Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between October, 1974 and December, 1976, 13 adolescent patients with far-advanced, poorly differentiated colorectal carcinoma had been referred to a pediatric cancer center. All patients received chemotherapy with vincristine, methyl-CCNU and 5-fluorouracil. Five of 13 patients are living, one of whom remains disease-free after 12 months of chemotherapy. Four of the patients were from urban areas and nine from rural areas. One of four from urban areas had intimate exposure to chemicals used in the production of cotton and soy beans. Eight of nine patients from rural areas also had exposure to farm or agricultural chemicals, and three of these patients were intimately involved with the spraying operations. Suggestions regarding etiology and causative factors for the development of carcinoma of the colon in adults have previously been advanced. Results of these studies suggest that alternate etiologies must be suggested for adolescent colorectal carcinoma.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma in adolescents implications regarding etiology. 20 Mar 42

An in vivo model is described for assessing the antitumor activity of chemotherapeutic agents. Tumors derived from human colon carcinoma cell lines injected into antithymocyte serum (ATS) immunosuppressed mice were used. In this system, both antitumor effects and host toxicity can be quantitated, permitting calculation of a Therapeutic Index. Compared with other xenograft models, the present system is simple, experiments are completed in less than 2 weeks, and the use of cultured cell lines allows in vitro studies to be performed. The in vitro sensitivities of one colon cell line to 22 chemotherapeutic agents and of four cell lines to three agents is reported. Four drugs used in treating colon cancer (Mitomycin C, 5-FU, BCNU, and methyl-CCNU) show antitumor activity in vivo in this system. Each has a low therapeutic index. Further work with this model is indicated, with the goal of finding new drugs with high Therapeutic Indices.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of cell-line-derived human colon carcinomas in mice immunosuppressed with antithymocyte serum. 30 40

The three-drug combination of 5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, and daunorubicin was evaluated in 38 patients with unresectable or metastatic carcinoma of the colon. There were five partial responses and one complete response for an overall response rate of 16%. Although toxicity was tolerable, daunorubicin failed to add to the 5-fluorouracil and methyl-CCNU combination.
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PMID:Phase II study of 5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, and daunorubicin in colorectal cancer: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. 44 97

5-Flourouracil (5-FU) and methyl-CCNU have demonstrated separate sensitivities in carcinoma of the large bowel. This study was an attempt to see if methyl-CCNU versus methyl-CCNU plus 5-FU would demonstrate different responses in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Forty-nine patients have been evaluated, 14 receiving methyl-CCNU and 35 receiving 5-FU plus methyl-CCNU. One partial response has been seen with methyl-CCNU alone in a patient with liver metastasis. Thirteen partial responses have been noted in patients treated with the two-drug combination. There was a significant difference in the median survival of the responders versus the nonresponders for the two-drug group. Side effects were expected: nausea and vomiting, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and urine arylsulfatase were measured in all patients and correlated well with response.
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PMID:Methyl-CCNU versus methyl-CCNU and 5-fluorouracil in carcinoma of the large bowel. 92 50

The prognosis of colon cancer after curative resection is mainly related to the onset of metastases, and especially of liver metastases. In order to prevent metastatic recurrences, the value of adjuvant medical therapy is widely admitted. The aim of the present review was to analyse the conclusions of the main recent randomized trials assessing the comparative value of different adjuvant protocols. The results obtained using either classic systemic infusion or intraportal infusion, which is mainly used with the intent of preventing liver metastases, are reported. At term of this review, we conclude that: adjuvant chemotherapy using combined drugs (5-Fluorouracil + Methyl CCNU, 5-Fluorouracil + Oncovin) did not prove to be more active than 5-FU alone. the beneficial action of a combined 5-FU + Levamisole regimen has been clearly demonstrated for patients with a Dukes C tumor. intraportal adjuvant therapy has been shown to be effective for patients with Dukes B tumors in only one limited trial but this remains to be confirmed. On the basis of the present data, new adjuvant programs using combined chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic compounds, and combined systemic and regional infusion, can be envisaged.
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PMID:[Does an efficacious adjuvant treatment exist in resected colonic carcinoma?]. 158 19

The systemic management of patients with colorectal cancer continues to center on the use of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In the setting of metastatic disease, parenteral 5-FU has been shown to be superior to oral 5-FU; however, survival duration seems similar regardless of whether parenteral 5-FU is administered in a "loading schedule," weekly, or in a continuous-infusion regimen. The addition of other cytotoxic agents, such as semustine (methyl-CCNU) and/or mitomycin C, to 5-FU does not appear to be beneficial. Recent efforts have been directed toward enhancing the activity of 5-FU by (1) increasing its incorporation into RNA through pretreatment with methotrexate or phosphonoacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA), (2) enhancing DNA synthesis inhibition via the concomitant administration of folinic acid, and (3) an undetermined modulatory action by the addition of alpha-interferon. These pharmacologic approaches are being compared in ongoing cooperative group trials. The results of five randomized trials assessing the value of intra-arterial, hepatic infusions of 5-FU or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine have demonstrated that regional chemotherapy increases the likelihood of a hepatic response when compared with systemic treatment, but has little effect on survival and is associated with significant toxicity. Recent adjuvant chemotherapy trials have indicated both a decrease in recurrence and a prolongation in survival when chemotherapy (5-FU + levamisole) is administered to patients with stage C colon cancer; and combined radiation therapy and chemotherapy is given to patients with stages B2 and C rectal cancer.
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PMID:Systemic therapy for colorectal cancer: an overview. 194 31

