Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0699790 (colon cancer)
 28,837 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11), topotecan, sobuzoxane, NC-190, and IST-622 are unique topoisomerase inhibitors and are investigational in Japan. CPT-11 is a water-soluble, semisynthetic derivative of camtothecin. CPT-11 shows its anticancer activity by inhibiting topoisomerase I activity, now a target of anticancer agents with major interest. Recent clinical trials reveal that CPT-11 is very effective in the treatment of cancer including lung cancer, cervical cancer, ovary cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Major dose limiting toxicities are leukopenia and diarrhea, and are dose related. Topotecan is an another semisynthetic derivative of camtothecin and is also topoisomerase I inhibitor. Topotecan has undergone phase I clinical evaluations in USA, europe, and recently in Japan. DLF are leukopenia and neutropenia. Topotecan is more hydrophilic than its parent compound and shows lesser protein binding. Renal excretion appears to be the major route of elimination. Sobuzoxane (MST-16) is a unique derivative of dioxopiperazine, an inhibitor of topoisomerase II. In phase II studies, definite anticancer effects are observed in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Responses are seen even in pretreated cases. Leukopenia is also dose-limiting. Non-hematologic toxicities are mild and include alopecia and G.I. toxicities. NC-190 is a novel benzophenazine derivative with excellent antitumor activities against murine tumors. NC-190 also inhibits topoisomerase II. Now the drug is an early clinical phase II studies in Japan. Toxicities include bone marrow suppression, transient mild to moderate liver enzyme elevation, alopecia and mild G.I. toxicities. Tumor responses are occasionally encountered. IST-622 is a semisynthetic derivative of chartreusin. The drug is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II (and I in high concentration). IST-622 shows excellent, broad anticancer activity against murine tumors. The drug is well absorbed from small intestine. IST-622 is now in phase I clinical trial in Japan.
 ...
PMID:[Topoisomerase inhibitors developing in Japan]. 842 86

The author studied the medical records of 133 patients who underwent surgery for adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum in the Metropolitan Hospital Complex Arnulfo Arias Madrid from June 1972 to July 1992. In 9 (6.7%) the tumor was staged as Dukes A, in 49 (36.8%) as Dukes B; in 60 (43.1%) as Dukes C and in 10 (16.7%) as Dukes D. The anatomical location of the tumor was the cecum in 9 (6.7%), the ascending colon in 3 (2.3%), the sigmoid colon in 44 (33%) and the rectum in 41 (31.6%). Of the rectal carcinomas 24 (58.5%) were in the inferior one third, 10 (24.3) were in the middle and 7 (17%) in the superior third. It is evident that nearly two thirds of the tumors were within reach of the digital rectal examination of the sigmoidoscopic examination. The parents ranged from 21 to 89 years of age and their median age was 63 years. 73 patients were women and 60 were men. 60.5% of the women and 39.5% of the men had carcinoma of the colon. The sexual prevalence of carcinoma of the rectum was different: 5% were in men and 43% were in women. 2.2% of the tumors were synchronous and 4% were metachronous. The author discusses the number, type and indications for the surgical procedures used. There were no perioperative deaths. The 5 year survival for adenocarcinomas of the colon was 100% for those patients with tumors staged as Dukes A, 78.5% for the Dukes B, 61.1% for the Dukes C and 0% for those staged as Dukes D. For the rectal adenocarcinomas the 5 year survival was 100% for those patients with tumors in Stage Dukes A, 57.1%, for those in Dukes B, 33.3 for those in Dukes C and 0% in those in Dukes D. These results indicate that these patients are seen in an advanced stage and point to the urgent need to make the diagnosis in early, curable stages. The low incidence of tumors in stage Dukes A indicates an indifference of the patients and/or the doctors to the symptoms and signs of this disease. The most frequent symptoms, in descending order were: bleeding on defecation (all types), change in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation), abdominal pains, tenesmus and anemia (with its different clinical manifestations). Other symptoms were a palapable abdominal mass, feces with bloody mucus and rectal prolapse on defecation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Colorectal cancer. A study of 133 surgical cases]. 847 34

