Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was carried out in nine children between the ages of 10 and 20 years with adenocarcinoma of the colon. No family history, significant medical history, or predisposing factors were identified, except for Turcot's syndrome in one child. Common presenting signs and symptoms were vague abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, weight loss, change in bowel habits, and guaiac-positive stools. Five of the patients' diagnoses were delayed for an average of 11.6 months, the majority of whom had Dukes' D disease. Their median survival was 4 months compared with 24 months in the four patients diagnosed early. As with adults, the mainstay of therapy is operation. Our data indicate that an increased awareness and consideration of colon cancer in children will result in earlier diagnosis, a more favorable disease stage, and prolonged survival.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the colon in adolescents. 320 57

Iproplatin [cis-dichlor-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropylamine platinum (CHIP, JM9)] is a new antineoplastic platinum analogue with an octahedral conformation. It has more water solubility than does cisplatin and was found to have less neurotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in experimental animals than cisplatin. Like cisplatin, it has been demonstrated to have a broad spectrum of activity in experimental tumor systems. A phase I study of iproplatin was conducted in 28 patients (12 with melanoma, 8 with sarcoma, 6 with breast cancer, and 2 with colon cancer). All patients had failed prior chemotherapy. Four consecutive doses of iproplatin were administered at weekly intervals followed by a rest period of two weeks for hematologic recovery (one course). One hundred forty-two weekly doses were administered with all patients except three receiving at least one full course. The weekly starting dose of 40 mg/m2 was increased to 120 mg/m2 given over 30 minutes without hydration. Myelosuppression predominantly thrombocytopenia, was the dose-limiting toxicity at weekly doses of greater than or equal to 95 mg/m2 per course. With iproplatin doses 75 mg/m2, 95 mg/m2, and 120 mg/m2, the lowest median granulocyte counts were 2.6 x 10(3)/mm3, 2.2 x 10(3)/mm3, and 1.8 x 10(3)/mm3, respectively. Similarly, at iproplatin doses of 75 mg/m2, 95 mg/m2, and 120 mg/m2, the lowest median platelet counts were 144 x 10(3)/mm3, 99 x 10(3)/mm3, and 31 x 10(3)/mm3, respectively. Mild to moderate nausea and vomiting were observed in the majority of patients. No significant neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, or ototoxicity was observed. Objective tumor regression was not observed in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Phase I study of weekly-administered iproplatin [cis-dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropylamine platin (chip, JM9)]. 322 43

Nine (six male and three female) patients with unresectable liver metastasis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma were treated by two-route chemotherapy using cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) and sodium thiosulfate (STS). Of the nine patients, two had colon cancer, three had stomach cancer and the remaining four gall bladder cancer. In these patients, 100 mg/body of CDDP was administered through the common hepatic artery by the balloon-occluded arterial infusion (B.O.A.I.) method, and just after administration, intravenous infusion of STS (10 g/body) was given. The treatment was repeated at intervals of six to 12 weeks, and the following results were obtained: 1) Seven patients of the nine were eligible for evaluation of response to the treatment. Of the seven cases, partial response (PR) was recorded in two cases, and no change (NC) in five. The response rate in eligible cases was about 30%. 2) Though all the patients suffered nausea and vomiting to a mild degree after the treatment, none of the patients showed significant side effects potentially limiting the dose, such as bone marrow suppression and/or renal failure. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the efficacy of CDDP for liver metastasis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma, and the protective effects of STS against the toxicity of CDDP were well indicated, in spite of the low number of cases examined.
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PMID:[Two-route chemotherapy by CDDP and STS in liver metastasis of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma]. 333 29

