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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Virtual colonoscopy is developing into a practical clinical technique. The issues of the steep learning curve and accuracy of the technique are undergoing advances related to patient preparation, scanning technique, reading methods, and CAD. It is probably the best test for patients with an incomplete colonoscopy or for those patients who cannot undergo colonoscopy. Its precise role in screening average-risk patients for colon cancer remains to be defined by ongoing research and clinical trials.
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PMID:Virtual colonoscopy: past, present, and future. 1265 44

Colon cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in the developed countries. Most colon cancers can be prevented if precursor colon polyps are detected and removed. Virtual colonoscopy, or CT colonography, has shown promise to be the future screening tool for polyp detection, with a number of studies performed at academic institutions showing high sensitivity and specificity. Two main factors limiting CT colonography in general use are its excessive interpretation time and the variable sensitivity among readers. This article discusses the potential of computer-aided detection to address these problems. We also review the current state of research in this field and the future roles and challenges of CAD for CT colonography.
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PMID:Computer-aided detection for virtual colonoscopy. 1615 12

Scorzonera hispanica commonly known as black salsify is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. The subaerial parts of black salsify are cultivated in Central and Southern Europe as a vegetable. There are only few reports on the chemical composition of S.hispanica. The aim of the present study was to determine the chemical composition of subaerial and aerial parts of this species. In total, twelve compounds were isolated and identified with spectroscopic methods, including a series of seven rare sesquiterpenoids - five bisabolane and two curcumenal derivatives. Furthermore, a fully validated HPLC-DAD-CAD method for the quantification of phenolic compounds of S. hispanica was developed. The cytotoxicities of lignan [(-)-syringaresinol (1)] and bisabolane derivatives from S. hispanica against several cancer cell lines were studied. (-)-Syringaresinol was the only compound active against myeloma cell lines and was also active against colon cancer cell lines. However, this lignan was also found to be cytotoxic for normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Two bisabolane derivatives were active against colon cancer cell lines and may be interesting as lead structures for the development of new anti-colon cancer agents.
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PMID:Qualitative and quantitative analyses of secondary metabolites in aerial and subaerial of Scorzonera hispanica L. (black salsify). 2546 29

Metastasis-associated gene 1 (MTA1) controls a series of biological processes in tumor progression. Tumor progression is a complex process regulated by a gene network. The global cancer gene regulatory network must be analyzed to determine the position of MTA1 in the molecular network and its cooperative genes by further exploring the biological functions of this gene. We used TCGA data sets and GeneCards database to screen MTA1-related genes. GO and KEGG pathway analyses were conducted with DAVID and gene network analysis via STRING and Cytoscape. Results showed that in the development of colon cancer, MTA1 is linked to certain signal pathways, such as Wnt/Notch/nucleotide excision repair pathways. The findings also suggested that MTA1 demonstrates the closest relationship in a coregulation process with the key molecules AKT1, EP300, CREBBP, SMARCA4, RHOA, and CAD. These results lead MTA1 exploration to an in-depth investigation in different directions, such as Wnt, Notch, and DNA repair.
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PMID:Bioinformatic exploration of MTA1-regulated gene networks in colon cancer. 2705 52

Reprogramming of metabolism is described in many types of cancer and is associated with the clinical outcomes. However, the prognostic significance of pyrimidine metabolism signaling pathway in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unclear. Using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, we found that the pyrimidine metabolism signaling pathway was significantly enriched in LUAD. Compared with normal lung tissues, the pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes were highly expressed in lung tumor tissues. The high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic-rate limiting enzymes were associated with unfavorable prognosis. However, purinergic receptors P2RX1, P2RX7, P2RY12, P2RY13, and P2RY14 were relatively downregulated in lung cancer tissues and were associated with favorable prognosis. Moreover, we found that hypo-DNA methylation, DNA amplification, and TP53 mutation were contributing to the high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, combined pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes had significant prognostic effects in LUAD. Comprehensively, the pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes were highly expressed in bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer, liver cancer, and stomach cancer. And the high expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes were associated with unfavorable prognosis in liver cancer. Overall, our results suggested the mRNA levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes CAD, DTYMK, RRM1, RRM2, TK1, TYMS, UCK2, NR5C2, and TK2 were predictive of lung cancer as well as other cancers.
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PMID:High expression levels of pyrimidine metabolic rate-limiting enzymes are adverse prognostic factors in lung adenocarcinoma: a study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. 3263 67