Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have performed combined chemotherapy with 5-FU, a biochemical modulator, and low dose CDDP for advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system. The therapy was effective in 37% of all cases and in 45.5% and 41.6% of esophageal and gastric cancer cases, respectively. In addition, few patients developed adverse side effects including renal disorders, one of the major side effects of CDDP. Therefore, we considered home anti-cancer chemotherapy feasible. For 27 outpatients with advanced cancer of the digestive system including 15 cases of esophageal cancer, 4 cases of gastric cancer, 3 cases of colon cancer, 4 cases of pancreatic cancer and 1 case of gall bladder cancer, 4 to 6 week home adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. The regimen comprised 1 week of oral administration of 300 mg/body/day of UFT-E granules and 5 days of continuous intravenous infusion of 25 mg/body/day of CDDP using an infusor pump. During the follow-up, 3 cases of catheter obstruction, 3 cases of catheter sepsis and 1 case of pneumothorax appeared. These complications all resulted from the catheter, and safe home anti-cancer chemotherapy could be continued because 5-FU and CDDP did not cause severe side effects.
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PMID:[Combined chemotherapy with 5-FU and low dose CDDP for advanced or recurrent cancer of the digestive system and home anti-cancer chemotherapy]. 884 89

We followed 18 patients who underwent curative hepatectomy for metastatic carcinoma of the colon from March 1993 to March 1995, and investigated their survival and the effect of treatment on recurrence. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A (n = 9) was given continuous 5-FU (500 mg x 4 days/week) for six weeks from 2 weeks after surgery via the hepatic artery and Group B (n = 9) was given 5-FU orally from 2 weeks after surgery. The cumulative one-, two-, and three-year survival was 88.9, 88.9, and 76.2% in Group A, while the one- and two-year survival was 100 and 80% in Group B. The one-, two-, and three-year disease-free survival was 77.8% in Group A, while the one- and two-year disease-free survival was 55.6 and 29.6% in Group B (p = 0.0369: Mantel-Cox). These findings suggest that continuous hepatic artery infusion of 5-FU is effective against post-hepatectomy recurrence of metastatic carcinoma of the colon.
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PMID:[Evaluation of prophylactic hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy after hepatectomy for metastases from colorectal cancer--the second report]. 885 77

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) has been studied over the past two decades in five prospective randomized trials comparing bolus with infusional schedules. Response rates and time to progression are improved with infusional schedules and survival as determined by the proportion of patients alive at 2 years is also superior for infusional administration. Biochemical modulation of infusional 5-FU by leucovorin or interferon does not increase the therapeutic effect (in contrast to the modulation of bolus delivery) but does effect the toxicity profile adversely. Time modulation of infusional 5-FU has been reported to improve response rates, and survival over constant or flat infusion and additional studies are ongoing. A proposed experimental design for a comparative trial in advanced colon cancer is presented to address the questions of the optimal infusion duration; the role of dose intensity; and the role of chronomodulation. The application of infusional 5-FU into the adjuvant setting seems to be a reasonable step, and such trials have been initiated in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Bolus single agent 5-FU should be abandoned as a treatment option for colon cancer.
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PMID:Infusional 5-FU for advanced colorectal cancer. 893 30

The mechanisms of synergic effects on cancer cells, the rational dose schedules resulting from these action mechanisms, and actual clinical results for inoperable colon cancer patients by a concurrent CDDP/5-FU therapy, are described. We analyzed the clinical results on the basis on the literature dealing with concurrent CDDP/5-FU therapy for inoperable colon cancer patients. This analysis suggested that some modified dose schedules of CDDP and 5-FU for inoperable colon cancer patients made no difference in response rates, survival times or adverse effects. Concurrent low-dose CDDP/5-FU therapy for inoperable colon cancer patients is now awaited in Japan.
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PMID:[Analysis of clinical effects of a concurrent CDDP/5-FU therapy on inoperable colon cancer]. 893 87