We undertook a multicenter phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) + 1-leucovorin (1-LV) in previously untreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer to determine the response rate, response duration, time to progression, survival, and toxicity. Patients were treated with i.v. 5FU 370 mg/m2/day and 1-LV 100 mg/m2/day x 5 every 28 days. Toxicity and response were determined by WHO criteria. One hundred and twenty-six patients were entered, and 119 patients were eligible and evaluable. Eighty-eight patients had colon cancer and 37 had rectal cancer. The male:female ratio was 58:68. The mean age was 62.2 years. ECOG performance status distribution was 0 (39.7%), 1 (46%), and 2 (11.9%). The median number of courses of therapy administered was 4.5. Severe- or life-threatening stomatitis or diarrhea, nausea, and granulocytopenia occurred in 17.6, 23.2, 17.6, and 15.9% of patients, respectively. The response rate was 22/119 [18.5%; 95% confidence interval (CI) of 12.0-26.6]. Median response duration was 188 days (95% CI of 111-248 days). Median survival was 379 days (95% confidence interval of 289-452 days). These results indicate that when 1-LV is combined with 5FU, toxicity is similar in pattern and severity to that of the d,1 racemic mixture. The overall efficacy of 1-LV + 5FU is comparable to a recent metaanalysis.
 ...
PMID:A phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil and 1-leucovorin in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. 855 31

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) colitis is thought to occur almost exclusively in immunosuppressed persons. Colonoscopy in patients with CMV colitis usually shows diffuse or localized ulceration, although mucosal friability, erosions, hemorrhage, and plaque-like pseudomembranes may be observed. We report on a patient with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis therapy who had abdominal symptoms, including bloody diarrhea, along with colonoscopic findings suggestive of carcinoma of the colon. The patient was not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus and had normal lymphocyte subset numbers. He was subsequently found to have invasive CMV disease of the colon. CMV colitis can occur in persons who are not severely immunosuppressed, and its colonoscopic appearance may mimic that of colon cancer.
 ...
PMID:Cytomegalovirus colitis mimicking colon carcinoma in an HIV-negative patient with chronic renal failure. 856 Nov 27

In 65 patients (pts) (130 renal units) with invasive bladder cancer treated at our institution from 1971 to 1992, ureterosigmoidostomy was performed. Early complications (< 3 month) occurred in 25 patients: 9 pts had a pyelonephritis, 3 pts underwent surgery for revision of the ureteral anastomosis because of leakage and 3 had abdominal wall revisions. 4 pts had a severe hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, 2 pts had respiratory problems. Late complications observed were: 12 pts with pyelonephritis, 4 pts with ureteral stenosis and 9 pts with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. 5 patients were incontinent and 3 pts had a anastomotic colon cancer after 10, 12 and 17 years respectively. In 26/65 (40%) of patients with survival over 5 years continence and quality of life were evaluated by means of a questionnaire. 23/26 pts (88%) were continent during daytime and complete continence during the night was reported by 14/26 pts (54%). Quality of life was assessed in a global manner (family and social life, sexuality, comfort, travel and sport) and was rated as satisfactory in 24/26 pts (92%). 2 pts were unsatisfied due to diarrhea. In conclusion, good long-term functional results can be obtained with ureterosigmoidostomy with a careful follow-up. Our long-term results may serve as a basis for comparison with other more recently developed continent urinary diversions such as low pressure systems.
 ...
PMID:[Ureterosigmoidostomy in adults: long term results]. 862 33

We review the results of treating the local effects of 26 cases of inoperable colorectal cancer with Nd:YAG laser. There were 16 men and 10 women of mean age 75, with 17 (65%) rectal, eight (31%) sigmoid and one (4%) ascending colon cancer. They presented with symptoms primarily of obstruction in 12 patients (46%), bleeding in 10 (39%) and diarrhoea in four (15%). Initial therapy to relieve symptoms required a mean of 1.5 (1-3) laser treatments over a mean of 1.5 (1-2) weeks. Twelve patients (46%) had total relief and 12 (46%) had partial relief. Sixteen patients received follow-up maintenance therapy, with laser treatments performed over a mean interval of 7.3 (1-20) weeks. One died at first follow-up treatment; all but two of the others were well maintained by laser treatment alone. Three patients (12%) suffered complications, with two deaths (8%), one due to cardiac failure and the other due to stercoral perforation of the colon. Four patients remained alive after a mean follow-up period of 51 (9-84) months. The mean survival of the others was 5 (0-23) months. Laser palliation for colorectal cancer is efficacious and relatively safe, allows improved quality of survival in 92% of patients after initial treatment, and, alone, can satisfactorily keep patients relatively free of local symptoms in 88% of patients surviving into the follow-up period.
 ...
PMID:Local effects of colorectal cancer are well palliated by endoscopic laser therapy. 863 14