Colon carcinoma, the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, is resistant to chemotherapy in a large majority of cases. Single-agent and combination chemotherapy have failed to prolong survival. New approaches are clearly needed. In experimental models, a steep dose-response curve for colorectal cancer has been demonstrated using various agents. The hematopoietic toxicity of high-dose therapy with these drugs can be circumvented by autologous bone marrow transplantation. We investigated the use of high-dose melphalan with autologous bone marrow rescue in 20 patients with metastatic colon carcinoma. Each patient received melphalan, 180 mg/m2 intravenously (IV), followed eight hours later by bone marrow infusion. Median duration of granulocytopenia (less than 500 neutrophils/microL) was twelve days (range, 5 to 35 days), while transfusion-dependent thrombocytopenia (less than 20,000 platelets/microL) had a median duration of eight days (range, 3 to 23 days). Time to bone marrow engraftment was not affected by prior 5-fluorouracil therapy. Nausea and vomiting occurred in 14 patients but was generally short lived. Mild stomatitis, esophagitis, and diarrhea were common. Severe gastrointestinal (GI) side effects did not occur. One treatment-related death occurred secondary to intramural tumor necrosis, which resulted in massive lower GI bleeding. Complete responses were observed in three patients (15%) and partial responses in six patients (30%), for an overall response rate of 45%. Median survival was 198 days in this group of patients with extensive disease. High-dose melphalan therapy for metastatic colon carcinoma, when used with autologous bone marrow transplantation, appears to achieve a high response rate with tolerable toxicity. Further investigation is needed to define the role of this therapy in the care of advanced colon carcinoma.
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PMID:Phase II trial of high-dose melphalan and autologous bone marrow transplantation for metastatic colon carcinoma. 353 54

We attempted to use CDDP for patients with advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system by intra-arterial infusion, giving consideration to the side effects of CDDP. Of 19 cases treated with CDDP, 17 cases were evaluable. These 17 cases comprised 10 cases of gastric cancer, 1 of pancreatic cancer and 6 of colon cancer. Therapeutic effects were as follows. According to the criteria for judgement of solid cancers, there were 10 evaluable cases which comprised 1 case of PR, 2 of MR, 4 of NC and 3 of PD. According to the criteria for judgement of malignant ascites, there were 6 evaluable cases which comprised 4 effective and 2 non-effective cases. As to side effects, nausea and vomiting were observed in 10 cases, numbness in 1, fever in 1 and aggravation of diabetes in 2. From the above results, intra-arterial infusion of CDDP is considered to be an effective method for the treatment of advanced cancers of the gastrointestinal system, especially of malignant ascites.
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PMID:[Intra-arterial infusion of CDDP in advanced gastrointestinal cancer (combination of general chemotherapy)]. 395 80

Cisplatin plus 5-FU appears to have significant additive activity in various tumors, such as head and neck carcinoma and esophageal cancer. A partial explanation for this may be drug synergism, which has been noted in the L1210 leukemia model. Based on these data, a prospective trial of weekly bolus 5-FU (15 mg/kg) and cisplatin (60 mg/m2) given every 3 weeks was initiated at Indiana University. Forty-one patients, of whom 38 are fully evaluable for response, were treated with these two drugs. Ten partial and one complete response (complete + partial response rate = 29%) were observed in the 38 evaluable patients. Thirteen additional patients had stable disease for greater than or equal to 3 months. The median durations of remission and survival time were 6 and 10.3 months, respectively. Myelosuppression was unusually severe, with granulocyte counts less than 1000/mm3 in 65% of patients, including four patients with granulocyte count nadirs less than 100/mm3. Three patients developed granulocytopenic fever, with two drug-related deaths (sepsis, hyperosmolar coma). Nearly all patients had nausea and vomiting, but this was not a treatment-limiting toxic effect in any patient. Although this combination suggests a higher response rate than usually seen with bolus iv 5-FU in colon cancer, a trial comparing 5-FU alone or with cisplatin to determine whether true synergy exists is currently underway.
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PMID:Cisplatin plus 5-FU for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the colon. 407 11

