Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Many studies reported the pretreatment with methotrexate followed by 5-FU resulted in the greatest tumor cell killing. Our preliminary laboratory studies confirmed the possibility of drug synergism in the L1210 cell line, but not in human bone marrow cells. Thirteen patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the breast and seven patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon were treated with an innovative approach in which methotrexate preceded 5-FU administration in an attempt to cause drug synergism and prevent drug antagonism. All patients with breast cancer and two patients with colon cancer had been extensively pretreated with multiple drugs. Of the cancer patients so treated, three (23%) with breast cancer and two (28%) with colon cancer demonstrated objective tumor response. In addition to these patients, six (46%) with breast cancer and three (43%) with colon cancer demonstrated subjective improvement as manifested by total pain relief and reduction in CEA titer. The preliminary results reported in this study suggest that sequential utilization of intermediate doses of methotrexate, followed by high doses of 5-FU, is an effective combination chemotherapy for patients with breast and colon malignancies.
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PMID:Effectiveness of intermediate-dose methotrexate and high-dose 5-fluorouracil as sequential combination chemotherapy in refractory breast cancer and as primary therapy in metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon. 744 20

Transcatheter arterial infusion and arterial embolization are employed in the treatment of various neoplasms. In patients with carcinoma of the colon metastatic to the liver, the hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) of floxuridine and Mitomycin produced a 55% partial response and a 12% complete response, as well as an improved median survival of 18 months. In metastatic breast carcinoma, a 30% response was achieved. In some cases, proximal embolization of aberrant hepatic arteries was performed to redistribute the hepatic flow to a single vessel to assist infusion of the entire liver using a single catheter. Devascularization by hepatic artery embolization has also been used to treat hepatic neoplasms. Arterial occlusion of renal carcinoma, followed after four to seven days by nephrectomy and hormonal therapy, produced a 36% response rate in 49 patients with distant metastases. In 14 patients with osteosarcoma treated with cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) arterial infusion, a 57% response rate was achieved. Benign bone tumors were treated with arterial occlusion with a 60% response rate. Tumors of the pelvis were managed by bilateral internal iliac artery infusion using CDDP. In 21 patients with recurrent bladder carcinoma, control of pain and hematuria and prolonged survival were achieved.
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PMID:Current status of transcatheter management of neoplasms. 745 17

Intestinal involvement of endometriosis requiring treatment is 5%, but only 0.7% needs intestinal resection. The authors report two cases of colic endometriosis and illustrate problems in diagnosis and management of this disease. Usually intestinal endometriosis takes the form of asymptomatic superficial serosal implants, encountered incidentally at laparotomy for other diseases, but it can also result in obstruction and occasionally bleeding. Any premenopausal woman with episodic bowel symptoms associated with gynecologic complaints should be suspected of endometriosis of the colon. Diagnosis can be suspected by double-contrast enema examination and colonoscopy with biopsy, although neither is likely to establish the diagnosis with certainty. In fact there are no radiologic or diagnostic imaging findings that are specific for endometriosis and unequivocal diagnosis requires microscopic examination. Differential diagnosis includes primary carcinoma of the colon and other benign diseases (pelvic inflammatory disease, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, pelvic abscess, polyps, etc.). The treatment of patients with uncomplicated, but symptomatic gastrointestinal endometriosis depends on the age of the patient and her childbearing attitude. Resection of the affected bowel should be done in patient with pain, bleeding, changes in bowel habits and intestinal obstruction and it is necessary to avoid neglecting a malignant tumor. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral oophorectomy is the treatment of choice in the perimenopausal and menopausal women. In symptomatic women desiring children the only resection of involved colon may be appropriate treatment. In these subjects hormonal therapy can be useful.
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PMID:[Endometriosis of the large intestine. A report of 2 clinical cases]. 825 7