Dinaline [4-amino-N-(2'-aminophenyl)-benzamide, Din], p-N-methyldinaline (Me-Din) and p-N-acetyldinaline (Ac-Din) were evaluated for their antineoplastic efficacy in acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine-induced colorectal carcinomas in Sprague-Dawley rats and in two human colon cancer cell lines. Din was very effective at all dosages (10, 7.7 and 5.9 mg/kg) as indicated by the ratio of median tumour volume of treated and control groups (T/C%) values of 0.4, 16 and 10.6, respectively, but also caused a corresponding mortality of 87, 47 and 13%, respectively, as opposed to 15% in the control group. Me-Din also showed significant tumour growth inhibition at all dosages (13.8, 10.6, 8.2 and 6.2 mg/kg), as evidenced by T/C% values of 2, 5.7, 8.4 and 25, respectively. The corresponding mortality was 47, 20, 27 and 30%, respectively. Ac-Din showed the lowest mortality with 20, 13 and 20% at dosages of 9.1, 7.0 and 5.3 mg/kg, respectively, whereas application of 11.9 mg/kg resulted in 100% mortality. T/C values of 18.3, 11.1 and 21.6%, respectively, demonstrated again high anticancer efficacy. Compared to the combination therapy with 5-FU and leucovorin (25 mg/kg each), p-N-acetyldinaline (7.0 mg/kg) was 4-fold more effective as indicated by T/C% values of 81.4 versus 21.9 at similar toxicity. In vitro, all three compounds were similarly active with IC50 concentrations between 1 and 2.2 micrograms/ml after 48 h of exposure and 0.6 to 1.6 micrograms/ml after 72 h of incubation. The MTT dye conversion assay correlated well with cell counts obtained by cell counting except for low dosages after short incubation periods when it stimulated cell proliferation. These results suggest that dinaline and its derivatives have clinical potential.
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PMID:Efficacy of dinaline and its methyl and acetyl derivatives against colorectal cancer in vivo and in vitro. 894 83

In summary, the committee believes that a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the management of the patient with colorectal cancer. The committee endorses the concept that treatment of patients on a clinical trial has priority over standard or accepted therapy. The recommended surgical procedure for managing resectable colon cancer is an en bloc resection; laparoscopic surgery should be done only in the context of a clinical trial. For patients with stage III disease, 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended. A patient who has metastatic disease in the liver or lung should be considered for surgical resection if he or she is a candidate for surgery and if surgery can extend survival. The committee advocates a conservative post-treatment surveillance program for colon and rectal cancer patients. A determination of CEA should be done only if CEA was elevated at baseline and decreased following primary resection. Abdominal and pelvic CT scans should be utilized only when there are clinical indications of possible recurrence. Patients whose disease progresses during 5-FU-based therapy should be considered for treatment with irinotecan or encouraged to participate in a phase I or II clinical trial.
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PMID:NCCN Colorectal Cancer Practice Guidelines. The National Comprehensive Cancer Network. 895 1

The activity and toxicity of UFT (Tegafur and Uracil) in a 4:1 molar concentration, plus leucovorin (LV), were evaluated in the treatment of 45 patients with advanced, bidimensionally measurable metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Initially 350 and later 300 mg/m2/day, plus 150 mg LV, as administered in divided doses every 8 h for 28 days. After two courses of treatment, responses were evaluated. The overall response rate was 42.2%, with responses observed in liver (n = 18), lung (n = 6), and bone (n = 1). Five of the 7 patients who received 350 mg/m2 UFT experienced prolonged grade 3 diarrhea, resulting in a dose reduction to 300 mg/m2; 9 patients in the 300-mg/m2 group experienced grade 3 diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramping, and fatigue. Minor toxic effects included oral mucositis and rash. The oral regimen of 300 mg/m2/day UFT, plus 150 mg/day LV, administered for 28 days appears to have significant activity against metastatic colorectal carcinoma. The treatment is well tolerated; neutropenia did not occur, and oral mucositis was not significant, even though both are characteristic of intravenous schedules of 5-fluorouracil plus LV. The results of this trial constitutes the basis of phase III clinical trials comparing this oral schedule with intravenous 5-FU and LV to compare clinical efficacy, impact on well-being, and cost. In addition, the current National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) adjuvant colon clinical trial (CO-6) will compare this 28-day schedule of UFT plus oral leucovorin with a weekly regimen of intravenous 5-fluorouracil plus leucovorin in the postoperative adjuvant therapy of Dukes' B and C colon cancer patients.
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PMID:Phase II study of UFT plus leucovorin in colorectal cancer. 897 80