The National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Adjuvant Therapy for Patients With Colon and Rectum Cancer brought together surgeons, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists, other health care providers, and the public to address the issues regarding adjuvant therapy for colon and rectum cancer. Following 1 1/2 days of presentations by experts and discussion by the audience, a consensus panel weighed the evidence and prepared a consensus statement. Among their findings, the panel recommended that patients with Stage III colon cancer should receive adjuvant therapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamisole. Specific adjuvant therapy is not recommended for Stage II colon cancer patients outside of clinical trials. For rectal cancer, the panel recommended that adjuvant therapy combining chemotherapy and radiation therapy improves local control and survival for Stage II and III patients. The most effective combination at present appears to be 5-FU, methyl-CCNU, and high-dose pelvic irradiation. However, the use of methyl-CCNU outside of clinical trials is discouraged because of documented toxicities. The panel concluded that patients with Stage I colon and rectal cancers are at low risk of recurrence and do not warrant adjuvant therapy. The panel also recommended that the American Joint Committee on Cancer system for classifying stages of colon and rectal cancer, known as the TNM system, become the standard measurement used in clinical trials and in clinical practice.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy for patients with colon and rectum cancer. 207 98

Adjuvant treatment is based on the concept that surgery is only potentially curative and that apparently localized disease has extended beyond surgical resection or is already disseminated. Although death might be related to local recurrence as well as to disease dissemination, most of the trials have tested only one adjuvant modality. Among many negative and non-contributory studies, very few positive results were obtained: in rectal cancer it seems that pre-operative and perhaps postoperative radiotherapy may reduce the incidence of local recurrences, and in colon cancer patients treated with Methyl-CCNU, vincristine and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) had a significant increase in survival. In colon cancer, the lack of active drug might at least partly explain negative studies, but in gastric cancer the most active combination in advanced disease has failed to demonstrate an improvement of survival in the adjuvant setting. Future trials should take account of this succession of negative trials.
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PMID:The future of adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal cancer. 218 51

While uncontrolled and retrospective studies suggest a treatment benefit for radiotherapy or chemotherapy when administered as adjuvant before or after surgical resection with a curative aim for colon cancer, prospective randomized clinicals trials failed to show any advantage and do not to date confirm the efficiency of the proposed adjuvant therapy. For rectal cancer, preoperative irradiation administered at the dose of 34.5 Gy and postoperative radiotherapy administered at the dose of 46 to 53 Gy markedly decreased the local recurrence rate, however, these treatments failed to improve the 5 year survival rate significantly. Recently the efficacy of a postoperative chemotherapy was observed in a randomized clinical trial. The administration of methyl-CCNU, Vincristine and 5-fluorouracil after surgical resection of rectal cancer improved both the disease-free survival and the survival rate. Another randomized study showed a benefit of combined post-operative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with methyl-CCNU and 5-FU. Advantages and disadvantages of preoperative irradiation treatment and postoperative irradiation treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Adjuvant therapy in colorectal cancer. 268 89

Twenty-two patients with metastatic and primary cancer of the liver were treated with 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5FUDR), Mitomycin C (Mito C), and 1 (-2-chlorethyl)-4(methyl-cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (MeCCNU). 5FUDR 0.3 mg/kg/day was administered as a continuous infusion via the hepatic artery. Mito C (10 mg/M2) and MeCCNU (50 mg/M2) were given I.V. and orally, respectively, every 8 weeks. Remission of the neoplastic lesions within the liver was seen in 10 patients (4CR, 6PR). Five patients had stabilization of their lesion neoplasm for at least 4 months. The response rate in this study was 6/15 (40%) in patients with colon cancer metastatic to the liver. Toxicity was mainly hematologic and hepatic. Three patients experienced a platelet count below 25,000 and/or white blood count below 1000. Fifteen patients had hepatic toxicity showing elevation in SGOT and SGPT. The SGOT and SGPT returned to normal when the 5FUDR was discontinued. The combination of 5FUDR intraarterially, and Mito C and MeCCNU systemically, demonstrated activity in malignancies of the liver. This study proved that chemotherapy can be administered systemically and regionally with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Hepatic arterial and systemic chemotherapy for the treatment of primary and secondary malignancies of the liver. 293 12


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