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between uncertainty, symptom distress, and discharge information needs in individuals after a colon resection for cancer. The theoretical framework for the study was derived from Lazarus and Folkman's stress, appraisal, and coping model, and Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness. Uncertainty was measured by the Mishel Uncertainty Illness Scale (MUIS); symptom distress of pain, fatigue, constipation, diarrhea and loss of appetite by visual analogue scales; and discharge information needs by the Patient Learning Need Scale (PLNS). Forty individuals with a first diagnosis of cancer were interviewed after surgical resection of colon cancer. The study results indicated that they had moderate levels of uncertainty, low levels of symptom distress, and a moderate number of discharge information needs. Information related to treatment, complications, and activities of living were identified as highly important. An increase in uncertainty was significantly associated with an increase in discharge information needs. Increased attention to information needs at discharge may decrease an individual's level of uncertainty and facilitate the transition from hospital to home.
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PMID:Uncertainty, symptom distress, and information needs after surgery for cancer of the colon. 863 64

The difference in postoperative analgesic requirements for operations involving 11 sites was assessed in 1100 patients. Pain relief was mainly attained by epidural administration of bupivacaine 0.25% on demand. Postoperative analgesic was required most frequently after thoracotomy, followed by gastrectomy with left diagonal approach, gastrectomy with median approach, operation for colon cancer, cholecystectomy and hysterectomy. After hip operation, periproctal operation, radical mastectomy, appendectomy and herniorrhephies, total analgesic requirement was similar and the minimum amount required. In conclusion, there was a high degree of correlation between the severity of the pain and the site of the operation.
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PMID:[Postoperative analgesic requirements after various operations]. 872 Nov 43

To investigate the chance of discovery of metastatic lung tumors and the five-year survival rates of patients undergoing surgical resection, we followed 99 patients who underwent initial surgical treatment at our hospital between 1979 and 1996. With regard to primary organs or sites, 32 patients had rectal cancer, 27 patients had breast cancer, 19 patients had colon cancer and 21 patients had osteosarcoma. For 22 of 99 patients (22%), discovery was due to subjective symptoms such as cough and sputum (n = 12), chest (or back) pain (n = 7) or hemosputum (n = 5). Ten of 19 patients (53%) with colon cancer experienced subjective symptoms which led to the discovery of metastases. In 76 of 99 patients (78%), metastatic lung lesions were not discovered through subjective symptoms. In 63 of those 76 patients, such lesions were initially found by plain chest roentgenography or CT. In 20 of 21 patients (95%) who had osteosarcoma, metastatic lung tumors were discovered by chest roentgenography or CT. In 14 of 76 patients, all of whom had metastatic lung carcinomas, the lesions were discovered through elevated levels of tumor markers. Therefore the importance of periodic chest roentgenography and tumor marker testing was demonstrated. Disease-free interval (DFI) was over six years in five of 32 patients (16%) with rectal cancer and 13 of 27 (48%) with breast cancer. DFI was less than five years for 15 of 19 patients (79%) with colon cancer, and less than two years for 16 of 21 (75%) with osteosarcoma. Thus, DFI differed according to the sites of the tumors. The five-year survival rates of 97 patients were examined. Patients were divided according to the sites of their primary tumors, and then subdivided according to the type of surgery they received. Patients were thus divided into five categories: I) those who underwent incomplete resection of metastatic lung lesions, II) those who underwent complete resection of both pulmonary lesions and involved mediastinal lymph nodes, III) those who had undergone previous treatment for tumors in organs other than the lung, IV) those who underwent complete resection of multiple lung lesions, and V) those who underwent complete resection of solitary lung lesions. For all primary sites, none of the patients in group I) survived for more than two years. Therefore complete resection seems very important for the treatment of metastatic lung tumors. With regard to the other groups, several facts were noted. For rectal cancer, the five-year survival rate of groups V) and III) was 55.6% in either case. Therefore complete resection of rectal cancer metastatic to the lung may improve the five-year survival rate even for patients who have previously been treated for cancers in organs other than the lung. For colon cancer, the five-year survival rate of group V) was 51.4%. Complete resection of only a solitary lung lesion may improve the five-year survival rate for colon cancer. For breast cancer, the five-year survival rate of group V) was 37.5% and that of group II) was 60.0%. This may indicate that for patients who have both pulmonary lesions and mediastinal lymph node involvement, complete resection of both is important. For osteosarcoma the five-year survival rate of group IV) was 26.0%. Thus, osteosarcoma patients have a chance of survival if they undergo complete resection of lung metastases.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of metastatic lung tumors]. 883 35