A 59-year-old man with colon cancer was diagnosed as having a local recurrence of the disease, forming a huge intra pelvic tumor, accompanied by pulmonary metastasis 16 months after hemicolectomy. He received alternate systemic and local chemotherapy consisting respectively of a 5-day course of continuous infusion of 5-FU 600 mg/m2/day, bolus injection of leucovorin (LV) 20 mg/m2/day, intramuscular injection of interferon (IFN)-alpha 2a 6 x 10(6) IU/day, and intra-arterial administration of 5-FU, LV and carboplatin using reservoir catheter through pudendal artery, each repeated every 3 weeks. After 6 systemic and 8 local treatments, metastatic lesions disappeared and the intra-pelvic tumor shrunk by 62%, indicating a partial response. The patient then underwent dissection of the intra-pelvic tumor. Pathological examination indicated a curative resection. Alternate systemic and local intra arterial chemotherapy using a combination of 5-FU, LV, IFN and and carboplatin is highly promising for metastatic colorectal cancer with local recurrence.
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PMID:[A case of colon cancer with local recurrence successfully treated by systemic and local intra-arterial chemotherapy using a combination of 5-fluorouracil, interferon-alpha 2A, leucovorin and carboplatin]. 902 Sep 55

In the mid-1980s, trials of adjuvant therapy for colon cancer in the United States had a "no treatment" arm, which reflected the belief that effective adjuvant chemotherapy did not exist for patients with surgically resected disease at high risk for recurrence. However, with the observation in the early 1990s that postsurgical adjuvant 5-FU plus levamisole reduced tumor recurrence and ultimately increased overall survival in stage III colon cancer, the potential of effective adjuvant chemotherapy was realized. Questions about the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy, the specifics of chemotherapy schedule/drug selection, and its use in stage II colon cancer are beginning to be clarified in large, randomized adjuvant therapy trials. In rectal carcinomas, combined modality postoperative pelvic irradiation plus chemotherapy for stage II and III disease has been shown to reduce both local and systemic recurrences and to prolong survival compared with that in patients treated with local surgery and radiation. Again, large randomized trials are attempting to clarify both the optimal chemotherapeutic agents and schedules to be used and also whether preoperative combined modality therapy can improve the resectability rate, rate of sphincter preservation, and survival. Future trials will examine new agents shown to be effective in advanced disease as well as monoclonal antibodies, such as MoAb 17-1A, that may have selective activity in minimal disease. Improvement in overall survival remains the ultimate endpoint of future adjuvant therapy trials; however, trials will also critically examine toxicity, quality of life, pharmacoeconomics, and genetic and biologic correlates that may help select more appropriate candidates for adjuvant therapies.
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PMID:Adjuvant medical therapy for colorectal cancer. 909 11

A 43-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital for sigmoid colon cancer with multiple liver metastasis (H3). As preoperative CTAP (CT during arterial portography) examination showed 23 metastatic nodules in the whole liver, hepatic resections were not indicated. Angiographic findings showed that right and left hepatic arteries branched separately from the celiac artery. Sigmoid colon resection with D3 lymph node dissection and catheterization to the right hepatic artery via gastroduodenal artery were undertaken as a first operation. Continuous hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy with MMC, 5-FU oriented by in vitro chemosensitivity test (SDI test: Succinic Dehydrogenase Inhibition test) of primary tumor was performed 7 days after the first operation. After administration of MMC (40 mg) and 5-FU (16,500 mg), metastatic nodules in the right lobe almost disappeared except for the one tumor of S7, but the size and number of the nodules in the left lobes increased. At 10 months after the first operation, the left hepatic lobectomy and extirpation of only one tumor in the right lobe (S7) underwent. This case showed the usefulness of continuous hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy oriented by in vitro chemosensitivity test for multiple liver metastasis from colon cancer.
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PMID:[Secondary hepatic resections in a case of sigmoid colon cancer with multiple liver metastasis (H3) after successful continuous hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy oriented by in vitro chemosensitivity test]. 921 15


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