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between uncertainty, symptom distress, and discharge information needs in individuals after a colon resection for cancer. The theoretical framework for the study was derived from Lazarus and Folkman's stress, appraisal, and coping model, and Mishel's theory of uncertainty in illness. Uncertainty was measured by the Mishel Uncertainty Illness Scale (MUIS); symptom distress of pain, fatigue, constipation, diarrhea and loss of appetite by visual analogue scales; and discharge information needs by the Patient Learning Need Scale (PLNS). Forty individuals with a first diagnosis of cancer were interviewed after surgical resection of colon cancer. The study results indicated that they had moderate levels of uncertainty, low levels of symptom distress, and a moderate number of discharge information needs. Information related to treatment, complications, and activities of living were identified as highly important. An increase in uncertainty was significantly associated with an increase in discharge information needs. Increased attention to information needs at discharge may decrease an individual's level of uncertainty and facilitate the transition from hospital to home.
 ...
PMID:Uncertainty, symptom distress, and information needs after surgery for cancer of the colon. 863 64

Hereditary non polypous colon cancer (HNPCC) is inherited in a dominant fashion, and accounts for 29-39% of all colon and rectum carcinomas occurring in people under 50 years of age. We present a case of a young male with a short history of fluctuating diarrhoea and bleeding per rectum. Family records showed a high incidence of colon and rectum cancer. Coloscopy showed a colon tumour that was treated by total colectomy. To obtain the correct diagnosis a thorough family history is crucial. Having found a sick individual in a family it is now possible to identify genotype-carriers among family members.
 ...
PMID:[Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer]. 868 38

This study measured fecal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) relative to the severity of colitis in the cotton-top tamarin model of colitis and colon cancer. Severity of colitis was classified as mild, moderate, or severe by subjective scoring of colonic mucosal biopsies and quantification of inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lamina propria. SCFAs were determined by gas chromatography of SCFAs extracted from fresh feces. Tamarins with moderate or severe colitis had significantly reduced levels of fecal SCFAs. The percent dry matter of feces declined significantly in moderate and severe colitis, while total dry matter output per day increased, indicating that moderate and severe colitis in tamarins was associated with diarrhea and increased fecal water loss. In conclusion, this study found colitis in the tamarin model was associated with decreased fecal SCFA levels and progressive inflammation in a pattern similar to human colitis.
 ...
PMID:Fecal short-chain fatty acids associated with inflammation in cotton-top tamarin model for idiopathic colitis. 876 89

Alcohol ingested orally is transported to the colon by blood circulation, and after the distribution phase, intracolonic ethanol levels are equal to those in the blood. Recent studies in our laboratory suggest that in the large bowel ethanol is oxidized by a bacteriocolonic pathway. In this pathway intracolonic ethanol is at first oxidized by bacterial alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde. Then acetaldehyde is oxidized either by colonic mucosal or bacterial aldehyde dehydrogenase to acetate. Part of intracolonic acetaldehyde may also be absorbed to portal vein and be metabolized in the liver. The bacteriocolonic pathway offers a new explanation for the disappearance of a part of ethanol calories. Due to the low aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of colonic mucosa, acetaldehyde accumulates in the colon. Accordingly during ethanol oxidation highest acetaldehyde levels of the body are found in the colon and not in the liver. High intracolonic acetaldehyde may contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol-induced diarrhoea. Because acetaldehyde is a carcinogen in experimental animals, it may also contribute to the increased risk of colon polyps and colon cancer, which have been found to be associated with heavy alcohol consumption. Intracolonic acetaldehyde may also be an important determinant of the blood acetaldehyde level and a possible hepatotoxin. In addition to acetaldehyde, gut-derived endotoxin is another potential candidate in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related liver injury. Experimental alcoholic liver injury has recently been prevented by antibiotics, and this effect was related to the prevention of endotoxin-induced activation of Kupffer's cells.
 ...
PMID:Bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation: characteristics and implications. 881 Nov 62


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>