A phase II study of MCNU tablets in gastrointestinal cancer was carried out by the Hanshin MCNU cooperative study group involving 21 institutions. The selection of patients and evaluation of tumor response were based on the Criteria for the Evaluation of tumor Response by Chemotherapy in Solid Tumor Patients by Koyama and Saito. Of 67 patients who were entered into the study, 46 patients were evaluable, and comprised of 27 cases of gastric cancer, 13 of colorectal cancer, 2 hepatoma, and 4 patients suffering from other typas of gastrointestinal cancer. MCNU was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/body/day for 4-6 days consecutive every 6-8 weeks. Only one partial response was obtained among the rectal cancer patients, with a response rate of 2.3% (1/43) in evaluable patients. Minor responses were obtained in 3 patients including 2 of gastric cancer with liver metastasis and 1 colon cancer with liver metastasis. Major side effects were marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms. The former consisted of mainly leukopenia (15 patients, 30.0%), thrombocytopenia (20 patients, 40.0%), and oligochromaemia (10 patients, 20.0%). The latter consisted of mainly nausea and vomiting (5 patients, 10.0%).
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PMID:[A phase II study of ranomustine (MCNU) tablets in patients with gastrointestinal cancer--by cooperative study group]. 649

A phase II study of KW 2083 [7-N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-Mitomycin C] was carried out in 14 cases of stomach cancer, 5 of lung cancer, 5 of colon cancer and 5 other types of cancer. KW 2083 was intravenously injected at a dose of 40 mg/body weekly in 26 cases. Among 23 evaluable cases, partial response was obtained in 6 cases (26%). The PR cases were 4 of stomach cancer and 2 of lung cancer, the former being all undifferentiated adenocarcinoma. Regarding hematologic toxicities, thrombocytopenia was the most principal toxicity and an important weak point of KW 2083. Thrombocytopenia (less than 75,000/mm3) was observed in 13 cases (50%). Recovery took about 4 weeks, but by that time 3 cases had still not recovered to 75,000/mm3. leukocytopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) was observed in 17 cases (65%). Concerning gastrointestinal symptoms, anorexia occurred in 11 cases (42%), nausea and vomiting in 11 cases (42%), diarrhea in 1 case and stomatitis in 1 case. T1/2 (beta-phase) of KW 2083 was half that of Mitomycin C.
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PMID:[Phase II study of KW 2083 [7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C] in patients with various cancers]. 650 15

A broad phase II trial of elliptinium was conducted in 105 evaluable patients with advanced solid tumors. The drug was given as a 60-90-min i.v. infusion at a weekly dose of 100 mg/m2. Of 36 breast cancer patients, one achieved complete and six achieved partial response for an overall response rate of 19%. Responses lasted for 12-56 weeks from initiation of therapy. There was also one partial response among 21 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. No response could be obtained in 17 patients with colon cancer, 13 patients with head and neck cancer and 18 patients with a wide variety of other malignancies. Myelosuppression was minimal. Nausea and vomiting were the most frequent toxic effects. The drug also produced serious xerostomia and acute intravascular hemolysis. Asthenia was common. Other adverse reactions included fever and chills, transient neurologic and cardiovascular manifestations and renal function impairment. Additional work is needed to define optimal modes of drug administration.
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PMID:Phase II study of 9-hydroxy-2N-methylellipticinium acetate. 653 89

A Phase I trial of tricyclic nucleoside phosphate (1,4,5,6,8-pentaazaacenaphthylene-3-amino-1, 5-dihydro-5-methyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl 5'-phosphate ester; NSC 280594) was conducted using a 5-day continuous infusion schedule. Thirty-seven patients with advanced cancer were entered on the study, of whom 33 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Dose levels ranged from 10 mg/sq m/day X 5 days to 40 mg/sq m/day X 5 days. Initially, courses were repeated every 3 to 4 weeks. As cumulative toxicity became manifested, the interval between courses was changed to every 6 weeks. Major toxicities included hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, and thrombocytopenia. Patients with a prior history of diabetes mellitus, extensive radiation therapy, or significant liver metastases were prone to severe toxicity. Other toxicities noted were nausea and vomiting, abdominal discomfort, anemia, and reduction in serum calcium, phosphorus, and albumin levels. Rare side effects included hypertriglyceridemia, hyperamylasemia, diarrhea, and stomatitis. Antitumor activity observed include improvement in s.c. metastases in a patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma, stabilization of disease in a patient with mesothelioma, and mixed responses in three patients (colon cancer, sarcoma, and tonsillar squamous cell cancer). Recommended schedule for Phase II studies is 20 mg/sq m/day for 5 days every 6 weeks.
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PMID:Phase I study of tricyclic nucleoside phosphate using a five-day continuous infusion schedule. 674 83


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