Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Over the past 40 years, the American Cancer Society has led in large-scale, prospective studies of behavioral and environmental risk factors in association with cancer development. Through results of its 1952 study, cigarette smokers were found to have a 10-fold higher risk of lung cancer than nonsmokers. Cancer Prevention Study I (1959-1972) extended these results and also showed the relationship between age smoking began, depth of inhalation, smoking cessation, air pollution, body weight, etc., on all causes of death as well as specific cancer sites. Cancer Prevention Study II began in 1982 and after six years of follow-up has confirmed many earlier findings, and additionally has found: aspirin may be protective against colon cancer; persons reporting themselves to be heavy exercisers had higher standardized mortality ratios (SMR) for lung, colorectal, and pancreas cancer than moderate exercisers; more women who were long-term users of artificial sweeteners reported gaining weight during the past year than nonusers; diesel fume exposure elevated the risk of lung cancer among men ages 40-79; pesticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma; and based on CPS II mortality rates, an estimated 250 million of the 1.25 billion persons living in developed countries will die because they smoke.
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PMID:Cancer Prevention Study II. The American Cancer Society Prospective Study. 147 48

Acivicin pharmacokinetics were studied in Phase I patients receiving i.v. treatment on single-dose or daily x5 (daily times five doses) regimens repeated every 3 weeks. In 14 patients, the time course of plasma concentrations was characterized by a biexponential equation with a terminal (elimination-phase) half-life of 9.92 +/- 3.91 h (mean +/- SD), distribution phase half-life of 0.32 +/- 0.28 h, total body clearance of 1.69 +/- 0.48 liters/h/m2, and volume of distribution of 21.79 +/- 2.94 liters/m2. Acivicin kinetics appeared to be dose-independent over the range of 8.5-150 mg/m2/day. Urinary excretion of intact acivicin in nine patients ranged from 2-42% in the first 24 h following administration; interpatient variability in urinary excretion was large, but daily urinary recovery within patients on the daily x5 schedule was quite consistent. Measurements of acivicin effects on the activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase II (CPS II) were conducted using leukocytes and/or malignant ascites of three colon cancer patients. Acivicin given to one patient at 8.5 mg/m2/day on the daily x5 schedule caused a 70% reduction in leukocyte CPS II activity within 5 h after therapy was initiated. Leukocyte CPS II activity remained suppressed at this level over the 5-day dosing regimen. In this patient, CPS II activity in malignant ascitic cells had decreased by 75% on day 4 of the daily x5 regimen. On the single dose schedule, treatment of two patients with 100 mg/m2 caused leukocyte CPS II activity to decrease by greater than 90% within 4 h of treatment with gradual recovery over the next 2 days.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetic and biochemical studies on acivicin in phase I clinical trials. 389 81