumor cell class I antigen. Investigation with 12 cell lines suggested that promotion of lysis by ICAM-1 was more responsible than protection by (allogeneic) class I Ags (Fig. 1). PBMC were cultured in anti-CD3 coated flasks with rIL-2. CD3+ cells dominated until day 7, decreased thereafter with CD4+. CD8+ and CD16+ increased (Fig. 2). Strong cytotoxicity obtained in some cultures correlated well with CD16+, contributing exclusively among several variables to the activity estimation in multiple regression analysis (Fig. 4). Among 6 cases, in which 2 or more cycles of transfer was done, 1 was prophylaxis of recurrence, in 2 of 3 advanced metastasis cases in which cells were transferred as BRM in the course of chemotherapy, survival of half a year was obtained in good QOL with suppressed disease and adequate level of PBL number. In 2 other cases, inflammation eliciting local treatments were combined. In the case 4, three large liver metastasis from colon cancer which resisted topical ethanol injection and chemotherapy, responded to the transfer with reduced lesions to 1/8 (Fig. 8). In the case 5, abdominal metastasis from colon cancer were removed, liver metastasis were injected of ethanol, and cells were transferred. Responses were obtained to immunotherapy in a certain degree, while never to any chemotherapy.
Hum Cell 1992 Sep
PMID:[Adoptive immunotherapy using immobilized anti-CD3 mAb-activated autologous lymphocytes: the strong cytotoxicity was supported by CD16+ cells which proliferated in prolonged cultures]. 146 25

Tumor invasion and metastasis involve the interaction between tumor cells and basement membrane, which is mediated in part by laminin receptors. To search for tumor-associated-genes which can be used as new markers in colon cancers with known poor prognosis, cDNA libraries from a colon cancer cell line and colonic tissues were constructed and screened. We selected a cDNA clone which encodes 32-kD laminin-binding protein (LBP-32), and showed increased mRNA expression of LBP-32 in colon carcinoma. This mRNA expression was also correlated with clinical tumor staging. Furthermore, to investigate the role of LBP-32 in cancer invasion and metastasis, cell adhesion assays and in vitro invasion assays were performed, using anti-sense RNA of LBP-32 to block the synthesis of LBP-32. Results showed that anti-sense RNA of LBP-32 inhibits tumor cell attachment and invasiveness in vitro in transfectants of a colon cancer cell line. These data suggest that LBP-32 may play an important role in colon cancer progression, and that LBP-32 may be used as a marker of biological aggressiveness. These findings also imply that laminin receptors may provide a target for novel therapeutic strategies: modulating LBP-32 expression by anti-sense RNA or monoclonal antibodies may have clinical application in colorectal cancer therapy.
Nihon Geka Gakkai Zasshi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Cellular and molecular biological study of the laminin-binding protein and its clinical application]. 147 Jan 61

The role of the human ileocolonic junction in the transit of solid contents through the entire gut was evaluated. Eight patients, well compensated after right hemicolectomy for localized colon cancer, and eight age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Scintigraphic transit was quantified after subjects ingested a mixed meal containing 111In-labeled Amberlite beads (average diameter, 1 mm; Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO). Gastric emptying was initially faster in the postoperative group, but overall emptying was not different from controls; small bowel transit also did not differ between the groups. In patients in whom the distal ileum, ileocolonic sphincter, and proximal colon were absent, isotopes moved from small to large bowel in a manner that was qualitatively and quantitatively no different from that of controls. Major episodes of coloileal reflux could not be identified in either group. After hemicolectomy, the residual transverse colon, and to a lesser degree the descending colon, were able to store solid residue, although in lesser amounts than the unoperated large bowel. The ileocolonic sphincter in humans appears to play only a minor role, at most, in ileocolonic transit, and the colon remaining after right hemicolectomy stores residue so that bowel habits are not greatly disturbed.
Gastroenterology 1992 Sep
PMID:Ileocolonic transit does not change after right hemicolectomy. 149 29

The National Polyp Study (NPS) is a multicenter prospective randomized trial designed to evaluate follow-up surveillance strategies in patients who have undergone polypectomy for the control of large bowel cancer. The study design was developed by a joint research committee from American Gastroenterological Association, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and the American College of Gastroenterology. Subjects who met the eligibility criteria were randomized into two different treatment arms. Eligibility criteria included: removal of one or more adenomas; complete colonoscopy; no prior polypectomy, inflammatory bowel disease, or familial polyposis; and no history of colon cancer. The treatment arms consisted of a frequent follow-up (1 and 3 years after initial polypectomy) and a less frequent follow-up (3 years). Follow-up examinations included fecal occult blood tests, air-contrast barium enema, and colonoscopy. The latter was done on 9112 referred patients at the seven participating centers from November 1980 until February 1990 who had no history of polypectomy, colon cancer, familial polyposis, or inflammatory bowel disease. Of these patients, 4763 (52.3%) had no polyps; 549 (6.0%) had an invasive cancer; 776 (8.5%) had nonadenomatous polyps; 208 (2.3%) had incomplete examinations; 184 (2.0%) had other findings; and 2632 (28.9%) had one or more adenomas, of which 1418 (53.9%) were randomized to one of the two treatment arms. This article reports the background, rationale, objectives, methods, and organization of this study and includes patient characteristics on initial presentation. Future data provided by the NPS may help in the development of recommendations for surveillance guidelines for such patients. This study also provides a framework to address questions regarding the natural history of adenomas and their relationship with colorectal cancer.
Cancer 1992 Sep 01
PMID:The National Polyp Study. Design, methods, and characteristics of patients with newly diagnosed polyps. The National Polyp Study Workgroup. 151 70