In order to reduce surgical stress-induced dysfunction and morbidity in the postoperative period after colon cancer surgery in old people, we performed the operations laparoscopically and optimized the postoperative regime especially as regards to treatment of pain, early oral intake and mobilisation. The patients were treated with continuous epidural infusion of local anaesthetic for 48 hours postoperatively. Morphine was avoided. Normal oral intake was allowed immediately after operation and active mobilisation was ensured. Twenty patients with a median age of 81 years (71-92 years), who preoperatively were able to take care of themselves at home, entered the study. In four the operation was converted to open surgery due mainly to growth of the cancer into neighbouring organs. One patient had to have an open reoperation due to small bowel strangulation. Fifteen followed the scheduled programme. They all had normal bowel function on day one or two and were mobilised for eight hours on day two and 12 hours on day three. Accordingly postoperative hospital stay was only two days (median), and the high level of activity continued at home after discharge. The combination of laparoscopic mini-invasive surgical technique and a postoperative regime that optimized pain treatment, early oral intake and active mobilisation considerably reduced postoperative convalescence after colon cancer surgery in old patients.
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PMID:[Two days' hospital stay after laparoscopic colon resection]. 892 78

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are extensively used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents in the elderly, as well as for their anti-thrombotic properties. In the future, NSAIDs may be more widely used in this sector of the population for the prevention of colon cancer. However, the elderly demonstrate a particularly high incidence of adverse reactions to this class of compounds. The factors responsible for this differential toxicity involve age-related pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and physiological factors, as well as coincident disease states and polypharmacy. Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 form a novel class of anti-inflammatory drugs that, in animal studies, exhibit significantly fewer adverse effects on the gastrointestinal tract than standard NSAIDs. If this proves to be the case in humans, these novel agents may be useful for the treatment of inflammation and pain as well as in colorectal cancer prevention, but they will not have utility as antithrombotic agents.
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PMID:Selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2. Potential in elderly patients. 897 41

The local recurrence, after radical exeresis of a large intestinal cancer represents until now an extremely interesting question, taking into consideration that it represents the cause of death in 50% of operated patients. Frequency is higher after an exeresis of a rectal cancer, with a range of 2.6-83% in the different case histories, than after a surgical intervention on a colon cancer, whose incidence is lower than 5%. The early diagnosis of rectum cancer recurrence is the first step towards the favourable issue of treatment. Surgical treatment of loco-regional recurrences of rectum cancer can be curative when it is possible to perform a total resection of the recurrences and of the infiltrated structures, without microscopic residuals of disease, or palliative, aiming to reset the intestinal and urinary functions or to reduce pain. At the Department of Surgery of the University of Perugia, from January 1984 to December 1983, 153 patients with rectal cancer-79 males (52%) and 74 females (48%)-were treated. The operations, all involved total removal of the affected segment and were in 88 cases (58%) an anterior resection and in 65 cases (42%) an abdomino-perineal amputation. The analysis was made of 128 patients with a follow-up of at least five years; the local recurrence incidence was 12.5%. The authors adopted a follow-up protocol based on clinical examination, CEA antigen and routine Lab tests, chest X-rays, colonoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, pelvic CT scan; these procedures are performed starting 3 months after operation.
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PMID:Surgery of local recurrence in rectal cancer. 908 32

Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neurite outgrowth and promotes survival of embryonic sensory and sympathetic neurons. TRKA, a receptor tyrosine kinase cloned from a human colon cancer was later found to be expressed in the nervous system and phosphorylated in response to NGF. Somatic rearrangement(s) of the TRKA gene (also designated NTRK1) are responsible for formation of some oncogenes. Genetic defects in TRKA are responsible for a human disorder, congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). We report here isolation and characterization of the TRKA gene which spans at least 23 kb and is split into 17 exons. Exon sizes range from 18 to 394 bp and intron sizes range from 170 bp to at least 3.3 kb. Sizes and boundaries of the exons were determined, and all the splice donor and acceptor sites conformed to the GT/AG rule. Approximately 1.2 kb of the 5'-flanking regions was sequenced, and putative regulatory elements were identified. These results will be useful for studies on the developmental and biological regulation of the TRKA gene and for further characterization of mutations in CIPA patients as well as elucidation of mechanisms responsible for rearrangement(s) observed in human tumors.
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PMID:Structure and organization of the human TRKA gene encoding a high affinity receptor for nerve growth factor. 929 Feb 60


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