Treatment decisions for patients with colorectal cancer depend on the site and extent of the cancer. Medical factors rarely preclude appropriate treatment. For colonic and upper rectal cancer, curative treatment is almost entirely operative. Even patients with disseminated colon cancer merit a limited palliative resection to abort bleeding and prevent obstruction. When surgery is elective, colostomy is rarely necessary, although it may be required in patients who have obstructed or perforated colon cancer. For distal rectal cancer, various treatment options, including radiation therapy, have reduced the need for a colostomy, although maintaining comparable cure rates. Currently, only about one in seven patients with rectal cancer requires a permanent colostomy.
Cancer 1992 Sep 01
PMID:Treatment options for the patient with colorectal cancer. 151 82

In the past, effective surgical adjuvant therapy has been an elusive goal with little or no evidence of benefit from chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiation therapy. During the last 2 years, however, randomized trials have produced strong evidence of substantive progress. In colon cancer with regional nodal metastasis, therapy with combined 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamisole has resulted in a 41% reduction in the recurrence rate (P less than 0.00005) and a 33% reduction in the death rate (P = 0.0052). In rectal cancer, combined technique adjuvant therapy using radiation (50.4 Gy) given in combination with 5-FU and preceded and followed by full-dose systemic chemotherapy with a 5-FU-based regimen was evaluated. In comparison with the same dose of radiation used alone, this combined regimen reduced the recurrence rate by 33% (P = 0.0016) and the death rate by 29% (P = 0.025). Of almost equal importance, there was a major reduction in local recurrence from 25% to 13%. Both these regimens would seem sufficiently well established to justify offering them as standard treatment. Of greater potential value to the patient, however, is entry into the currently available clinical trials that are pursuing hopeful avenues of research and offer the prospect of still greater accomplishments in the years to come.
Cancer 1992 Sep 01
PMID:Accomplishments in surgical adjuvant therapy for large bowel cancer. 151 86

Specific and nonspecific stimulation of the host immune system to reject cancer is an attractive concept that is just beginning to mature. Results with crude extracts and nonspecific immune stimulation have been variable. However, the recent observations of improved survival after administration of levamisole plus 5-fluorouracil in the adjuvant setting have made an impact on the treatment of colorectal cancer. Animal studies consistently show that immune therapies are most effective for disease that is not advanced. Thus, the small benefit seen with levamisole, a low toxicity immunomodulator, suggests that much more impressive results can be anticipated with more potent and specific agents. Postsurgical autologous tumor cell vaccine has been effective in some prospective randomized trials; in others, no benefit was found. The identification and purification of allogeneic tumor-associated antigens has lead to enhanced antigen-specific host cell-mediated immunity; this may result in more consistent antitumor effects. The current development of chemically defined immune adjuvants of low toxicity allows tumor-specific immune stimulation to be tested in high-risk apparently healthy patients after resection of colorectal cancer (Stages II and III). The influx of information regarding immune cell populations, cell-surface markers, and cytokines has fostered extensive exploration of lymphocyte stimulation, in vitro cell growth and expansion, and in vivo evaluation in patients with advanced cancer. Modest tumor response rates have been documented with adoptive transfer of lymphokine-activated killer cells and interleukin-2. Improved results are anticipated with the more potent tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and specific in vitro sensitization of draining lymph node cells to autologous and allogeneic tumor antigens. Murine monoclonal antibodies specific for cell-surface markers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen, have been tested for their value in the diagnosis and therapy of colorectal cancer. A small response rate has been seen with single and multiple injections of C017-1A, a monoclonal antibody specific for colonic and pancreatic cancer. The development of antiidiotypic antibodies in these patients may have been important in those that responded to this type of therapy. However, laboratory evidence suggests that monoclonal antibody conjugated to a cytotoxic agent (i.e., radionuclide, drug, or toxin) should be much more effective. Radioimmunotherapy trials in the nude mouse model bearing human colon cancer xenografts showed good tumor incorporation of the radionuclide (yttrium 90 or iodine 131), inhibition of tumor growth, and long-term survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cancer 1992 Sep 01
PMID:Immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. 151 94


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